Encyclopedia of RF and Microwave Engineering

Cover......Page 1
Front Matter......Page 2
Preface......Page 9
Contributors......Page 10
Table of Contents......Page 20
A/D and D/A Conversion Architectures and Techniques......Page 32
Acoustic Microwave Devices......Page 55
Active Antennas......Page 65
Active Filters: Overview of Active-filter Structures......Page 87
Active Filters: Tools and Techniques for Active-filter Design......Page 102
Adaptive Array Antennas......Page 120
Altimeters......Page 135
Amplitude Shift Keying......Page 149
Analytical and Adaptive Modeling of Nonlinear High-power Amplifiers......Page 159
Anisotropy and Bianisotropy......Page 169
Antenna Accessories......Page 179
Antenna Anechoic Chambers......Page 190
Antenna Arrays for Mobile Communications......Page 196
Antenna Compact Range......Page 209
Antenna Feeds......Page 217
Antenna Parameters......Page 249
Antenna Radiation Patterns......Page 258
Antenna Reverberation Chamber......Page 272
Antenna Scanning Arrays......Page 284
Antenna Testing and Measurements......Page 295
Antenna Theory......Page 302
Antennas......Page 317
Antennas for High-frequency Broadcasting......Page 328
Antennas for Medium-frequency Broadcasting......Page 334
Antennas for Mobile Communications......Page 352
Aperture Antennas......Page 399
Application of Wavelets to Electromagnetic Problems......Page 411
Applied Numerical Electromagnetic Analysis for Planar High-frequency Circuits......Page 431
Artificial Magnetic Conductor......Page 447
Attenuation Measurement......Page 469
Attenuators......Page 487
Backscatter......Page 516
Bandpass Filters......Page 529
Bandstop Filters......Page 533
BiCMOS Devices and RF Integrated Circuits......Page 534
Biological Effects of Radiofrequency Energy as Related to Health and Safety......Page 546
Boundary-value Problems......Page 558
Buried Object Detection......Page 575
Calibration of a Circular Loop Antenna......Page 595
Capacitance Extraction......Page 600
Cavity Resonators......Page 611
Cellular Radio......Page 627
Chebyshev Filters......Page 635
Chirality......Page 645
Circuit Stability......Page 657
Circuit Tuning......Page 667
Circular Waveguides......Page 679
Coaxial Line Discontinuities......Page 689
Coaxial Lines and Waveguides......Page 694
Combline Filters......Page 710
Complex Media......Page 730
Computational Electromagnetic Scattering Models for Microwave Remote Sensing......Page 867
Conformal Antennas......Page 899
Conformal Mapping Techniques......Page 909
Conical Antennas......Page 924
Coplanar Stripline (CPS) Components......Page 754
Coplanar Stripline Transitions......Page 784
Coplanar Waveguide Components......Page 790
Coplanar Waveguide (CPW) Transmission Lines......Page 795
Corrugated Horn Antennas......Page 807
Coulomb Gauge in Electromagnetics, the......Page 823
Coupled Transmission Lines......Page 837
Cryogenic Electronics......Page 856
Dielectric Loaded Antennas......Page 930
Dielectric Measurement......Page 953
Dielectric Permittivity and Loss......Page 975
Dielectric Resonator Antennas......Page 997
Dielectric Resonator Filters......Page 1012
Dielectric Resonator Oscillators......Page 1023
Dielectric Resonators......Page 1037
Digital Microwave Receivers......Page 1052
Digital Radio......Page 1059
Diodes......Page 1071
Dipole Antennas and Arrays......Page 1084
Direct Satellite Television Broadcasting......Page 1091
Direction of Arrival Estimation and Adaptive Processing Using a Conformal Phased Array......Page 1104
Directional Couplers......Page 1115
Directive Antennas......Page 1124
Distributed Amplifiers......Page 1125
