Landscapes and Artefacts: Studies in East Anglian Archaeology Presented to Andrew Rogerson

Cover\nTitle\nCopyright page\nContents\nList of Contributors\nAcknowledgements\nIntroduction\n	Tom Williamson, Steven Ashley and Adrian Marsden\n		Figures: Clockwise from centre left: AR Shovelling at Wallingford; on scaffolding; at Wicken Bonhunt (all 1972); examining Thetford-ware pottery from Group Captain Knocker’s excavations at Thetford (1979) and recording a section with S. Ashley at Guestwick Church\nList of Publications by Andrew Rogerson\n	Compiled by Steven Ashley\nDigging a Saxon cemetery\n	Anthony Thwaite\nLate Bronze Age finds from Banyard’s Hall,\n	Andrew J. Lawson\n		Fig. 1 Sketch plan of the Bunwell hoard\n		Fig. 2 The Bunwell hoard Scale 1:2\n		Fig. 3 Objects ‘found at Carleton Rode...’ lithograph by Henry Ninham\nA Late Bronze Age hoard from Feltwell\n	Alan West\n		Fig. 1 Location of the Feltwell II Hoard, showing its spread and a plan of the excavated part of the hoard\n		Fig. 2 Palstave, socketed axes, socketed gouge and a socketed knife. Catalogue Nos. 1-6\n		Fig. 3 Socketed chisels, awl, socketed axe fragments, stone, complete ingot and a socketed gouge. Catalogue Nos. 7-15 (12-13 drawn by Jason Gibbons,\n		Fig. 4 Distribution map of Late Bronze-Age hoards in Norfolk\n		Table 1\n		Graph 1\n		Table 2 Late Bronze-Age Hoards from Norfolk\nThe Boudica Code: recognising a ‘symbolic logic’within Iron Age material culture\n	John Davies\n		Fig. 1 Icenian Pattern-horse type silver unit (Copyright Norfolk Museums Service)\n		Fig. 2 Triplet symbol, as used on a pair of linch pins from Norfolk (Copyright Norfolk Museums Service)\n		Fig. 3 Icenian Boar-horse type silver unit (Copyright Norfolk Museums Service)\n		Fig. 5 Mark on the right shoulder of the boar figurine from Ashmanhaugh (Copyright Norfolk Museums Service)\n		Fig. 4 Icenian Norfolk Wolf type gold quarter stater (Copyright Norfolk Museums Service)\n		Fig. 6 Notch on the right ear of the boar figurine from Ashmanhaugh\n		Fig. 7 The Icenian Boar-horse silver unit, with a pellet on the right shoulder\nSome Roman brooches from Scole and elsewhere\n	Jude Plouviez\n		Fig 1 Examples of the different groups of Colchester derivative brooches from Suffolk, scale 1:1\n		Fig 2 Scole 1 brooches, from Scole, Whitton, Great Walsingham, Hacheston, Wenhaston and Coddenham, scale 1:1\n		Fig 3 Scole 2 brooches from Scole, West Stow, Usk, Somersham, Alderton and\n		Fig 4 The distribution of Scole 1 brooches\n		Fig 5 The distribution of Scole 2 brooches in East Anglia. Open squares are Roman towns, small towns and similar large settlements\n		Appendix\n			Table 1  Scole 1 brooches\n			Table 2 Scole 2 brooches\nSatyrs, leopards, riders and ravens: Anthropomorphic and Zoomorphic objects from Roman Norfolk:\nAdrian Marsden\n	Fig. 1, 1 Felmingham hoard, 2 Head of a deity (Trustees of the British Museum), 5 Goat, Great Walsingham. 6 Cockerels, Great Walsingham (Norfolk Museums Service), 9 Items from the Thetford Treasure (Trustees of the British Museum), 10 Mercury, Wicklewood\n	Fig. 2, 3 Religious material from Great Walsingham, 4 Mercury, Great Walsingham, 7 Flat-backed Mercury, Hockwold, 8 Mercury mount, Caistor St Edmund (All NMS), 23 Goat, South Walsham (NHES), 35 Faunus head, Elsing, 48 Griffin head staff terminal, Wickmere\n	Map 1 Distribution of Mercury statuettes\n	Fig. 3, 12-3 Mars from Ingoldisthorpe and Beighton. 