Medical Semiology Guide of the Renal System

Cover
MEDICAL SEMIOLOGY GUIDE OF THE RENAL SYSTEM
Copyright
About the Author
	Manuela Stoicescu
Motto
Thank you all my students!
Scientific Activity
	ACCOMPLISHMENTS
		Publications 51
	BOOKS 7
	PUBLICATIONS 56
		CONFERENCES 2018
		CONFERENCES 2019
Introduction
	The History of the Patient
	1 PERSONAL DATA
	2 PLACE OF BIRTH AND HOME (ADDRESS)
	3 ALLERGY?
	4 THE REASON FOR HOSPITALIZATION
		4 Example No. 1
		4 Example No. 2
		4 Example No. 3
		4 Example No. 4
	5 THE HISTORY OF THE CURRENT DISEASE
	6 FAMILY HISTORY
	7 PERSONAL PATHOLOGICAL HISTORY
	8 PERSONAL PHYSIOLOGICAL ANTECEDENTS
	9 LIFE CONDITIONS
		A The housing conditions
		B Eating
		Toxic consumptions
			C Alcohol consumption
			C Smoking
			C Coffee
			C Drugs
	10 WORKING CONDITIONS
	11 GENERAL MANIFESTATIONS
1 - Questionnaire
	Macroscopic Hematuria
	Urinary Probe for Macroscopic Hematuria
	Two Big Stones in the Bladder of a Patient With Painful Hematuria
	Bladder Cancer—painless Hematuria
	Abnormal Urine
	Abnormal Urine
2 - The Symptoms of Kidney Disease
	2.1 The Pain—Lumbar Pain
		2.1.1 The Irradiation of Pain in Renal Colic
			The Irradiation of Pain in Renal Colic
	2.2 Macroscopic Hematuria
		2.2.1 The Stone in the Urine
		2.2.2 The Stone in the Urine Removed After Renal Colic
			Stone in the Urine Removed After Renal Colic
			Stone in the Urine Removed After Renal Colic
			Stone in the Urine Removed After Renal Colic
		2.2.3 The Shape of the Stone is Cylindrical
		2.2.4 Dark Color
			Hydronephrosis—Dilatation of the Renal Calyxes: Abdominal Echography
			The Normal Kidney
		2.2.5 Hydronephrosis—Dilatation of the Calyxes
		2.2.6 The Normal Kidney
		2.2.7 Hydronephrosis Degree III—Enlargement of the Bassinet
			Hydronephrosis Degree III
		2.2.8 Hydronephrosis Degree II
			Hydronephrosis Degree II
			Hydronephrosis Degree II
			The Normal Kidney
		2.2.9 Hydronephrosis Degree I
			Hydronephrosis Degree I
			Hydronephrosis Degree II
			Hydronephrosis Degree I
			Hydronephrosis Degree III
			The Normal Kidney
			Hydronephrosis Degree III
	2.3 Clinical Case
		Tattoo as Irradiation of the Pain in Left Renal Colic
3 - The Objective Examination
	3.1 Edema in Renal Diseases
	3.2 Pitted Edema—White and Soft
	3.3 Macroscopic Hematuria
	3.4 Eyelid Edema in the Morning
4 - The Objective Examination of the Kidney
	4.1 The Inspection
		4.1.1 Left Lumbar Scar
		4.1.2 Left Lumbar Scar after Left Nephrectomy
			Left Lumbar Scar after Left Nephrectomy
			Left Lumbar Scar after Left Nephrectomy
		4.1.3 Left Lumbar Scar after Left Nephrectomy - Eventration
		4.1.4 Lipoma Soft at Palpation
			Lipoma
		4.1.5 Enlarged Lipoma
			Enlarged Lipoma
		4.1.6 Glob Bladder
		4.1.7 Urinary Probing
	4.2 The Palpation of the Kidney
		4.2.1 Guyon Method—Bimanual Method
		4.2.2 Glenard Method—Monomanual Method
		4.2.3 Israel Method—Bimanual Method
	4.3 The Sensibility of Kidney
		4.3.1 Giordano Maneura
		4.3.2 Giordano Maneura of the Right Kidney
		4.3.3 Giordano Maneura of the Left Kidney
		4.3.4 Right Costovertebral Point
		4.3.5 Left Costovertebral Point
		4.3.6 Right Costomuscular Point
		4.3.7 Left Costomuscular Point
	4.4 The Ureteral Points
		4.4.1 Superior Ureteral Point – Bazin
		4.4.2 Medium Ureteral Point – Tourneaux
		4.4.3 Inferior Ureteral Point
	4.5 Palpation of the Bladder
	4.6 Rectal Touch
		4.6.1 Adenoma of the Prostate
		4.6.2 Cancer of the Prostate
	4.7 Urethral Palpation
	4.8 The Percussion of the Kidney
	4.9 Percussion of the Bladder
	4.10 The Auscultation of the Renal Artery Stenosis
