IBM SPSS Statistics 27 Step By Step: A Simple Guide And Reference

Cover
Half Title
Title Page
Copyright Page
Dedication
Table of Contents
Preface
Chapter 1: An Overview of IBM® SPSS® Statistics
	Introduction: An Overview of IBM SPSS Statistics 27 and Subscription Classic
	1.1: Necessary Skills
	1.2: Scope of Coverage
	1.3: Overview
	1.4: This Book’s Organization, Chapter by Chapter
	1.5: An Introduction to the Example
	1.6: Typographical and Formatting Conventions
Chapter 2A: IBM SPSS Statistics Processes for PC
	2.1: The Mouse
	2.2: The Taskbar and Start Menu
	2.3: Common Buttons
	2.4: The Data and Other Commonly Used Windows
	2.5: The Open Data File Dialog Window
	2.6: The Output Window
	2.7: Modifying or Rearranging Tables
	2.8: Printing or Exporting Output
	2.9: The “Options . . . ” Option: Changing the Formats
Chapter 2B: IBM SPSS Statistics Processes for Mac
	2.1: Selecting
	2.2: The Desktop, Dock, and Application Folder
	2.3: Common Buttons
	2.4: The Data and Other Commonly Used Windows
	2.5: The Open Data File Dialog Window
	2.6: The Output Window
	2.7: Modifying or Rearranging Tables
	2.8: Printing or Exporting Output
	2.9: The “Options . . .” Option: Changing the Formats
Chapter 3: Creating and Editing a Data File
	3.1: Research Concerns and Structure of the Data File
	3.2: Step by Step
	3.3: Entering Data
	3.4: Editing Data
	3.5: Grades.sav: The Sample Data File
	Exercises
Chapter 4: Managing Data
	4.1: Step By Step: Manipulation of Data
	4.2: The Case Summaries Procedure
	4.3: Replacing Missing Values Procedure
	4.4: The Compute Procedure: Creating New Variables
	4.5: Recoding Variables
	4.6: The Select Cases Option
	4.7: The Sort Cases Procedure
	4.8: Merging Files Adding Blocks of Variables or Cases
	4.9: Printing Results
	Exercises
Chapter 5: Graphs and Charts: Creating and Editing
	5.1: Comparison of the Two Graphs Options
	5.2: Types of Graphs Described
	5.3: The Sample Graph
	5.4: Producing Graphs and Charts
	5.5: Bugs
	5.6: Specific Graphs Summarized
	5.7: Printing Results
	Exercises
Chapter 6: Frequencies
	6.1: Frequencies
	6.2: Bar Charts
	6.3: Histograms
	6.4: Percentiles
	6.5: Step by Step
	6.6: Printing Results
	6.7: Output
	Exercises
Chapter 7: Descriptive Statistics
	7.1: Statistical Significance
	7.2: The Normal Distribution
	7.3: Measures of Central Tendency
	7.4: Measures of Variability Around the Mean
	7.5: Measures of Deviation from Normality
	7.6: Measures of Size of the Distribution
	7.7: Measures of Stability: Standard Error
	7.8: Step by Step
	7.9: Printing Results
	7.10: Output
	Exercises
Chapter 8: Crosstabulation and χ2 Analyses
	8.1: Crosstabulation
	8.2: Chi-Square (χ2) Tests of Independence
	8.3: Step by Step
	8.4: Weight Cases Procedure: Simplified Data Setup
	8.5: Printing Results
	8.6: Output
	Exercises
Chapter 9: The Means Procedure
	9.1: Step by Step
	9.2: Printing Results
	9.3: Output
	Exercises
Chapter 10: A Priori Power Analysis: What Sample Size Do I Need?
	10.1: One-Sample t Test
	10.2: Independent-Samples t Test
	10.3: Paired-Samples t Test
	10.4: One-Way ANOVA
	10.5: Correlation
	10.6: Regression
	10.7: Printing Results
	Exercises
Chapter 11: Bivariate Correlation
	11.1: What is a Correlation?
	11.2: Additional Considerations
	11.3: Step by Step
	11.4: Printing Results
	11.5: Output
	Exercises
Chapter 12: The t Test Procedure
	12.1: Independent-Samples t Tests
	12.2: Paired-Samples t Tests
	12.3: One-Sample t Tests
	12.4: Significance and Effect Size
	12.5: Step by Step
	12.6: Printing Results
	12.7: Output
	Exercises
	What is Bootstrapping?
