Personality, Identity, and Character: Explorations in Moral Psychology

Cover......Page 1
Half-title......Page 3
Dedication......Page 4
Title......Page 5
Copyright......Page 6
Contents......Page 7
Contributors......Page 9
Introduction......Page 11
Overview of the Chapters......Page 13
1 The Moral Personality......Page 21
Moral Personality at the Level of Dispositional Traits......Page 23
Characteristic Adaptations: Moral Goals and Schemas......Page 26
The Life Narrative as a Moral Construction......Page 28
Conclusion......Page 33
References......Page 35
2 The Moral Functioning of the Person as a Whole: On Moral Psychology and Personality Science......Page 40
Dual Meaning of \"Personality Structure\"......Page 42
Personality Consistency and Hartshorne and May (1929)......Page 44
The KAPA Model of Personality Architecture: Two Implications for Moral Psychology......Page 46
Self and Identity in Moral Functioning......Page 49
Self, Identity, and Self-Based Motives in Social-Cognitive Theory......Page 50
References......Page 56
Virtuous Interdependency......Page 62
The Nonexistence of Character Traits......Page 64
The Aim of Varieties of Moral Personality......Page 66
What a Virtue Might Be......Page 67
The Phenomenology of Virtue (& Vice)......Page 72
Numbers for Philosophers......Page 73
Normative Narratives......Page 75
The Target Narrative of Accomplishment and Desert......Page 79
Luck\'s Logic......Page 81
Narratives of Free Agency......Page 82
Narratives of Mixing Labor......Page 83
References......Page 86
4 Cultural Pluralism and Moral Identity......Page 89
Moral Ambivalence as a Motivation for a Naturalistic Approach to Understanding Morality......Page 90
Morality Conceived as a Cultural Invention with Certain Functions......Page 92
Difficulties for the Concept of Culture......Page 95
Reconstructing a Thicker Notion of Culture that Is not Naive......Page 100
Implications for Questions of a Group\'s Morality......Page 107
Implications for the Individual\'s Moral Identity......Page 109
Summary......Page 113
References......Page 114
5 Neuroscience and Morality: Moral Judgments, Sentiments, and Values......Page 116
Lesion and Neuroimaging Evidence for the Neural Bases of Moral Abilities......Page 118
Moral Conflicts, Reason, and Emotion: Friends or Foes?......Page 122
Moral Motivations: Primitive or Uniquely Human?......Page 128
Attachment, Maternal Instincts, and Cooperation with Strangers and Societal Causes......Page 129
Disgust, Dominance, and Moralistic Aggression......Page 132
The Neural Basis of Social Concepts and Moral Values......Page 134
Conclusions and Future Directions......Page 136
References......Page 137
Grounding Three Ethics......Page 146
TET and Personality......Page 148
Situational Effects......Page 151
The Ethic of Security......Page 153
The Ethic of Engagement......Page 155
The Ethic of Imagination......Page 156
Morality of the Moment......Page 159
Dispositional Multiplicity of Moral Personality......Page 160
Conclusion......Page 161
References......Page 163
7 Early Foundations: Conscience and the Development of Moral Character......Page 169
Early Childhood in Classic Moral Development Theories......Page 170
Early Social and Emotional Understanding......Page 173
Social Referencing......Page 174
Sensitivity to Standards......Page 175
Obligation and Intention......Page 179
Moral Affect......Page 181
Moral Self......Page 182
Interim Conclusion......Page 183
Parent-Child Relationships and Early Conscience......Page 184
Parental Practices: Discipline and Conversation......Page 186
Conclusion......Page 188
References......Page 189
8 The Development of the Moral Personality......Page 195
The Two Disciplines......Page 197
The Trait Dispositional Approach......Page 199
Personality Types......Page 201
Five Themes from Personality Development for Moral Development......Page 202
Traits, Types, and Moral Functioning......Page 208
The Social Cognitive Development of the Moral Personality......Page 210
Conclusion......Page 215
References......Page 217
A Model of Moral Identity......Page 224
The Sources of Moral Identity......Page 225
Stress......Page 228
Institutional Density......Page 230
Youthfulness......Page 232
Interventions......Page 236
References......Page 238
10 Moral Personality Exemplified......Page 242
Brave and Caring Exemplars......Page 246
The Empirical Paradigm of Moral Personality......Page 247
