A Topical Approach to Lifespan Development

Cover
Title Page
Copyright Page
Brief Contents
Contents
About the Author
Expert Consultants
Preface
Acknowledgments
SECTION 1 THE LIFE-SPAN PERSPECTIVE
	CHAPTER 1 Introduction
		The Life-Span Perspective
			The Importance of Studying Life-Span Development
			Characteristics of the Life-Span Perspective
			Some Contemporary Concerns
			CONNECTING DEVELOPMENT TO LIFE Improving Family Policy
		The Nature of Development
			Biological, Cognitive, and Socioemotional Processes
			Periods of Development
			CONNECTING WITH RESEARCH Is There a Best Time of Day to Conduct Research?
			The Significance of Age
			Developmental Issues
		Theories of Development
			Psychoanalytic Theories
			Cognitive Theories
			Behavioral and Social Cognitive Theories
			Ethological Theory
			Ecological Theory
			An Eclectic Theoretical Orientation
		Research on Life-Span Development
			Methods for Collecting Data
			Research Designs
			Time Span of Research
			Conducting Ethical Research
			Minimizing Bias
			CONNECTING WITH CAREERS Pam Reid, Educational and Development Psychologist
		Reach Your Learning Goals
		APPENDIX Careers in Life-Span Development
SECTION 2 BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES, PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT, AND HEALTH
	CHAPTER 2 Biological Beginnings
		The Evolutionary Perspective
			Natural Selection and Adaptive Behavior
			Evolutionary Psychology
		Genetic Foundations of Development
			The Collaborative Gene
			Genes and Chromosomes
			Genetic Principles
			Chromosomal and Gene-Linked Abnormalities
			CONNECTING WITH CAREERS Holly Ishmael, Genetic Counselor
		Heredity and Environment Interaction: The Nature-Nurture Debate
			Behavior Genetics
			Heredity-Environment Correlations
			CONNECTING DEVELOPMENT TO LIFE Am I an \"I\" or \"We\"?
			Shared and Nonshared Environmental Influences
			The Epigenetic View and Gene X Environment (G X E) Interaction
			Conclusions About Heredity-Environment Interaction
		Prenatal Development
			The Course of Prenatal Development
			Prenatal Diagnostic Tests
			Hazards to Prenatal Development
			Prenatal Care
		Birth and the Postpartum Period
			The Birth Process
			The Transition from Fetus to Newborn
			CONNECTING WITH CAREERS Linda Pugh, Perinatal Nurse
			Low Birth Weight and Preterm Infants
			Bonding
			CONNECTING WITH RESEARCH How Are Preterm Infants Affected by Touch?
			The Postpartum Period
		Reach Your Learning Goals
	CHAPTER 3 Physical Development and Biological Aging
		Body Growth and Change
			Patterns of Growth
			Height and Weight in Infancy and Childhood
			Puberty
			Early Adulthood
			Middle Adulthood
			Late Adulthood
			CONNECTING WITH CAREERS Sarah Kagan, Geriatric Nurse
		The Brain
			The Neuroconstructivist View
			Brain Physiology
			Infancy
			Childhood
			Adolescence
			CONNECTING DEVELOPMENT TO LIFE Strategies for Helping Adolescents Reduce Their Risk-Taking Behavior
			Adulthood and Aging
			CONNECTING WITH RESEARCH The Nun Study
		Sleep
			Why Do We Sleep?
			Infancy
			Childhood
			Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood
			Adulthood and Aging
		Longevity and Biological Aging
			Life Expectancy and Life Span
			Centenarians
			Biological Theories of Aging
		Reach Your Learning Goals
	CHAPTER 4 Health
		Health, Illness, and Disease
			Children\'s Health
			Adolescents\' Health
			Emerging and Young Adults\' Health
			Health and Aging
			CONNECTING WITH RESEARCH How Stressful Is Caring for an Alzheimer Patient at Home?