Chapter 13: The One-Way ANOVA Procedure
	13.1: Introduction to One-Way Analysis of Variance
	13.2: Step by Step
	13.3: Printing Results
	13.4: Output
	Exercises
Chapter 14: General Linear Model: Two-Way ANOVA
	14.1: Statistical Power
	14.2: Two-Way Analysis of Variance
	14.3: Step by Step
	14.4: Printing Results
	14.5: Output
	Exercises
Chapter 15: General Linear Model: Three-Way ANOVA
	15.1: Three-Way Analysis of Variance
	15.2: The Influence of Covariates
	15.3: Step by Step
	15.4: Printing Results
	15.5: Output
	15.6: A Three-Way ANOVA that Includes a Covariate
	Exercises
Chapter 16: Simple Linear Regression
	16.1: Predicted Values and the Regression Equation
	16.2: Simple Regression and the Amount of Variance Explained
	16.3: Testing for a Curvilinear Relationship
	16.4: Step by Step
	16.5: Printing Results
	16.6: Output
	16.7: A Regression Analysis that Tests for a Curvilinear Trend
	Exercises
Chapter 17: Multiple Regression Analysis
	17.1: The Regression Equation
	17.2: Regression and R2: The Amount of Variance Explained
	17.3: Curvilinear Trends, Model Building, and References
	17.4: Step by Step
	17.5: Printing Results
	17.6: Output
	17.7: Change of Values as Each new Variable is Added
	Exercises
Chapter 18: Nonparametric Procedures
	18.1: Step by Step
	18.2: Are Observed Values Distributed Differently than a Hypothesized Distribution?
	18.3: Is the Order of Observed Values Non-Random?
	18.4: Is a Continuous Variable Different in Different Groups?
	18.5: Are the Medians of a Variable Different for Different Groups?
	18.6: Are My Within-Subjects (Dependent Samples or Repeated Measures) Measurements Different?
	18.7: Printing Results
Chapter 19: Reliability Analysis
	19.1: Coefficient Alpha (ɑ)
	19.2: Split-Half Reliability
	19.3: The Example
	19.4: Step by Step
	19.5: Printing Results
	19.6: Output
	Exercises
Chapter 20: Multidimensional Scaling
	20.1: Square Asymmetrical Matrixes (The Sociogram Example)
	20.2: Step by Step
	20.3: Printing Results
	20.4: Output
Chapter 21: Factor Analysis
	21.1: Create a Correlation Matrix
	21.2: Factor Extraction
	21.3: Factor Selection and Rotation
	21.4: Interpretation
	21.5: Step by Step
	21.6: Output
Chapter 22: Cluster Analysis
	22.1: Cluster Analysis and Factor Analysis Contrasted
	22.2: Procedures for Conducting Cluster Analysis
	22.3: Step by Step
	22.4: Printing Results
	22.5: Output
Chapter 23: Discriminant Analysis
	23.1: The Example: Admission into a Graduate Program
	23.2: The Steps Used in Discriminant Analysis
	23.3: Step by Step
	23.4: Output
Chapter 24: General Linear Models: MANOVA and MANCOVA
	24.1: Step by Step
	24.2: Printing Results
	24.3: Output
	Exercises
Chapter 25: G.L.M.: Repeated-Measures MANOVA
	25.1: Step by Step
	25.2: Printing Results
	25.3: Output
	Exercises
Chapter 26: Logistic Regression
	26.1: The Math of Logistic Regression
	26.2: Step by Step
	26.3: Printing Results
	26.4: Output
Chapter 27: Hierarchical Log-Linear Models
	27.1: Log-Linear Models
	27.2: The Model Selection Log-Linear Procedure
	27.3: Step by Step
	27.4: Printing Results
	27.5: Output
Chapter 28: Nonhierarchical Log-Linear Models
	28.1: Models
	28.2: A Few Words about Model Selection
	28.3: Types of Models Beyond the Scope of This Chapter
	28.4: Step by Step
	28.5: Printing Results
	28.6: Output
Chapter 29: Residuals: Analyzing Left-Over Variance
	29.1: Residuals
	29.2: Linear Regression: A Case Study
	29.3: General Log-Linear Models: A Case Study
	29.4: Accessing Residuals in SPSS
Data Files
Glossary
References
Credits
Index