The Albanian Linguistic Journey from Ancient Illyricum to EU - "Lexical Borrowings"

Table of Contents
List of illustrations .................................................................................................................... iii
Acknowledgments.......................................................................................................................v
Guide to the reader.................................................................................................................... vi
A. Abbreviations ................................................................................................................... vi
B. Symbols..............................................................................................................................6
1 Introduction.........................................................................................................................1
1.1 Problem description ......................................................................................................2
1.2 Aim...............................................................................................................................2
2 Historical background .........................................................................................................3
3 Albanian as an Indo-European language ..............................................................................6
3.1 Albanian-PIE phonological correspondences.................................................................8
3.2 The origin controversy ................................................................................................10
3.3 Albanian Standard Language.......................................................................................12
3.4 Dialects of Albanian....................................................................................................14
4 Lexical borrowing .............................................................................................................16
4.1 Definition of lexical borrowing ...................................................................................17
4.2 Characteristics of Borrowings .....................................................................................20
4.3 Motivation for lexical borrowing.................................................................................21
4.4 Effects of borrowing ...................................................................................................22
4.5 What is a Loanword? ..................................................................................................22
4.5.1 Direct Loans ........................................................................................................23
4.5.2 Indirect Loans ......................................................................................................23
4.6 Borrowings from Greek (8th BC to 146 BC) ...............................................................24
4.7 Borrowings from Latin................................................................................................26
ii
4.8 Borrowings during the Byzantine period .....................................................................28
4.9 Borrowings from Turkish............................................................................................32
4.10 Borrowings from Italian ..........................................................................................35
4.11 Borrowings from English.........................................................................................36
5 Conclusion ........................................................................................................................38
5.1 Summary and conclusion ............................................................................................38
5.2 Future Research ..........................................................................................................39
Works Cited..............................................................................................................................40
Appendices ...............................................................................................................................43
Appendix A- Albanian-PIE phonological correspondences....................................................43
Appendix B- Indo-E