Progress in Engineering Technology III

Preface
Contents
1 Vibration Response of Magneto-Rheological Elastomer Sandwich Plates
	1.1 Introduction
	1.2 Methodology
		1.2.1 Sample Preparation
		1.2.2 Fabrication of the Sandwich Structural Plate
		1.2.3 Vibration Response Test Setup
	1.3 Result and Discussions
		1.3.1 Magnetic Field Determination
		1.3.2 Effects of Iron Loading on the Vibration Responses
		1.3.3 Effects of Iron Loading on the Stiffness Coefficient
	1.4 Conclusion
	References
2 Nonlinear Control of a Magneto-Rheological Fluid Electrohydraulic Positioning System
	2.1 Introduction
	2.2 Literature Review
	2.3 Experiment Setup
	2.4 Result and Discussion
	2.5 Conclusion
	References
3 Development of a Magneto-Rheological Fluid Powertrain for Electric Vehicle Applications
	3.1 Introduction
	3.2 Literature Review
	3.3 Methodology Experimental SetUp
		3.3.1 CAD Modelling
		3.3.2 MRF Preparation Process
		3.3.3 Strain Gauge Load Sensor Setup
		3.3.4 Finite Element Method Magnetics (FEMM) Analysis
	3.4 Results and Discussion
		3.4.1 Copper Coil Calibration
		3.4.2 Current Versus Torque Transmittance
		3.4.3 Current Versus Power Transmission Efficiency
		3.4.4 Distribution of the Magnetic Flux Density
	3.5 Conclusions
	References
4 GPU-Accelerated Vehicle Detection for Roads
	4.1 Introduction
	4.2 Methods
		4.2.1 Vehicle Detection
		4.2.2 Lane Detection
	4.3 Result and Discussion
		4.3.1 Vehicle Detection During the Day
		4.3.2 Multiple Class Vehicle Detection
		4.3.3 Vehicle Detection During Night
		4.3.4 Detection of Lane
		4.3.5 Vehicle and Lane Detection
	4.4 Conclusion and Recommendation
	References
5 Anomaly Vehicle Detection Using Deep Neural Network
	5.1 Introduction
		5.1.1 Image Processing
		5.1.2 Video Analysis
		5.1.3 Machine Learning
	5.2 Methods
		5.2.1 Image Processing Using Convolutional Neural Network
		5.2.2 Building the Box for Object Detection
		5.2.3 Anomaly Detection Model
	5.3 Result and Discussion
		5.3.1 Accuracy of the Detection at Nighttime and Different Weather
		5.3.2 CPU Versus no GPU
	5.4 Conclusion and Recommendation
	References
6 GPU Accelerated Speech Recognition
	6.1 Introduction
	6.2 Methods
	6.3 Speech Recognition Techniques
	6.4 Implementation and Analysis
	6.5 Creating the Phonetic Dictionary
	6.6 Conclusion and Recommendation
	References
7 Aluminum Nanoparticles Preparation via Plasma Arc Discharge
	7.1 Introduction
		7.1.1 Plasma Arc Discharge Nanofluid Synthesis System
	7.2 Methodology
	7.3 Result and Discussion
		7.3.1 Micrograph of SEM Images and Cliff-Lorimer Ratio Method
	7.4 Discussion
	7.5 Conclusion
	References
8 Three-Dimensional Image Reconstruction for Automated Defect Detection at Artificial Metallic Surface Specimens
	8.1 Introduction
	8.2 Methodology
		8.2.1 Proposed Method
		8.2.2 Experimental Setup
		8.2.3 Simulation Development Using MATLAB
		8.2.4 Image Processing
	8.3 Results and Discussion
		8.3.1 Image Presentation
		8.3.2 3-D Image Reconstruction
	8.4 Conclusions
	References
9 Additive Manufacturing Processes, Challenges and Applications: A Review
	9.1 Introduction
	9.2 Stereolithography
	9.3 Digital Light Processing
	9.4 Fused Deposition Modeling
	9.5 Selective Laser Sintering
		9.5.1 Binding Mechanism in SLS
	9.6 Direct Metal Laser Sintering
	9.7 Selective Laser Melting
		9.7.1 Rotated Strip Pattern
		9.7.2 Alternative Block Pattern
	9.8 Applications of Additive Manufacturing
		9.8.1 Aerospace
		9.8.2 Medical
		9.8.3 Automotive
		9.8.4 Oil and Gas
	9.9 Conclusion
	References
10 Using a Correction Factor to Remove Machine Compliance in a Tensile Test on DP1000 Steel Validated with 2D Digital Image Correlation Technique
	10.1 Introduction
	10.2 Literature
	10.3 Methodology
		10.3.1 Material
		10.3.2 Tensile Test with Optical 2D DIC
		10.3.3 Machine Compliance Correction
	10.4 Result and Discussion
	10.5 Conclusions
	References