		Nutrition and Eating Behavior
			Infancy
			Childhood
			CONNECTING WITH CAREERS Barbara Deloin, Pediatric Nurse
			CONNECTING DEVELOPMENT TO LIFE Helping Overweight Children Lose Weight
			Adolescence
			Adult Development and Aging
		Exercise
			Childhood and Adolescence
			Adulthood
			Aging and Longevity
		Substance Use
			Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood
			Substance Use in Older Adults
		Reach Your Learning Goals
	CHAPTER 5 Motor, Sensory, and Perceptual Development
		Motor Development
			The Dynamic Systems View
			Reflexes
			Gross Motor Skills
			CONNECTING DEVELOPMENT TO LIFE Parents, Coaches, and Children\'s Sports
			Fine Motor Skills
		Sensory and Perceptual Development
			What Are Sensation and Perception?
			The Ecological View
			Visual Perception
			CONNECTING WITH RESEARCH How Do Scientists Study the Newborn\'s Perception?
			Hearing
			Other Senses
			Intermodal Perception
			Nature/Nurture and Perceptual Development
		Perceptual-Motor Coupling
		Reach Your Learning Goals
SECTION 3 COGNITIVE PROCESSES AND DEVELOPMENT
	CHAPTER 6 Cognitive Developmental Approaches
		Piaget\'s Theory of Cognitive Development
			Processes of Development
			Sensorimotor Stage
			CONNECTING WITH RESEARCH How Do Researchers Study Infants\' Understanding of Object Permanence and Causality?
			Preoperational Stage
			Concrete Operational Stage
			Formal Operational Stage
			CONNECTING DEVELOPMENT TO LIFE Are Social Media an Amplification Tool for Adolescent Egocentrism?
		Applying and Evaluating Piaget\'s Theory
			Piaget and Education
			Evaluating Piaget\'s Theory
		Vygotsky\'s Theory of Cognitive Development
			The Zone of Proximal Development
			Scaffolding
			Language and Thought
			Teaching Strategies
			Evaluating Vygotsky\'s Theory
		Cognitive Changes in Adulthood
			Piaget\'s View
			Realistic and Pragmatic Thinking
			Reflective and Relativistic Thinking
			Cognition and Emotion
			Is There a Fifth, Postformal Stage?
			Are There Cognitive Stages in Middle and Late Adulthood?
		Reach Your Learning Goals
	CHAPTER 7 Information Processing
		The Information-Processing Approach
			The Information-Processing Approach and Its Application to Development
			Speed of Processing Information
		Attention
			What Is Attention?
			Infancy
			Childhood and Adolescence
			Adulthood
		Memory
			What Is Memory?
			Infancy
			Childhood
			Adulthood
			CONNECTING WITH RESEARCH How Well Do Adults Remember What They Learned in High School and College Spanish?
		Thinking
			What Is Thinking?
			Infancy and Childhood
			CONNECTING WITH CAREERS Helen Hadani, Ph.D., Developmental Psychologist, Toy Designer, and Associate Director of Research for the Center for Childhood Creativity 223
			Adolescence
			Adulthood
			CONNECTING DEVELOPMENT TO LIFE The Remarkable Helen Small
		Metacognition
			What Is Metacognition?
			Theory of Mind
			Metacognition in Adolescence and Adulthood
		Reach Your Learning Goals
	CHAPTER 8 Intelligence
		The Concept of Intelligence
			What Is Intelligence?
			Intelligence Tests
			Theories of Multiple Intelligences
			The Neuroscience of Intelligence
		Controversies and Group Comparisons
			The Influence of Heredity and Environment
			Group Comparisons and Issues
			CONNECTING WITH RESEARCH Can Early Intervention in the Lives of Children Growing Up in Impoverished Circumstances Improve Their Intelligence?
		The Development of Intelligence
			Tests of Infant Intelligence
			CONNECTING WITH CAREERS Toosje Thyssen Van Beveren, Infant Assessment Specialist
			Stability and Change in Intelligence Through Adolescence
			Intelligence in Adulthood
		The Extremes of Intelligence and Creativity
			Intellectual Disability
			Giftedness
			Creativity
			CONNECTING DEVELOPMENT TO LIFE Living a More Creative Life
		Reach Your Learning Goals
	CHAPTER 9 Language Development
		What Is Language?
