Toxicological profiles - Radon

TOXICOLOGICAL PROFILE FOR RADON......Page 1
CONTENTS......Page 5
DISCLAIMER......Page 2
FOREWORD......Page 3
LIST OF FIGURES......Page 8
LIST OF TABLES......Page 9
1.1 WHAT IS RADON?......Page 10
1.4 HOW CAN RADON AFFECT MY HEALTH?......Page 11
1.7 WHAT RECOMMENDATIONS HAS THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT MADE TO PROTECT HUMAN HEALTH?......Page 12
2.1 INTRODUCTION......Page 21
2.2 DISCUSSION OF HEALTH EFFECTS BY ROUTE OF EXPOSURE......Page 23
2.2.1.1 Death......Page 24
2.2.1.2 Systemic Effects......Page 32
2.2.1.6 Reproductive Effects......Page 35
2.2.1.8 Cancer......Page 36
2.2.2.1 Death......Page 39
2.2.3.3 Immunological Effects......Page 40
2.2.4.2 Systemic Effects......Page 41
2.3 TOXICOKINETICS......Page 42
2.3.1.1 Inhalation Exposure......Page 43
2.3.1.3 Dermal Exposure......Page 44
2.3.2.2 Oral Exposure......Page 45
2.3.4.1 Inhalation Exposure......Page 46
2.3.4.3 Dermal Exposure......Page 47
2.4 RELEVANCE TO PUBLIC HEALTH......Page 48
2.5.1 Biomarkers Used to Identify or Quantify Exposure to Radon......Page 55
2.6 INTERACTIONS WITH OTHER CHEMICALS......Page 56
2.8 ADEQUACY OF THE DATABASE......Page 58
2.8.1 Existing Information on Health Effects of Radon......Page 59
2.8.2 Identification of Data Needs......Page 61
2.8.3 On-going Studies......Page 65
3.2 PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES......Page 67
4.3 USE......Page 76
5.1 OVERVIEW......Page 77
5.2.1 Air......Page 79
5.3.1 Transport and Partitioning......Page 80
5.4.1 Air......Page 83
5.4.2 Water......Page 84
5.4.4 Other Media......Page 85
5.5 GENERAL POPULATION AND OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE......Page 86
5.7 ADEQUACY OF THE DATABASE......Page 88
5.7.1 Identification of Data Needs......Page 89
5.7.2 On-going Studies......Page 90
6.1 BIOLOGICAL MATERIALS......Page 91
6.2 ENVIRONMENTAL SAMPLES......Page 92
6.3.1 Identification of Data Needs......Page 100
7. REGULATIONS AND ADVISORIES......Page 101
8. REFERENCES......Page 111
Developmental Toxicity......Page 127
Mutagen......Page 128
Teratogen......Page 129
OVERVIEW OF BASIC RADIATION PHYSICS, CHEMISTRY AND BIOLOGY......Page 130
B.1 RADIONUCLIDES AND RADIOACTIVITY......Page 131
B.2.2 Half-Life and Activity......Page 132
B.2.3 Interaction of Radiation with Matter......Page 135
B.2.4 Characteristics of Emitted Radiation......Page 136
B.3 ESTIMATION OF ENERGY DEPOSITION IN HUMAN TISSUES......Page 138
B.3.2 Dosimetry Models......Page 139
B.3.3 Internal Emitters......Page 140
B.4.2 Radiation Effects at the Organ Level......Page 141
B.4.3 Acute and Chronic Somatic Effects......Page 142
B.5 UNITS IN RADIATION PROTECTION AND REGULATION......Page 143
References......Page 151