Application of Phytotechnologies for Cleanup of Industrial, Agricultural and Wastewater Contamination

Application of Phytotechnologies for Cleanup of Industrial, Agricultural, and Wastewater Contamination......Page 4
Preface......Page 6
Contents......Page 10
1. Introduction......Page 16
2. Phytoremediation......Page 17
2.1.2. Rhizofiltration......Page 18
2.2.1. Phytodegradation......Page 19
3. Advantages and Limitations of Phytoremediation......Page 20
3.2. Limitations to Phytotechnologies......Page 21
5. Cost......Page 22
7. Conclusions......Page 24
References......Page 25
1. European Research in Phytoremediation......Page 30
1.1. COST Actions......Page 31
1.1.1. COST Action 837......Page 32
2.1. Dissemination......Page 33
2.2. Education and Capacity Building......Page 34
2.2.1. The International University Master Course on Science and Technology for Sustainable Development of Contaminated Sites......Page 35
3. NATO ASI School “Advanced Science and Technology for Biological Decontamination of Sites Affected by Chemical and Radiological Nuclear Agents”......Page 36
4. Conclusions......Page 38
References......Page 39
1. Introduction......Page 40
3.1. Governmental Officials......Page 43
4. Conclusions......Page 45
References......Page 46
1. Introduction......Page 50
2. Why Phytoextraction?......Page 51
3.1. The Search for POPs Hyperaccumulating Plants......Page 53
3.2. Understanding the Mechanisms of POPs Uptake into Cucurbita pepo ssp pepo......Page 55
3.3.1. Soil Amendment with Low Molecular-Weight Organic Acids (LMWOAs)......Page 59
3.3.2. Nutrient Amendments......Page 61
3.3.3. Planting Density......Page 62
3.3.4. Surfactants......Page 63
3.3.5. Mycorrhizal Fungi......Page 64
3.3.6. Other Growth Conditions (Fruit Prevention, Soil Moisture Content, and Intercropping)......Page 65
3.4. Impediments to the Practical Application of this Technology......Page 66
References......Page 68
Elimination of Acute Risks from Obsolete Pesticides in Moldova: Phytoremediation Experiment at a Former Pesticide Storehouse......Page 76
1. Introduction......Page 77
2.1. Initial Site Characterization and Site Selection......Page 79
2.2. Method of Risk Assessment......Page 80
2.3. Analytical Determination......Page 81
2.5. Phytoremediation Study......Page 82
3.1. Site Selection and Risk Assessment......Page 84
3.2.1. Balceana Site......Page 86
3.2.2. Bujor Site......Page 89
3.3.1. Zucchini......Page 91
3.3.3. Total Pesticide Accumulation......Page 93
3.3.4. Pesticide Uptake by Wild Carrot......Page 96
4. Conclusions......Page 99
References......Page 100
Obsolete Pesticides Pollution and Phytoremediation of Contaminated Soil in Kazakhstan......Page 102
1. Introduction......Page 104
2.1. Task 1: Inventory Former Obsolete Pesticide Warehouses to Document Obsolete Pesticide Stockpiles and to Characterize Levels of Soil Contamination......Page 106
2.2. Task 2: Study Genotoxicity of Organochlorine Pesticides......Page 110
2.3. Task 3: Identify Pesticide-Tolerant Plant Species Using Surveys of Plant Community Structure at Selected Hot Points......Page 113
2.4. Task 4: Describe Physiological and Biochemical Characteristics of Pesticide-Tolerant Plants Grown in Pesticide-Contaminated Soil......Page 114
2.4.2. Transpiration Rate......Page 115
2.5. Task 5: Document Pesticide Accumulation Patterns in Pesticide-Tolerant Plants......Page 117
2.6. Task 6: Study the Fate and Transport of Pesticides in Soil and Plants in the Greenhouse Using soil Collected from Hot Points......Page 120
2.7.1. Greenhouse Study......Page 122
2.7.2. Field Plot Study......Page 123
2.7.3. Phytoremediation Field Test Trial at Hot Point 2......Page 124
References......Page 125
Phytoremediation of Soil Polluted with Obsolete Pesticides in Ukraine......Page 128
1.1. Obsolete Pesticide Problem in Ukraine......Page 129
1.2. Cleanup Technologies for Pesticide-Polluted Soil......Page 130
2. Materials and Methods......Page 131
3.1. Site Characterization......Page 132
3.2. Testing Phytotoxicity of DDT-Contaminated Soil......Page 133
3.3. Plant Uptake of DDT......Page 134
3.4. Indentification of Pesticide-Tolerant Plant Genotypes......Page 135
4. Conclusions......Page 137
References......Page 138
1. Introduction......Page 140
2. Soil Rehabilitation Technology......Page 141
References......Page 149
Arsenic Content in and Uptake by Plants from Arsenic-Contaminated Soil......Page 150
2. Materials and Methods......Page 151
3. Results and Discussion......Page 153
References......Page 159
Long-Term Effect of Coal Fly Ash Application on Soil Total Nitrogen and Organic Carbon Concentrations......Page 162
2. Materials and Methods......Page 163
3. Results and Discussion......Page 164
3.1. Organic Carbon......Page 165
3.2. Total Nitrogen......Page 167
3.3. C:N Ratio......Page 169
References......Page 172
1. Introduction......Page 174
2. Land Issues in China......Page 175
3.1. Review of Published Literature......Page 178
3.2. Limitations in Applications of Phytoremediation......Page 180
4.1. Characteristics of Loess Plateau......Page 181
4.3. Possibilities to Apply Phytoremediation on Petroleum-Contaminated Land......Page 183
4.4. Experimental Study of Phytoremediation by Selected Plants in Loess Plateau......Page 185
5. Conclusions......Page 187
Acknowledgements......Page 188
References......Page 189
1. Introduction and History......Page 192
2. Plant Selection......Page 194
3. Plant Contaminant Interactions......Page 195
4.1. Most Common Problem and Solution......Page 196
4.1.1. Deep Rooting Methods......Page 197
4.2. Monitoring......Page 198
6. Plants and Bacteria......Page 200
7. Acceptance by the Public and Regulators......Page 201
References......Page 202
Evapotranspiration Covers for Landfills......Page 204
1. Background......Page 205
2. ET Cover Design Considerations......Page 206
3. Regulation......Page 209
4. Economics......Page 212
References......Page 213