Toxicological profiles - Heptachlor epoxide

TOXICOLOGICAL PROFILE FOR HEPTACHLOR/HEPTACHLOR EPOXIDE......Page 1
CONTENTS......Page 7
DISCLAIMER......Page 2
UPDATE STATEMENT......Page 3
FOREWORD......Page 4
CONTRIBUTORS......Page 6
LIST OF FIGURES......Page 10
LIST OF TABLES......Page 11
1.1 WHAT ARE HEPTACHLOR AND HEPTACHLOR EPOXIDE?......Page 12
1.3 HOW MIGHT I BE EXPOSED TO HEPTACHLOR AND HEPTACHLOR EPOXIDE?......Page 13
1.4 HOW CAN HEPTACHLOR AND HEPTACHLOR EPOXIDE ENTER AND LEAVE MY BODY?......Page 14
1.5 HOW CAN HEPTACHLOR AND HEPTACHLOR EPOXIDE AFFECT MY HEALTH?......Page 15
1.7 WHAT RECOMMENDATIONS HAS THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT MADE TO PROTECT HUMAN HEALTH?......Page 16
2.1 INTRODUCTION......Page 17
2.2 DISCUSSION OF HEALTH EFFECTS BY ROUTE OF EXPOSURE......Page 18
2.2.1.1 Death......Page 19
2.2.1.2 Systemic Effects......Page 20
2.2.1.6 Reproductive Effects......Page 21
2.2.1.8 Cancer......Page 22
2.2.2.1 Death......Page 23
2.2.2.2 Systemic Effects......Page 24
2.2.2.3 Immunological Effects......Page 40
2.2.2.5 Developmental Effects......Page 41
2.2.2.6 Reproductive Effects......Page 42
2.2.2.7 Genotoxic Effects......Page 43
2.2.2.8 Cancer......Page 44
2.2.3.4 Neurological Effects......Page 45
2.3.1.2 Oral Exposure......Page 46
2.3.1.3 Dermal Exposure......Page 47
2.3.2.2 Oral Exposure......Page 48
2.3.3 Metabolism......Page 50
2.4 RELEVANCE TO PUBLIC HEALTH......Page 52
2.5 BIOMARKERS OF EXPOSURE AND EFFECT......Page 61
2.5.1 Biomarkers Used to Identify or Quantify Exposure to Heptachlor and Heptachlor Epoxide......Page 62
2.6 INTERACTIONS WITH OTHER CHEMICALS......Page 64
2.7 POPULATIONS THAT ARE UNUSUALLY SUSCEPTIBLE......Page 65
2.8.1 Reducing Peak Absorption Following Exposure......Page 66
2.8.3 Interfering with the Mechanism of Action for Toxic Effects......Page 67
2.9.1 Existing Information on Health Effects of Heptachlor and Heptachlor Epoxide......Page 68
2.9.2 Identification of Data Needs......Page 70
2.9.3 On-going Studies......Page 75
3.2 PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES......Page 76
4.2 IMPORT/EXPORT......Page 79
4.3 USE......Page 80
5.1 OVERVIEW......Page 82
5.2.1 Air......Page 83
5.3.1 Transport and Partitioning......Page 86
5.3.2.1 Air......Page 87
5.3.2.3 Soil......Page 88
5.4.2 Water......Page 90
5.4.3 Soil......Page 91
5.5 GENERAL POPULATION AND OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE......Page 92
5.6 POPULATIONS WITH POTENTIALLY HIGH EXPOSURES......Page 94
5.7.1 Identification of Data Needs......Page 95
6.1 BIOLOGICAL MATERIALS......Page 97
6.2 ENVIRONMENTAL SAMPLES......Page 102
6.3.1 Identification of Data Needs......Page 107
7. REGULATIONS AND ADVISORIES......Page 108
8. REFERENCES......Page 129
9. GLOSSARY......Page 148
Lethal Concentration (LO)......Page 149
Reference Dose......Page 150
Uncertainty Factor......Page 151
User’s Guide......Page 152
Acronyms, Abbreviations, and Symbols......Page 157
PEER REVIEW......Page 161