Different Personality Profiles......Page 248
Foundational Core......Page 255
Toward Bridging the Judgment/Action Gap......Page 260
Coda: Bringing Things Together and Moving Them Forward......Page 261
References......Page 263
11 Greatest of the Virtues? Gratitude and the Grateful Personality......Page 266
What Is Gratitude?......Page 268
The \"Moral Memory of Mankind\"......Page 269
Does Gratitude Motivate Moral Action?......Page 270
The Personality Basis of Gratitude......Page 273
Why Is Gratitude Good?......Page 275
Conclusions......Page 278
References......Page 279
12 The Elusive Altruist: The Psychological Study of the Altruistic Personality......Page 281
Altruism in All Its Glory......Page 282
Biological and Evolutionary Basis of Altruism......Page 284
Psychological Research on Altruism......Page 287
Conceptions of the Altruistic Personality......Page 289
A Study of Volunteering Others to Help......Page 292
Conclusions......Page 297
References......Page 299
Generativity of Personality......Page 305
Moral Identity......Page 308
A Narrative Perspective on Moral Identity......Page 309
Moral Narratives of Personal Life in Young Adulthood......Page 310
Example 1: Moral Goodness......Page 311
Example 2: Moral Dilemma......Page 312
Example 3: Moral Courage......Page 315
Longitudinal Examination of Early Moral Narrative Identity and Generativity Development in Emerging Adulthood......Page 316
Narrative Approaches to Moral Identity: Understanding the Moral Self through Stories......Page 319
Relations Between Moral Identity and Generativity in Emerging Adulthood......Page 320
Conclusions......Page 322
References......Page 323
Principled and Expedient Ethical Ideologies......Page 326
The Commitment to Principles......Page 328
Integrity as a Virtue......Page 330
Attractions of Expediency......Page 331
Assessing Principled versus Expedient Ideologies......Page 332
Integrity, Moral Identity, and Relationships......Page 333
Integrity, Admiration, and Social Judgment......Page 335
Integrity, Personality, and Well-Being......Page 337
Integrity and Prosocial Behavior......Page 338
Integrity and Antisocial Behavior......Page 340
Integrity, Accountability, and Personal Responsibility......Page 342
The Triangle Model of Responsibility......Page 343
Pragmatism, Expediency, and Principled Commitment......Page 345
Conclusions......Page 346
References......Page 347
The Self in Moral Psychology......Page 351
Personological Approaches to the Moral Self\n......Page 352
The Moral Exemplar Method......Page 353
The Moral Prototype Method......Page 354
Moral Self-importance......Page 355
Moral Chronicity......Page 356
A Social Psychological Approach to the Moral Self: Dynamic Moral Self-Regard......Page 357
Moral Credentials: The Licensing Effect of Secure Moral Self-Regard......Page 358
Moral Resentment: When Others Threaten Moral Self-Regard......Page 360
Conclusion......Page 361
References......Page 362
16 The Double-Edged Sword of a Moral State of Mind......Page 365
An Integrated Theory of Moral Conviction......Page 368
Intolerance......Page 370
Conflict Management......Page 373
Authority Independence......Page 376
Conclusions and Implications......Page 380
References......Page 382
17 Moral Identity in Business Situations: A Social-Cognitive Framework for Understanding Moral Functioning......Page 385
A Social-Cognitive Definition of Moral Identity......Page 386
Moral Identity in a Social-Cognitive Framework......Page 389
Situational Influences on the Salience of Moral Identity......Page 392
Evidence for a Social-Cognitive Model of Moral Functioning......Page 395
Moral Identity in the Domain of Business......Page 399
Future Directions for Research......Page 400
References......Page 402
18 The Moral Functioning of Mature Adults and the Possibility of Fair Moral Reasoning......Page 406
The Program......Page 409
The Theories and Some Findings......Page 410
Moral Reasoning and Reflection according to Biological-Cognitive Scientists......Page 421
The Need for Moral Reasons, Reasoning, and Reflection......Page 429
The Moral Landscape of the Mature Adult......Page 434
The Characteristics and Study of the Morally Mature Adult......Page 440
Summary and Concluding Reflections......Page 445
References......Page 446
Themes......Page 451
Questions......Page 452
Futures......Page 454
References......Page 458
Author Index......Page 459
Subject Index......Page 461