5 - The Paraclinic Examination
	5.1 Examination of the Urine
		Collection of the Urine
		Macroscopic Examination
		5.1.1 The Volume of Urine
			5.1.1.1 Polyuria
			5.1.1.2 Oliguria
			5.1.1.3 Anuria
			5.1.1.4 Nocturia
			5.1.1.5 Equality between nocturnal and diurnal uresis
	5.2 The Macroscopic Urine Examination
		5.2.1 Urine Examination—Macroscopic Appearance of the Urine
			5.2.1.1 Concentrated Urine
			5.2.1.2 Dilute Urine
			5.2.1.3 Color of dilute urine
				Concentrated Urine
			5.2.1.4 Normal Color of Urine
			5.2.1.5 Concentrated Urine
				Concentrated Urine
			5.2.1.6 Dilute Urine
			5.2.1.7 Hyperchromic Urine—Choluric Urine
			5.2.1.8 Black Urine
				Black Urine
			5.2.1.9 Macroscopic Hematuria
			5.2.1.10 The three glass Test
				Macroscopic Hematuria
			5.2.1.11 Macroscopic Hematuria After Urinary Catheterization
			5.2.1.12 Choluric Urine due to Bilirubin
			5.2.1.13 Thick Urine
			5.2.1.14 Troubled Urine
				Troubled Urine
				Troubled Urine
			5.2.1.15 Black Urine
		5.2.2 The Physicochemical Examination of Urine
			5.2.2.1 Urine PH Test
			5.2.2.2 Urine Density
			5.2.2.3 Proteinuria
				5.2.2.3.1 Edema of the Legs
				5.2.2.3.2 Pitting Edema
				5.2.2.3.3 Ascites at Abdominal Echo
					Ascites at Abdominal Echo
				5.2.2.3.4 Macroscopic Urine
				5.2.2.3.5 Dipstick Test
				5.2.2.3.6 Dipstick Test Positive for Proteinuria
				5.2.2.3.7 Renal Edema
				5.2.2.3.8 Edema of the Eyelids in the Morning
				5.2.2.3.9 Edema of the Legs
					Edema of the Legs
				5.2.2.3.10 Push With the Thumb on Anterior Tibia
				5.2.2.3.11 Indentation—Pitting Edema
					Push With the Thumb on Anterior Tibia
					Indentations—Pitting Edema
				5.2.2.3.12 Edema of The Eyelids in the Morning
				5.2.2.3.13 Renal Edema
					Renal Edema
					Swelling of the eyelids in the morning
			5.2.2.4 Pyuria
				Doné Reaction
			5.2.2.5 Glycosuria
				Trommer Reaction
			5.2.2.6 Ketonuria
				Legal Reaction
			5.2.2.7 Bilirubinuria
			5.2.2.8 Urobilinogenuria
				Ehrlich’s Reagent
		5.2.3 Macroscopic Appearance of a Stone In Urine
	5.3 The Microscopic Urine Examination
		5.3.1 Red Blood Cells
		5.3.2 White Blood Cells
		5.3.3 Epithelial Cells
		5.3.4 Casts
			5.3.4.1 Acellular Casts
				5.3.4.1.1 Hyaline cast
				5.3.4.1.2 Waxy Casts
				5.3.4.1.3 Granular Casts
				5.3.4.1.4 Fatty Casts
				5.3.4.1.5 Pigment Casts
			5.3.4.2 Cellular Casts
				5.3.4.2.1 Red Cell Casts
				5.3.4.2.2 White Cell Casts
				5.3.4.2.3 Epithelial Cell Casts
		5.3.5 Crystals
			5.3.5.1 Urate Crystals
				Crystals From Urinary Sediment: Uric Acid
			5.3.5.2 Oxalate Calcium Crystals
			5.3.5.3 Phosphates Crystals
			5.3.5.4 Cholesterol Crystals
			5.3.5.5 Tyrosine Crystals
			5.3.5.6 Leucine Crystals
			5.3.5.7 Cystine Crystals
	5.4 Bacteriologic Examination of the Urine
		5.4.1 Urine culture positive with enterococcus
		5.4.2 Enterococcus Culture
		5.4.3 Nitriuria
6 - The Functional Exploration of the Kidney
	6.1 Plasmatic Examination
		6.1.1 Ureea
		6.1.2 Creatinina
		6.1.3 Uric Acid
		6.1.4 Electrolitic Substance
	6.2 Urine Examination
		6.2.1 Densimetry
			Preparation Two to Three Days Before
			On The Day Of The Test Miction From Every 3 H In Different Receptacles
			6.2.1.1 Normal
			6.2.1.2 Pathological Situations
			Paridensity
		6.2.2 Urine pH
	6.3 Comparing Evaluations Plasma-Urine
		6.3.1 Clearance of Creatinine
7. Morphological Investigations of The Kidney
	7.1 The Radiographic Examination
		7.1.1 Polycystic Kidney
		7.1.2 Tumor of the Kidney
		7.1.3 Hydronephrosis