Dual- and Multi-frequency Microstrip Antennas......Page 1137
Electromagnetic-bandgap-assisted Bandpass Filters......Page 1156
Electromagnetic Compatibility......Page 1175
Electromagnetic Ferrite Tile Absorber......Page 1190
Electromagnetic Field Computation in Planar Multilayers......Page 1202
Electromagnetic Field Measurement......Page 1229
Electromagnetic Inverse Problems......Page 1240
Electromagnetic Materials......Page 1256
Electromagnetic Modeling......Page 1272
Electromagnetic Shielding......Page 1288
Electromagnetic Subsurface Remote Sensing......Page 1296
Electromagnetic Surface Waves......Page 1310
Electromagnetic Wave Propagation......Page 1320
Electromagnetic Wave Scattering......Page 1335
Electromagnetic Waves in Ionosphere......Page 1344
Electromagnetics, Time-domain......Page 1359
Electronic Warfare......Page 1374
Elliptic Filters......Page 1394
Enhancements of the Finite Difference Time Domain Method......Page 1402
Fabry-Perot Resonators......Page 1422
Fast Fourier Transforms and NUFFT......Page 1442
Feedback Amplifiers......Page 1459
Feedback Oscillators......Page 1473
Feedforward Amplifiers......Page 1480
Ferrite Circulators......Page 1490
Ferrite Isolators......Page 1515
Ferrite-loaded Waveguides......Page 1528
Ferrite Phase Shifters......Page 1539
Ferroelectric Materials......Page 1546
Filter Synthesis......Page 1563
Filter Theory......Page 1590
Finite-difference Time-domain Analysis......Page 1609
Finite Element Analysis......Page 1632
Finline Components......Page 1644
Finlines......Page 1652
Fractal-shaped Antennas: a Review......Page 1663
Frequency Converters and Mixers......Page 1678
Frequency-division Multiplexers......Page 1693
Frequency-domain Circuit Analysis......Page 1703
Frequency-independent Antennas......Page 1718
Frequency Modulation......Page 1735
Frequency Selective Surfaces......Page 1744
Frequency Stability......Page 1750
Frequency Standards, Characterization......Page 1764
Frequency Synthesizers......Page 1773
Friis Free-space Transmission Formula......Page 1777
Galerkin Method (Rayleigh-Ritz Method)......Page 1779
Gallium Arsenide Technology and Applications......Page 1793
Gallium Nitride for Electronics......Page 1802
Generalized Scattering Matrix Technique......Page 1811
Geometrical Optics......Page 1821
Ge-Si Alloys and Devices......Page 1840
Gratings, Grating Antennas......Page 1850
Green\'s Function Methods......Page 1861
Ground Penetrating Radar......Page 1877
Guided Electromagnetic Waves......Page 1890
Gunn or Transferred-electron Devices and Circuits......Page 1901
Gyrators......Page 1918
Gyrotrons......Page 1927
Hankel Transforms......Page 1937
Harmonic Oscillators, Circuits......Page 1959
Helical Antennas......Page 1969
Helmholtz Equations......Page 1980
Heterojunction Bipolar Transistor......Page 1990
Heterostructures Devices......Page 2007
High-field Effects......Page 2014
High-frequency Broadcasting......Page 2025
High-frequency Transmission Lines......Page 2033
High-temperature Superconductors......Page 2049
History of Wireless Communication......Page 2059
Horn Antennas......Page 2065
HTS Film Growth......Page 2076
Hybrid CAD Techniques......Page 2084
Hybrids and Couplers......Page 2098
IMPATT Diodes and Circuits......Page 2111
Impedance Transformers and Matching Networks......Page 2123
Indium Phosphide (InP)......Page 2136
Integral Equations......Page 2147
Integrated Antenna Systems......Page 2158
Integrated Circuits......Page 2192
Integro-differential Equations......Page 2211
Intermediate-frequency Amplifiers......Page 2221
Intermodulation......Page 2235
Intermodulation Measurement......Page 2261