14 Satyr, Ashby-with-Oby, 15 Probable satyr, Banham, 16 Unidentified god, Acle, 17 Head, Brampton, 18 Fragment of leg, Acle (All HES),\n	Fig. 4, 20 Panther, Hainford, 21 Cat, Swanton Morley, 22 Goat, Quidenham, 24 Cockerel, Paston, 25 Cockerel with suspension loop, Scole, 26-9 Corvids from Paston, Burgh and Tuttington,\n	Map 2 Distribution of raven mounts\n	Fig. 5. 30 Child satyr’s head steelyard weight, Burgh Castle, 31 Key handle in the form of a lion mauling a man, Brampton (NMS), 32 Folding knife handle in the shape of a boar, Ditchingham (not to scale, length 51mm)\n	Fig. 6, 36 Faunus escutcheon, Feltwell, 37 Vessel mount, Kenninghall, 38 Vessel mount, Cawston, 39 Mount, Caistor St Edmund, 40 Head of Faunus, Ormesby, 41 Mercury head, Woodbastwick, 42 Probable Jupiter head mount, Thorpe, 43 Medusa head mount, Beeston-w\n	Map 3 Distribution of Faunus mounts\n	Fig. 7, 45 Satyr’s head strap slide, Bracon Ash (length 26mm), 46 leopard head strap slide, Norwich area (length 18mm), 47 Horse head, Bracon Ash, 49 Stag’s head staff terminal, Attleborough, 50 Leopard brooch, Bracon Ash, 51 Horse brooch, Hockwold, 52 Bo\n	Map 4 Distribution of hare brooches\n	Map 5 Distribution of duck brooches\n	Map 6 Distribution of cockerel brooches\n	Map 7 Distribution of horse and rider brooches\nIcklingham: a provocative view of a centre of wealth and power in western East Anglia\n	Stanley West\n		Fig. 1 Map of Norfolk, Suffolk and Cambridgeshire showing sites referred to in the text,\n‘Spong Man’ in context\n	Catherine Hills\n		Fig. 1 Spong Man (Norfolk Historic Environment Service)\n		Fig. 2 Drawing of C2146 with Spong Man positioned as lid (Drawings by Kenneth Penn, scanned and edited by Andrew Hall)\n		Fig. 3 C2531 with lid in ground\n		Fig. 4 C2309 crushed in situ\n		Fig. 5 Examples of pots with flat (1778) and ‘teapot’ (1085) lids (Drawings Kenneth Penn, scanned and edited by Andrew Hall)\n		Fig. 6 Site distribution map of lids at Spong Hill (Drawing by Andrew Hall)\nThe Anglo-Saxon cemetery at Morning Thorpe: further thoughts\n	Kenneth Penn\n		Table 1. A national sample: age at death: % of weapon burials with shields (after Dickinson and Härke 1992)\n		Table 2. Groups A-E: % at Morning Thorpe\n		Fig 1\n		Table 3. Group A: weapon burials (longest at top) (K Knife, B Buckle, tw  tweezers, PM  Pursemount)\n		Table 4. Group B: Furnished females (longest graves at top, ‘short graves’ shaded) (Brooches A Annular, SL Small-long, C  Cruciform, C5 Cruciform Group 5, SQ  Square-head ; WC Wristclasp, K Knife, B  Buckle, O  Ring, GH Girdlehanger, Ae Bronze, Ag Silver)\n		Table 5. Group C: neutral burials (longest at top, ‘short graves’ shaded)\n		Table 6. Group D: unfurnished burials (longest graves at top, ‘short graves’ shaded)\n		Fig 2\n		Table 7. Group B: furnished females: burials with slip-knots, and ‘beads only’ burials\n		Table 8. Provision of knife, buckle and ring\n		Fig 3\n		Fig 4\n		Table 9. ‘Short Graves’ (below 1.5m): in each Group (%)\n		Table 10. ‘Short Graves’: identified skeletal remains\n		Fig 5\n		Table 11. Groups A, B, C and E: pots and decoration\n		Table 12. Graves with ‘elaborate’ vessels (selected)\n		Table 13. Cremations\n		Fig 6\n		Table 14. Estimated population groups\nThe compleat Anglo-Saxonist: some new and neglected: Early Anglo-Saxon fish for Andrew Rogerson\n	Helen Geake\n		Fig. 1 Partly gilded silver fish from East Walton, Norfolk (NMS-AA0858). Drawn by J. Gibbons (Norfolk Historic Environment Service). Scale 1:1\n		Fig. 2 Tinned copper-alloy fish from the largest hanging bowl in Mound 1, Sutton Hoo, Suffolk (after Bruce-Mitford 1983, fig. 175; © Trustees of the British Museum). Scale 1:1\n		Fig. 3 Front, side and reverse of copper-alloy buckle from Grave 19, Eccles, Kent (after Detsicas and Hawkes 1973, reproduced with permission) Scale 1:1\n		Fig. 4 Copper-alloy buckle from Foxton, Cambridgeshire, and detail of fish appliqué (after Fox 1924). Scales 1:1 and 2:1 respectively\n		Fig. 5 Fish stamped on a repair patch from a bead-rimmed bowl found at Gilton, Kent, lost in the bombing of Liverpool Museum (after Roach Smith 1844). Not to scale: length of fish c. 20mm\n		Fig. 6 Fish-shaped object, perhaps an appliqué from a hanging bowl, found at Barham, Suffolk (© Suffolk County Council). Scale 1:1\n		Fig. 7 Garnet-set silver fish-shaped object, perhaps a brooch, from Westbere, Kent, c. 80mm long (after Jessup 1946, pl. II.6, reproduced with permission)\n		Fig. 8 Fish-between-birds motifs on objects from (a) Faversham (after Smith 1923, fig. 42) (b) Coddenham (drawn by D. Wreathall; © Suffolk County Council) (c) Kingston Down grave 161 (drawn by M. Cox, © Oxford University, Institute of Archaeology) (d) Mar\n		Fig. 9 Predatory bird and prey bird, from the purse lid found in Mound 1 at Sutton Hoo. Scale 1:1\n		Fig. 10 Silver fish from East Walton, Norfolk (NMS-AA0858).\n		Fig. 12 Buckle with gold fish appliqué from Crundale, Kent (© Trustees of the British Museum). Scale 1:1\n		Fig. 13 Buckle of gilded silver from Littlebourne, Kent (KENT-50B745) with engraved fish motif (© Canterbury Museums). Scale approximately 1:1\n		Fig. 15 Fish-shaped brooch from Saffron Walden, Essex (ESS-C4EB33; © Portable Antiquities Scheme). Scale 1:1\n		Fig. 11 Fish from Ballyalton, Co. Down, made from gold foil over a copper-alloy core (© National Museums Northern Ireland). Scale 1:1\n		Fig. 14 Fish-shaped object, perhaps an appliqué from a hanging bowl, found at Barham,Suffolk (© Trustees of the British Museum). Scale 1:1\n		Fig. 16 Roman fish-shaped brooch from Piercebridge, Co. Durham (NCL-36DF13; © Portable Antiquities Scheme). Length 41mm, scale 1:1\n		Fig. 18 Gold fish appliqués from the Staffordshire Hoard (© Portable Antiquities Scheme).\n		Fig. 19 Fish-between-birds motifs on objects from the Staffordshire Hoard (© Portable Antiquities Scheme).\n		Fig. 17 Small gold fish-shaped plaque from Westleton, Suffolk (SF-1DC2A2; © Portable Antiquities Scheme). Scale 1:1\nThe Wickham Skeith, Thwaite or Campsey Ash coin hoard –  the true location and possible context of a major Late Saxon coin hoard\n	Edward Martin\n		Fig. 1 Map showing the location of the main places mentioned in the text. The hoard findspot is marked by a star.\n		Fig. 2 Extract from the Ordnance Survey first-edition map of 1886 showing the findspot of the hoard (ringed). Inset is an extract from the Wickham Skeith tithe map of 1838 that shows part of the same area; the arrow points to the hoard findspot on both ma\n		Fig. 3 View of the findspot, looking south, with Mendlesham church tower in the far distance.