		7.1.4 Congenital Kidney Hypoplasia
		7.1.5 Kidney Hypoplasia Renal Artery Stenosis
		7.1.6 Kidney Ptosis
		7.1.7 Kidney Calcifications
		7.1.8 Opaque Stones Calcium Oxalate
		7.1.9 Bilateral Kidneys Stones
			Bilateral Renal Stones
		7.1.10 Coraliforme Lithiasis
			Coraliform Stone
		7.1.11 Ureteral Stone
		7.1.12 Two Stones in Urinary Bladder
	7.2 Intravenous Urography
		7.2.1 Hydronephrosis and Hydroureter
		7.2.2 Lacuna Image Tumor of The Kidney
		7.2.3 Rigidly Narrow Kidney Tuberculosis
		7.2.4 Lack of Kidney Function
		7.2.5 Kidney Stone
		7.2.6 Normal Intravenous Urography
		7.2.7 More Beautiful Ureter
		7.2.8 Stone Inside of Urinary Bladder
		7.2.9 Bladder Carcinoma
	7.3 The Abdominal Ultrasound
		7.3.1 Normal Kidney
		7.3.2 Small Congenital Kidney
		7.3.3 Dilatations Of Calyxes
		7.3.4 Two Small Cavities
			Two Small Cavities
		7.3.5 Four Small Cavities
			Four Small Cavities
		7.3.6 One Small Cavity
			One Small Cavity
		7.3.7 Simple Kidney Cyst
		7.3.8 Enlarge Simple Kidney Cyst
		7.3.9 Two Simple Kidney Cysts
		7.3.10 Diammeter A And B Of The Simple Kidney Cyst
		7.3.11 Simple Enlarge Kidney Cyst
		7.3.12 Diammeter A of Kidney Cyst
		7.3.13 Vertical Diammeter of Kidney Cyst
		7.3.14 Oblique Cyst Diammeter
		7.3.15 Abdominal Ultrasound Polycystic Kidney
		7.3.16 The Abdominal Ultrasound Kidney Stone
	7.4 Kidney Arteriography
	7.5 Computed Tomography
		7.5.1 Renal Cell Carcinoma
		7.5.2 Renal Abscess
		7.5.3 Perirenal Hematoma
	7.6 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
		7.6.1 Renal Cell Carcinoma
	7.7 The Renal Biopsy
	7.8 Clinical Cases of the Kidney
		7.8.1 Clinical Case No. 1
			Macroscopic Hematuria
			Abdominal Ultrasound—Polycystic Kidneys
			Brother’s Abdominal Ultrasound—Polycystic Kidneys
			The Diagnosis of the Patient
			Polycystic Kidneys
		7.8.2 Clinical Case No. 2
			Abdominal Ultrasound: Enlarged Simple Kidney Cyst
			Abdominal Ultrasound Enlarged Simple Kidney Cyst
		7.8.3 Clinical case No. 3
			Macroscopic Hematuria
			Abdominal Ultrasound—Left Kidney Hydronephrosis
		7.8.4 Clinical case No. 4
			Giordano Maneuver Positive at the Left Kidney
			Left Costovertebral Point Sensitive
			Superior Ureteral Point Bazin
			Medium Urethral Point Tourneaux Negative
			The Abdominal Ultrasound
			The Urography
			The Macroscopic Appearance of the Stone
		7.8.5 Clinical Case No. 5
			Scar in Left Lumbar Area
		7.8.6 Clinical Case No. 6
		7.8.7 Clinical Case No. 7
			Upper Eyelid Edema in the Morning
			Swelling of the Lower Limbs
			Indentation—Pitting Edema
			Indentations—Pitting Edema
			The Abdominal Ultrasound—Small Quantity of Free Fluid Inside the Abdominal Cavity—Ascites
		7.8.8 Clinical Case No. 8
			Edema of the Lower Limbs
			Upper Eyelids Edema in the Morning—Green Makeup Pencil
			Upper Eyelids Edema in the Morning—Green Makeup Pencil
			Indentation
			The Abdominal Ultrasound Free Fluid—Ascites
			The Macroscopic Urine Examination
			The Microscopic Examination
		7.8.9 Clinical Case No. 9
			Swelling of the Upper and Lower Eyelids in the Morning
			The Lower Limbs of the Patient—Without Edema
		7.8.10 Clinical Case No. 10
			Macroscopic Hematuria
			The Abdominal Ultrasound—Dorsal recumbent—Big Stone in the Bladder
			The Abdominal Ultrasound—Left Lateral recumbent—Stone in the Bladder
		7.8.11 Clinical Case No. 11
			Adenoma of Prostate and Gall Bladder
			Adenoma of Prostate After Evacuation of the Bladder by Urinary Catheterization
Index
	A
	B
	C
	D
	E
	F
	G
	H
	I
	K
	L
	M
	N
	O
	P
	R
	S
	T
	U
	V
	W
	Z
Back Cover