Sport and the Color Line: Black Athletes and Race Relations in Twentieth Century America

BOOK COVER......Page 1
HALF-TITLE......Page 2
TITLE......Page 4
COPYRIGHT......Page 5
CONTENTS......Page 6
PREFACE......Page 8
INTRODUCTION......Page 10
I  SPORT AND COMMUNITY IN THE ERA OF JIM CROW......Page 15
1  SPORT AND BLACK PITTSBURGH, 1900–1930......Page 17
THE MAKING OF A BLACK COMMUNITY......Page 18
THE EVOLUTION OF A BLACK SPORTING LIFE......Page 21
BUILDING A SPORTING NETWORK FROM THE OUTSIDE......Page 22
THE CITY AND THE ORGANIZED PLAY MOVEMENT......Page 23
SOCIAL AGENCIES AND SETTLEMENT HOUSES......Page 24
INDUSTRIAL SPORT AND RECREATION......Page 28
BACKING OFF: THE DECLINE OF EXTERNAL INFLUENCE......Page 36
NOTES......Page 39
2  BLACK ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN THE NATIONAL PASTIME......Page 44
GHETTOIZATION AND THE RISE OF SEMIPROFESSIONAL BASEBALL......Page 45
THE LELAND GIANTS BASEBALL AND AMUSEMENT ASSOCIATION......Page 51
INTERNAL DIVISION AND A SECOND FAILED LEAGUE......Page 53
FROM PLAYER-MANAGER TO DOMINANT PROMOTER......Page 57
NOTES......Page 61
3  YEAR OF THE COMET......Page 67
NOTES......Page 85
4  “A GENERAL UNDERSTANDING”......Page 88
NOTES......Page 107
5  “WE WERE LADIES, WE JUST PLAYED LIKE BOYS”......Page 113
NOTES......Page 128
6  A SPECIAL TYPE OF DISCIPLINE......Page 134
NOTES......Page 155
II  THE ORDEAL OF DESEGREGATION......Page 159
7  JOE LOUIS......Page 162
JOE LOUIS BECOMES A MAN......Page 164
JOE LOUIS BECOMES A GREAT DEPRESSION HERO......Page 167
JOE LOUIS BECOMES A WORLD WAR II HERO......Page 174
THE CHAMP IS DEAD, LONG LIVE THE CHAMP......Page 181
NOTES......Page 184
8  “END JIM CROW IN SPORTS”......Page 186
NOTES......Page 206
9  JACKIE ROBINSON......Page 210
NOTES......Page 234
10  MORE THAN A GAME......Page 237
NOTES......Page 253
11  “CINDERELLAS” OF SPORT......Page 261
NOTES......Page 282
12  JIM CROW IN THE GYMNASIUM......Page 288
NOTES......Page 306
13  CIVIL RIGHTS ON THE GRIDIRON......Page 310
NOTES......Page 325
III  IMAGES OF THE BLACK ATHLETE AND THE RACIAL POLITICS OF SPORT......Page 330
14  EDWIN BANCROFT HENDERSON, AFRICAN-AMERICAN ATHLETES, AND THE WRITING OF SPORT HISTORY......Page 332
NOTES......Page 349
15  THE GREATEST......Page 354
NOTES......Page 370
16  THE SPORTS SPECTACLE, MICHAEL JORDAN, AND NIKE......Page 372
THE SPORTS SPECTACLE......Page 373
THE SPECTACLE OF MICHAEL JORDAN......Page 376
MICHAEL JORDAN AND THE SPORTS/RACE SPECTACLE......Page 378
MICHAEL JORDAN, NIKE, AND THE COMMODITY SPECTACLE......Page 384
THIRD COMING, SEX SCANDALS, AND THE CONTRADICTIONS OF THE SPECTACLE......Page 387
CONTRADICTIONS OF MICHAEL JORDAN......Page 390
READING JORDAN CRITICALLY......Page 391
NOTES......Page 393
17  THE ANATOMY OF SCIENTIFIC RACISM......Page 397
THE HISTORY OF RACIAL RANKING......Page 400
RESPONSES TO THE RACIAL “SCIENTISTS”......Page 406
RECENT DEVELOPMENTS......Page 410
NOTES......Page 414
18  CRISIS OF BLACK ATHLETES ON THE EVE OF THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY......Page 419
FURTHER READING......Page 426
CONTRIBUTORS......Page 441
PERMISSION ACKNOWLEDGMENTS......Page 445
INDEX......Page 447