\nNorwich before Norwich: an exploration of the pre-urban landscape of the medieval city\n	Brian Ayers\n		Fig. 1 Map of central Norwich with place and street-names mentioned in the text\n		Fig. 2 Widening of the Wensum after 1912\n		Fig. 3 Topographical indicators for the outflow of the Muspole stream\nBawsey – a ‘productive’ site in west Norfolk\n	Tim Pestell\n		Fig. 1 Contour data showing Bawsey and surrounding land (Pete Watkins)\n		Fig. 2 The church of Bawsey St James on its hilltop site surrounded by the earthwork enclosure, from the north-west, 17/7/89 (Photograph DA Edwards, courtesy Norfolk Historic Environment Service)\n		Fig. 3 A selection of Anglo-Saxon finds from Bawsey (all copper-alloy unless otherwise stated). 1-3: styli, eraser 3 made of silver; 4: trial-piece disc brooch; 5-6: hooked tags, 5 made of silver with niello inlay; 7-11: hanging bowl fragments, 11 that of\n		Fig. 4 Features across the site located in geophysical survey conducted by Time Team, August 1998 (GSB Prospection/John Gater)\n		Fig. 5 The ‘enclosure’ apparently added to the north of the surrounding earthwork as revealed through geophysics, Area ‘B’ (GSB Prospection/John Gater)\n		Fig. 6 Archaeological features revealed to the east of the parish church by geophysics, Area ‘E’\n		Fig. 7 Summary plan showing location of work by Time Team, August 1998. The main alpha-numeric site grid used for the fieldwalking and metal-detection is shown, as are the geophysics areas and the location of all evaluation trenches (Pete Bellamy)\n		Fig. 8 Trench 9 from the south, showing the waterlogged base (Photograph Time Team)\n		Fig. 9 The Flemish floortile surface exposed in the chancel with the brick-edging for a step to its east. The remains of the chancel south wall can be seen to the right of the photo, while Fairweather’s re-opened 1930 excavation trench is the dark curved\n		Fig. 10 The graves and settlement evidence revealed in Trench 5. The sondage excavated beneath Grave 538, revealing Skeleton 541, is shown to the left (Pete Bellamy)\n		Fig. 11 The suggested clay-lined oven 503 in Trench 5, from the south (Photograph Time Team)\n		Fig. 12. Pottery from the Time Team excavations and fieldwalking. 1: Stamped Thetford ware; 2-15: Thetford-Grimston type ware jars and bowls. Jar 14 features roulette-stamped decoration on both the rim side and top; 17-19: Unglazed Grimston ware jars; 20:\n		Fig. 13 Possible sword-wound chop to the skull of Skeleton 512. (Photograph Sue Anderson)\n		Fig. 14 Proportions of pottery recovered in fieldwalking (a) by sherd count (b) by weight (author)\n		Fig. 15 Comparison of the sceatta finds from Bawsey, Caistor St Edmund, Coddenham and Barham, top as histograms (adapted from EMC plots) and bottom as proportions of sceatta types (author)\n		Fig. 16 (a) A possible æstel from Bawsey found in metal-detection, compared with a typical Middle Anglo-Saxon polyhedral-headed pin from Sedgeford. (b) detail of side showing the animal-headed terminal\n		Fig. 17 Parish boundaries around Bawsey (author)\n		Fig. 18 Anglo-Saxon grave-cover fragments from Bawsey church reused as