11 Productivity Improvement Through Improving the WorkStation of Manual Assembly in Production Systems
	11.1 Introduction
	11.2 Literature
	11.3 Methodology
	11.4 Result and Discussion
	11.5 Conclusions
	References
12 Effect of a Gap Between Electrodes by Using the Coplanar Copper Plate in Capacitive Sensing
	12.1 Introduction
	12.2 Literature
	12.3 Methodology
	12.4 Result and Discussion
		12.4.1 Sensor Reading
		12.4.2 Analysis of Variance (ANOVA)
		12.4.3 Effect of the Gap Between Electrodes on the Sensor Reading
	12.5 Conclusions
	References
13 Optimization of a Production Layout Model to Increase Production Efficiency in Small Medium Enterprises
	13.1 Introduction
	13.2 Literature
		13.2.1 Facility Layout
		13.2.2 Witness Simulation
		13.2.3 Lean Production Principle
	13.3 Methodology
	13.4 Result and Discussion
		13.4.1 First Proposal
		13.4.2 Second Proposal
		13.4.3 Witness Simulation
	13.5 Conclusions
	References
14 Study on Series Motor Four Quadrants DC Chopper Operation Controlled by an Expert System
	14.1 Introduction
	14.2 Review Stage
		14.2.1 Chopper Hopper Operation Controller
		14.2.2 Expert System
	14.3 Methodology
	14.4 Results and Discussion
	14.5 Conclusion
	References
15 Fault Diagnose of DC Drive EV Utilizing a New Series Motor Four Quadrants DC Chopper Using an Expert System and Quadratic Solver Running in Embedded
	15.1 Introduction
	15.2 Literature Review
		15.2.1 Faultly in Electric Vehicle and fault Diagnosis System
		15.2.2 Fault Detection Methods
		15.2.3 Expert System
	15.3 Characteristics of Expert Systems
		15.3.1 Quadratic Equation
		15.3.2 Embedded System
	15.4 Methodology
		15.4.1 Simulation Model Development
	15.5 Results and Discussion
	15.6 Conclusion
	References
16 Gradient Descend for Setting Up a Look-Up Table of Series Motor Four Quadrants Drive DC Chopper in Parallel Mode
	16.1 Introduction
	16.2 Literature Review
	16.3 Methodology
		16.3.1 DC Series Motor weakness and FQDC in Parallel Mode
		16.3.2 Control Strategy in Parallel Mode
		16.3.3 Simulation Model
	16.4 Results and Discussion
	16.5 Conclusion
	References
17 DC Drive Electric Car Utilizing Series Motor and Four Quadrants Drive DC Chopper Parameter Determination from General Design Requirements
	17.1 Introduction
	17.2 Review Stage
		17.2.1 General Requirements of Low Cost, Fuel Economics EV Design
		17.2.2 Vehicle Dynamics
		17.2.3 Ideal Gearbox: Steady-State Model
		17.2.4 Initial Acceleration
	17.3 Methodology
	17.4 Result and Discussion
	17.5 Conclusions
	References
18 Low Harmonics Plug-in Home Charging Electric Vehicle Battery Charger Utilizing Multi-level Rectifier, Zero Crossing, and Buck Chopper: BMS Battery Charging Control Algorithm
	18.1 Introduction
	18.2 Literature Review
	18.3 Methodology
		18.3.1 Charging Controller Control Algorithm
		18.3.2 Buck Chopper Control Charging Current
		18.3.3 Zooming Effect by Using Amplifier and Offset Circuit
		18.3.4 Control Battery Charging Temperature
		18.3.5 Simulation Model of Battery Charger and Charging Controller
	18.4 Results and Discussion
	18.5 Conclusion
	References
19 Low Harmonics Plug-in Home Charging Electric Vehicle Battery Charger Utilizing Multilevel Rectifier, Zero Crossing, and Buck Chopper
	19.1 Introduction
	19.2 Review Stage
	19.3 Methodology
	19.4 Results and Discussion
	19.5 Conclusion
	References
20 Series Motor Four Quadrants Drive DC Chopper
	20.1 Introduction
	20.2 Review Stage
	20.3 Methodology
	20.4 Conclusion
	References
21 Oxy Cutting for Mild Steel Response to Cutting Gap Using the Taguchi Method—An Experimental Study
	21.1 Introduction
	21.2 Methodology and Experimental Setup
		21.2.1 Fabrication of the Product
		21.2.2 Fabrication Process
	21.3 Results and Discussion
		21.3.1 Confirmation Test
	21.4 Conclusion and Recommendation
	References
22 Welding Parameter Response to Depth Penetration—An Experimental Study
	22.1 Introduction
	22.2 Methodology and Experimental Setup
		22.2.1 Experimental Work
