Toxicological profiles - Silver

TOXICOLOGICAL PROFILE FOR SILVER......Page 1
CONTENTS......Page 5
DISCLAIMER......Page 2
FOREWORD......Page 3
LIST OF FIGURES......Page 8
LIST OF TABLES......Page 9
1.1 WHAT IS SILVER?......Page 10
1.4 HOW CAN SILVER AFFECT MY HEALTH?......Page 11
1.5 WHAT LEVELS OF EXPOSURE HAVE RESULTED IN HARMFUL HEALTH EFFECTS?......Page 12
1.7 WHAT RECOMMENDATIONS HAS THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT MADE TO PROTECT HUMAN HEALTH?......Page 13
2.1 INTRODUCTION......Page 25
2.2.1.1 Death......Page 26
2.2.1.2 Systemic Effects......Page 27
2.2.2.1 Death......Page 29
2.2.2.2 Systemic Effects......Page 30
2.2.2.4 Neurological Effects......Page 35
2.2.3.1 Death......Page 36
2.2.3.2 Systemic Effects......Page 37
2.3.1.1 Inhalation Exposure......Page 40
2.3.1.2 Oral Exposure......Page 41
2.3.1.3 Dermal Exposure......Page 42
2.3.2.2 Oral Exposure......Page 45
2.3.2.4 Other Routes of Exposure......Page 46
2.3.4.1 Inhalation Exposure......Page 49
2.3.4.4 Other Routes of Exposure......Page 50
2.4 RELEVANCE TO PUBLIC HEALTH......Page 51
2.5 BIOMARKERS OF EXPOSURE AND EFFECT......Page 57
2.5.1 Biomarkers Used to Identify or Quantify Exposure to Silver......Page 62
2.6 INTERACTIONS WITH OTHER CHEMICALS......Page 63
2.8.1 Existing Information on Health Effects of Silver......Page 64
2.8.2 Identification of Data Needs......Page 66
2.8.3 On-going Studies......Page 69
3.2 PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES......Page 70
4.2 IMPORT......Page 97
4.4 DISPOSAL......Page 98
5.1 OVERVIEW......Page 99
5.2.3 Soil......Page 100
5.3.1 Transport and Partitioning......Page 102
5.3.2.2 Water......Page 103
5.4.2 Water......Page 104
5.4.3 Soil......Page 105
5.5 GENERAL POPULATION AND OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE......Page 106
5.6 POPULATIONS WITH POTENTIALLY HIGH EXPOSURES......Page 107
5.7.1 Identification of Data Needs......Page 108
6. ANALYTICAL METHODS......Page 110
6.1 BIOLOGICAL MATERIALS......Page 111
6.2 ENVIRONMENTAL SAMPLES......Page 127
6.3 ADEQUACY OF THE DATABASE......Page 128
7. REGULATIONS AND ADVISORIES......Page 129
8. REFERENCES......Page 136
Adsorption Coefficient (Koc)......Page 168
Lethal Concentration(......Page 169
Reference Dose (RfD)......Page 170
Peer Review......Page 171
User’s Guide......Page 172
Acronyms, Abbreviations, and Symbols......Page 177