voussoirs in the Norman period. Scale: 10cm divisions (Drawn by Steven Ashley)\n		Fig. 19 East Anglia and key sites from the seventh and eighth centuries mentioned in the text (author)\nThe Franshams in context: isolated churches and common edge drift\n	Tom Williamson\n		Fig. 1 The three counties discussed in this chapter – Norfolk, Hertfordshire, and Northamptonshire -\n		Fig. 2 The development of the landscape around Westland Green, Little Hadham, Hertfordshire. Even a cursory inspection shows that Westland Green and Pig’s Green were once a single block of common grazing (a and b), and further intakes into a once much lar\n		Fig. 3 The morphology of neighbouring villages in Northamptonshire. Denton (top) has a small green, the principal encroachment on which is a chapel-of-ease and associated graveyard. Yardley has a number of small greens, connected by winding roads, which a\n		Fig. 4 Hypothetical regression of the plan of Wappenham, Northamptonshire. (a), The village in the nineteenth century; (b), with central ‘ovoids’ of houses removed; (c) with further removals,\n		Fig. 5 Church location and soils in south Norfolk. 1. – Newport 3 Association (acid gravels). 2. – Mendham Association (peat). 3. - Burlingham Association (lighter clay soils); 4. – Beccles Association (heavier clays soils). 5. – Beccles soils on level pl\n		Fig. 6 Churches and settlement in Hertfordshire. Top left – Domesday churches and population density (for method of calculation, see Rowe and Williamson 2013). Top right: Domesday churches and geology. Bottom left - the distribution of ‘isolated’, ‘periph\nThe Elmhams re-visited\n	Stephen Heywood\n		Fig. 1: a. The Minster South Elmham, Suffolk (after Smedley and Owles 1970), b. Brook Church, Kent (after Rigold 1969), c. Bishop’s Chapel, North Elmham, Norfolk\n		Fig. 2 South Elmham Minster. Looking east from within tower (Stephen Heywood)\n		Fig. 3 Susteren Abbey, Holland. Tower arches\n		Fig. 4 Church of Hastière-Par-Dela\n		Fig. 5 Bishop’s Chapel, North Elmham. General view from south east (Stephen Heywood)\n		Fig. 6 Bishop’s Chapel, North Elmham. West jamb of North doorway. Drawing showing drawbar hole\n		Fig. 7 Bishop’s Chapel, North Elmham. Detail of quadrant pilaster (Stephen Heywood)\n		Fig. 8 Church of Haddiscoe Thorpe. Quadrant pilaster (Stephen Heywood)\n		Fig. 9 Norwich Cathedral. Reconstruction drawing of east end (Steven Ashley)\nGreat Dunham church and its eleventh-century context\n	T.A. Heslop\n		Fig. 1 Great Dunham church, exterior from the south west\n		Fig. 2 Great Dunham church, interior from the west\n		Fig. 3 Schematic plan of Great Dunham church, showing the measurements and proportional system used in laying out the foundations (Digital drawing by Andrew Hall)\n		Fig. 4 Great Dunham church, impost block in the blind arcading of the nave (1)\n		Fig. 5 Great Dunham church, impost block in the blind arcading of the nave (2)\n		Fig. 6 Houghton-on-the-Hill church, exterior from the north\n		Fig. 7 East Lexham church, exterior from the south west\n		Fig. 8 Newton-by-Castle Acre church, exterior from the south\nRecent finds of late twelfth or early thirteenth-century sword and dagger pommels associated with the Crusades\n	Steven Ashley and Martin Biddle\n		Fig. 1 Sword pommels, nos. 1 – 4 and 6 – 8. Scale 1:1\n		Fig. 2 Sword pommels, nos. 9 – 14. Scale 1:1, except no.12, scale uncertain\n		Fig. 3 Sword pommels, nos. 15 – 19. Scale 1:1\n		Fig. 4 Sword pommels, nos. 5, 9 and 15. Scale 1:1\n		Fig. 5 Simplified drawing of the engraved and enamelled depiction of the Church of the Holy Sepulchre on sword pommel no. 14. Horizontal hatching indicates areas of surviving blue enamel. Grey tone shows where the face is perforated by miscasting or damag\n		Fig. 6 Anonymous ink drawing of (above) the Church of the Holy Sepulchre seen from the south and (below) the Edicule seen from the north-east, showing the Holy Dove descending from God through the oculus of the dome of the Rotunda and thence through the c\nToo many churches:the enigma of a Norwich chapel of St Ann\n	Elizabeth Rutledge\n		Fig. 1 The parishes of late medieval Norwich (Phillip Judge)\n		Fig. 2 Medieval Norwich (Phillip Judge)\nThomas Badeslade: his life and career from eastern England to north Wales\nBob Silvester\n	Fig 1 Mount Edgcumbe in Devon, drawn in 1735\n	Fig. 2 The north-east prospect of Chirk Castle, Denbighshire, engraved in 1735. This is an atypical drawing by Badeslade in as much as the castle fills almost the entire frame. By contrast Mount Edgcumbe (Fig 1)\n	Fig. 3 Aldford, Cheshire surveyed in 1738, showing the church in perspective, the adjacent moated site and surviving strip fields. Reproduced by permission of The Duke of Westminster and the\n	Fig. 4 Badeslade’s pocket-sized map of Norfolk from Chorographia Britanniae published in 1742\nNew Buckenham in 1820\n	Paul Rutledge\n		Fig. 1 Anonymous watercolour of New Buckenham in 1820 (photograph: Charles Oxley)\n		Fig. 2 Key to the 1820 watercolour (Catherine D’Alton)\nAn experiment in conservation:the early years of the Norfolk Archaeological Trust\n	Peter Wade-Martins\n		Fig. 1 Portrait of Basil Cozens-Hardy.\n		Fig. 2 Augustine Steward’s House, Tombland, Norwich.\n		Fig. 3 Carved stone plaque on the wall of Augustine Steward’s house in Tombland Alley.\n		Fig. 4 Sprowston Mill before the fire.\n		Fig. 5 Sprowston Mill after the fire.\n		Fig. 6 Pykerell’s House, St Mary’s Plain, Norwich\n		Fig. 7 Plaque on the front wall of Pykerell’s House.\n		Fig. 8 Pykerell’s House interior view of the medieval hall with part of the oriel window and queen post roof.\n		Fig. 9 Greenland Fishery, King’s Lynn.\n		Fig. 10 Binham Priory old Ministry of Works view of the church and the earthworks and upstanding remains of the east end of the church before clearance began.\n		Fig. 11 Binham Priory during the consolidation of the east range of the cloisters after excavation.\n		Fig. 12 Binham Priory cloisters today.\n		Fig. 13 Binham Priory, cast aluminium sign acknowledging the original purchase by the Trust in 1933.\n		Fig. 14 Binham Priory the cast aluminium sign that greets you at the entrance to the cloisters.\n		Fig. 15 Binham Priory, a pair of cast aluminium signs in the east range.\n		Fig. 16 Tudor Cottage, Field Dalling.\n		Fig. 17 Bishop Bonner’s cottages, Church Street, Dereham.\n		Fig. 18 The Great Hall, Oak Street, Norwich.\n		Fig. 19 The Great Hall interior view of hall with the top half of the oriel window and queen post roof.\n		Fig. 20 Garsett House, St Andrew’s Plain, Norwich.\n		Back cover