	22.3 Results and Discussion
		22.3.1 Confirmation Test
	22.4 Conclusion and Recommendation
	References
23 Voice Activated Command for Automotive Applications Using a Raspberry PI
	23.1 Introduction
	23.2 Methods
		23.2.1 Experimental Setup and Data Acquisition
		23.2.2 Signal Preprocessing
		23.2.3 Signal Framing and Trimming
	23.3 Feature Extraction
		23.3.1 Power Spectral Analysis
		23.3.2 Fast Fourier Transform
		23.3.3 Classification
		23.3.4 Recognition
		23.3.5 Hardware Interface
	23.4 Results and Discussion
		23.4.1 Analysis of Speech Recognition
		23.4.2 Comparison of Speech Accuracy Analysis
	23.5 Conclusion and Recommendation
	References
24 Out-of-Plane Surface Deformation Measurement of Advanced High Strength Steel Using 3D DIC
	24.1 Introduction
	24.2 Literature
	24.3 Methodology
		24.3.1 Material
		24.3.2 Punch Test and DIC Set up
		24.3.3 Source of Errors in DIC Technique
	24.4 Result and Discussion
		24.4.1 Force-Displacement Response
		24.4.2 3D Strain Distribution in Punch Test
	24.5 Conclusions
	References
25 Small Scale Prototype Development of Vehicle to Vehicle (V2V) Communication Using the Light Fidelity (LiFi) Technology
	25.1 Introduction
	25.2 Literature
	25.3 Methodology
	25.4 Result and Discussion
	25.5 Conclusions
	References
26 Design of an Electromagnetic Vibration Energy Harvester Using the Vehicle Suspension
	26.1 Introduction
	26.2 Literature
	26.3 Design and Analysis
		26.3.1 Designs of Vibration Energy Electromagnetic Energy Harvester and Working Principle
		26.3.2 Design Analysis
	26.4 Result and Discussion
	26.5 Conclusions
	References
27 Application of Clean Agents in Fire Suppression Systems: An Overview
	27.1 Introduction
	27.2 Issue of Greenhouse Effects Based on the Production and Use of These Gaseous
	27.3 Overview of Gaseous Fire Suppression Systems
		27.3.1 Aerosols
		27.3.2 Inert Gas
		27.3.3 Halocarbons
		27.3.4 Fluorinated Ketones
		27.3.5 Hydrofluoroolefin
	27.4 Studies on Clean Agent Gaseous Used as Fire Suppressors
	27.5 Future Recommendations
	References
28 Design and Analysis of Fire Extinguisher Nozzle Spray Using Design of Experiment Method
	28.1 Introduction
	28.2 Methodology and Experimental Etup
		28.2.1 Initial Experiment
		28.2.2 Design Stage
		28.2.3 Simulation
		28.2.4 Design of Experiment Using the Taguchi Method
	28.3 Results and Discussion
		28.3.1 Initial Experiment Results
		28.3.2 Nozzle Simulation Result
		28.3.3 Taguchi Method
		28.3.4 Taguchi Analysis: Result Pressure A, B
		28.3.5 Taguchi Analysis: Result Velocity A, B
	28.4 Conclusion and Recommendation
	References
29 Roles of 5S Practice in MARA Ecosystem Quality Standard (MQS)—A Case Study
	29.1 Introduction
	29.2 Methodology
		29.2.1 Respondent
		29.2.2 Data Collection and Instrument
		29.2.3 Pre-Test (Validity Test)
		29.2.4 Pilot Test (Reliability Test)
		29.2.5 Initial Formation of Framework
		29.2.6 Correlation Analysis
		29.2.7 Delphi Validation Analysis
	29.3 Results and Discussion
		29.3.1 Pre-Test (Validity Test)
		29.3.2 Pilot Test (Reliability Test)
		29.3.3 Actual Test
		29.3.4 Correlation Between Variables
	29.4 Conclusion and Recommendation
	References
30 Design and Development of a Loader Bucket Wheelbarrow
	30.1 Introduction
	30.2 Literature
		30.2.1 Optimize the Design of Wheelbarrow Loader Bucket from Wheel Loader
		30.2.2 Establish the Assistance System to Load and Unload the Wheelbarrow Loader Bucket
	30.3 Methodology
		30.3.1 Problem Definition and Data Collection from the Users
		30.3.2 Objective Tree Method
		30.3.3 Function Analysis Method
		30.3.4 Performance Specification Method
		30.3.5 Quality Functional Deployment Method
		30.3.6 Brainstorming Ideas by Using Morphological Chart
		30.3.7 Sketching the Ideas and Weighted Objective Analysis
	30.4 Result and Discussion
		30.4.1 Final Conceptual Design
		30.4.2 Design Simulation and Analysis
	30.5 Conclusions
	References