Iterative Methods......Page 2277
ITS Radio Service Standards and Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments (ITS-WAVE) at 5.9 GHz......Page 2287
Klystron......Page 2303
Leaky Modes and High-frequency Effects in Microwave Integrated Circuits......Page 2314
Leaky-wave Antennas......Page 2340
Left-handed Materials for Microwave Devices and Circuits......Page 2349
Lens Antennas......Page 2366
Linear Antennas......Page 2383
Local-area Networks (LANs)......Page 2399
Loop Antennas......Page 2406
Low Noise Amplifiers......Page 2415
Low Noise Amplifiers: Device Noise Characterization and Design......Page 2426
Low-pass Filters......Page 2430
Low-power Broadcasting......Page 2432
Low-temperature Cofired Ceramic (LTCC) Technology in RF and Microwave Engineering......Page 2440
Magnetic Field Measurement......Page 2447
Magnetic Materials......Page 2459
Magnetic Microwave Devices......Page 2472
Magnetic Resonance Imaging......Page 2509
Magnetic Shielding......Page 2520
Magnetrons......Page 2530
Maxwellian Circuits......Page 2562
Measurement of Near Fields Using a Modulated Scatterer......Page 2570
Medical Imaging with Microwave: Thermoacoustic Tomography......Page 2578
MEI Method......Page 2588
Method of Lines......Page 2597
Method of Moments......Page 2603
Microstrip Antenna Arrays......Page 2617
Microstrip Antennas......Page 2629
Microstrip Antennas, Broadband......Page 2651
Microstrip Antennas, Compact......Page 2675
Microstrip Circuits......Page 2686
Microstrip Lines......Page 2696
Microstrip Transitions......Page 2703
Microwave and Radio Frequency Multipliers......Page 2712
Microwave Circuits......Page 2753
Microwave Detectors......Page 2786
Microwave Filters......Page 2801
Microwave Heating......Page 2813
Microwave Integrated Circuits......Page 2823
Microwave Isolators......Page 2836
Microwave Limiters......Page 2842
Microwave Measurements......Page 2852
Microwave Mixers......Page 2862
Microwave Oscillators......Page 2868
Microwave Parametric Amplifiers......Page 2877
Microwave Phase Shifters......Page 2886
Microwave Photonics: Technological Evolution and Its Applications......Page 2900
Microwave Power Amplifiers......Page 2920
Microwave Power Transmission......Page 2955
Microwave Receivers......Page 2968
Microwave Resonance Plasma Source......Page 2983
Microwave Scattering Models for Earth Terrain......Page 2998
Microwave Solid-state Devices......Page 3018
Microwave Superconductor Devices......Page 3030
Microwave Switches......Page 3041
Microwave Tubes......Page 3049
Military Communication......Page 3057
Millimeter-wave Integrated Circuits......Page 3071
Millimeter-wave Measurement......Page 3097
MIMO Systems for Wireless Communications......Page 3110
Miniaturized Packaged (Embedded) Antennas for Portable Wireless Devices......Page 3119
Missile Guidance......Page 3133
Mixed-signal CMOS RF Integrated Circuits......Page 3146
Mixer Circuits......Page 3153
Mobile Communication......Page 3172
Mobile Radio Channels......Page 3183
Mobile Satellite Communications......Page 3202
Mode-matching Methods......Page 3214
Modulation-doped FETs......Page 3228
Monolithic Antennas......Page 3256
Monolithic Microwave Integrated Circuits (MMICs)......Page 3266
Monopole Antennas......Page 3291
Monopulse Tracking Systems......Page 3297
Monte Carlo Analysis......Page 3308
Monte Carlo Simulation in Reliability......Page 3322
Mosfet Modeling......Page 3331
Multibeam Antennas......Page 3370
Multiconductor Transmission Lines......Page 3389
Multimode Equivalent Network Representations......Page 3396
Multiple Access Schemes......Page 3405
Multiplexers......Page 3416
Multiresolution Technique......Page 3423
Negative Resistance......Page 3439
Neural Networks for Microwave Circuits......Page 3444
Noise and Interference Modeling......Page 3451
Noise Generators......Page 3462
Noise, High-frequency......Page 3472
Noise, Hot Carrier Effects......Page 3494
Noise, Low-frequency......Page 3514
Nonlinear Circuit Analysis......Page 3538
Nonlinear Circuit Design......Page 3558
Notch Antennas......Page 3590
Orthomode Transducers......Page 3603
Oscillator Design......Page 3619
Packaging RF Devices and Modules......Page 3646
Parallel Algorithms and Computing for Large-scale Electromagnetic Simulation......Page 3670
Parameter Estimation from Electromagnetic Simulations Using Signal Models......Page 3702
Passivation......Page 3725
Periodic Structures......Page 3731
Permittivity and Measurements......Page 3749
Personal Area Networking with Bluetooth......Page 3767
Perturbation Theory......Page 3781
Phase Locked Loops......Page 3791
Phase Locked Oscillators and Frequency Synthesizers......Page 3824
Phase Noise and Measurements......Page 3859
Phase Shifters......Page 3867
Photonic Band Gap (PGB)......Page 3880
Piezoelectric Transducer Controlled Circuits......Page 3896
Piezoelectricity......Page 3904
Pin Diodes......Page 3916
Power Combiners and Dividers......Page 3927
Preamplifiers......Page 3950
Printed Inductors......Page 3964
Pulse Compression......Page 3974
Pulse-shaping Circuits......Page 3984
Q-factor......Page 3995
Q-factor Measurements......Page 4006
Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK)......Page 4022
Quasi-optical Circuits......Page 4035
Radar Altimetry......Page 4047
Radar Antennas......Page 4063
Radar Applications......Page 4076
Radar Cross-section......Page 4088
Radar Equipment......Page 4113
Radar Imaging......Page 4128
Radar Polarimetry......Page 4139
Radar Remote Sensing......Page 4155
Radar Remote Sensing of Irregular Stratified Layers......Page 4181
Radar Signal Detection......Page 4187
Radar Signal Processing......Page 4207
Radar Target Recognition......Page 4224
Radar Tracking......Page 4232
Radiation Effects......Page 4245
Radiation Monitoring......Page 4277
Radio Broadcast Studio Equipment......Page 4287
Radio Direction Finding......Page 4309
Radio-frequency Identification Systems (RFID)......Page 4323
Radio-frequency Integrated Circuits......Page 4329
Radio Navigation......Page 4352
Radio Noise......Page 4357
Radio on Fiber Systems (RoF Systems)......Page 4370
Radio Reception......Page 4384
Radiometry......Page 4403
Radiotelemetry......Page 4411
Radiowave Propagation Concepts......Page 4426
Radiowave Propagation Ground Effects......Page 4432
Radiowave Propagation in Multipath Channels......Page 4450
Reconfigurable Antennas......Page 4466
Rectifying Antennas (Rectennas)......Page 4480
Reflectarray Antenna......Page 4490
Reflectometers, Time-domain......Page 4498
Reflector Antennas (Parabolic Antenas, Dish Antenas)......Page 4512
Refraction and Attenuation in Troposphere......Page 4537
Resonant Tunneling Diodes......Page 4546
Retrodirective Systems......Page 4555
RF Circuit Noise......Page 4569
RF/Wireless Packaging......Page 4578
Ring Resonators and Circuits......Page 4600
Rough-surface Scattering: Numerical Simulations and Applications in Microwave Remote Sensing......Page 4612
Satellite Antennas......Page 4648
Schottky Barrier Diodes and Their Applications......Page 4658
Schottky Barriers......Page 4670
SiC Device Technologies......Page 4676
Signal Fading in Radiocommunications......Page 4682
Silicon-Germanium......Page 4689
Six-port Networks......Page 4704
Skin Effect......Page 4732
Sky Wave Propagation at Low Frequencies......Page 4738
Sky Wave Propagation at Medium and High Frequencies......Page 4750
Slot Antennas......Page 4760
Slotline Components......Page 4782
Slotlines......Page 4802
Slow Wave Structures......Page 4810
Small Antennas......Page 4827
Smart Materials......Page 4866
Smith Chart......Page 4881
Spaceborne Radar......Page 4890
Spatial and Quasi-optical Power Combining......Page 4904
Spice......Page 4911
Spiral Antennas......Page 4920
Squids......Page 4936
Stability of Nonlinear Systems......Page 4947
Standing Wave Meters and Network Analyzers......Page 4962
Strip Transmission Lines......Page 4984
Stripline Components......Page 4997
Submarine Antennas......Page 5003
Superconducting Cavity Resonators......Page 5017
Superconducting Electromagnets......Page 5031
Superconducting Filters and Passive Components......Page 5040
Superconducting Microwave Technology......Page 5056
Surface Acoustic Wave Applications......Page 5068
Surface Acoustic Wave Delay Lines......Page 5078
Surface Acoustic Wave Devices......Page 5096
Surface Acoustic Wave Filters......Page 5113
Surface Mount Technology......Page 5125
Synthetic Aperture Radar......Page 5134
Target Tracking......Page 5148
Telemedicine......Page 5164
Telemetry......Page 5173
Television and FM Broadcasting Antennas......Page 5191
Television Antennas......Page 5199
Television Broadcast Transmission Standards......Page 5211
Terahertz Science, Engineering and Systems - from Space to Earth Applications......Page 5243
Thermal Analysis and Design of Electronic Systems......Page 5262
Thin Film Resistors......Page 5281
Thin Films......Page 5460
III-V Semiconductors......Page 5471
Transceivers......Page 5488
Transient Analysis......Page 5502
Transmission Line Matrix (TLM) Method......Page 5520
Transmission Line Theory......Page 5531
Transmission Lines and Parameters......Page 5378
Transmitters for Analog Television......Page 5386
Transmitters for Digital Television......Page 5395
Transmitters for FM Broadcasting......Page 5405
Transverse Resonance Techniques......Page 5425
Traveling Wave Antennas......Page 5431
Traveling Wave Tubes......Page 5441
Tunnel Devices......Page 5448
UHF Receivers......Page 5459
Ultra-wideband Radio......Page 5554
Ultra-wideband Wireless Systems......Page 5563
Underground Propagation......Page 5575
Uniform Geometrical Theory of Diffraction......Page 5585
Van Atta Array Reflector......Page 5608
Variable-frequency Oscillators......Page 5620
Very High Frequency Range......Page 5629
Voltage-to-frequency Converters......Page 5641
Volterra Modeling in Analog, RF and Microwave Engineering......Page 5659
Waveguide Antennas......Page 5667
Waveguide Components......Page 5679
Waveguide Directional Couplers......Page 5688
Waveguide Discontinuities......Page 5695
Waveguide Junctions......Page 5706
Waveguide Oscillators......Page 5711
Waveguides......Page 5721
Wavelength Meter......Page 5739
Wavelet Transforms......Page 5754
Wavelets......Page 5775
Wideband Amplifiers......Page 5783
Wideband Slot and Printed Antennas......Page 5791
Wireless Communications Systems......Page 5809
Yagi-Uda Antenna......Page 5833
A......Page 5844
B......Page 5852
C......Page 5857
D......Page 5865
E......Page 5871
F......Page 5875
G......Page 5881
H......Page 5884
I......Page 5887
J......Page 5891
L......Page 5892
M......Page 5896
N......Page 5907
O......Page 5910
P......Page 5912
Q......Page 5920
R......Page 5921
S......Page 5929
T......Page 5938
U......Page 5943
V......Page 5944
W......Page 5946
X......Page 5948
Z......Page 5949