			Defining Language
			Language\'s Rule Systems
		How Language Develops
			Infancy
			Early Childhood
			CONNECTING WITH CAREERS Sharla Peltier, Speech Therapist
			CONNECTING WITH RESEARCH What Characteristics of a Family Affect a Child\'s Language Development?
			Middle and Late Childhood
			CONNECTING WITH CAREERS Salvador Tamayo, Teacher of English Language Learners
			Adolescence
			Adulthood and Aging
		Biological and Environmental Influences
			Biological Influences
			Environmental Influences
			An Interactionist View of Language
			CONNECTING DEVELOPMENT TO LIFE How Parents Can Facilitate Infants\' and Toddlers\' Language Development
		Reach Your Learning Goals
SECTION 4 SOCIOEMOTIONAL PROCESSES AND DEVELOPMENT
	CHAPTER 10 Emotional Development and Attachment
		Exploring Emotion
			What Are Emotions?
			Emotion Regulation 296
			Emotional Competence
		Development of Emotion
			Infancy
			Early Childhood
			Middle and Late Childhood
			Adolescence
			Adult Development and Aging
		Temperament
			Describing and Classifying Temperament
			Biological Foundations and Experience
			Goodness of Fit and Parenting
			CONNECTING DEVELOPMENT TO LIFE Parenting and the Child\'s Temperament
		Attachment and Love
			Infancy and Childhood
			CONNECTING WITH CAREERS Wanda Mitchell, Child-Care Director
			Adolescence
			Adulthood
			CONNECTING WITH RESEARCH Does the Breakup of a Romantic Relationship Present an Opportunity for Personal Growth?
		Reach Your Learning Goals
	CHAPTER 11 The Self, Identity, and Personality
		The Self
			Self-Understanding and Understanding Others
			Self-Esteem and Self-Concept
			Self-Regulation
			CONNECTING DEVELOPMENT TO LIFE Strategies for Effectively Engaging in Selective Optimization with Compensation
		Identity
			What Is Identity?
			Erikson\'s View
			Some Contemporary Thoughts on Identity
			Developmental Changes
			Identity and Social Contexts
			CONNECTING WITH CAREERS Armando Ronquillo, High School Counselor
		Personality
			Trait Theories and the Big Five Factors of Personality
			Views on Adult Personality Development
			Generativity
			Stability and Change
			CONNECTING WITH RESEARCH Are Personality Traits Related to Longevity?
		Reach Your Learning Goals
	CHAPTER 12 Gender and Sexuality
		Biological, Social, and Cognitive Influences on Gender
			Biological Influences
			Social Influences
			Cognitive Influences
			CONNECTING WITH RESEARCH What Are Young Children\'s Gender Schemas About Occupations?
		Gender Stereotypes, Similarities, and Differences
			Gender Stereotyping
			Gender Similarities and Differences
		Gender Development Through the Life Span
			Childhood
			Adolescence
			Adulthood and Aging
			CONNECTING WITH CAREERS Cynthia de las Fuentes, College Professor and Counseling Psychologist
		Exploring Sexuality
			Biological and Cultural Factors
			Sexual Orientation
			Sexually Transmitted Infections
			Forcible Sexual Behavior and Sexual Harassment
		Sexuality Through the Life Span
			Childhood
			Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood
			CONNECTING WITH CAREERS Lynn Blankinship, Family and Consumer Science Educator
			CONNECTING DEVELOPMENT TO LIFE Reducing Adolescent Pregnancy
			Adult Development and Aging
		Reach Your Learning Goals
	CHAPTER 13 Moral Development, Values, and Religion
		Domains of Moral Development
			What Is Moral Development?
			Moral Thought
			Moral Behavior
			Moral Feeling
			Moral Personality
			Social Domain Theory 416
		Contexts of Moral Development
			Parenting
			Schools
		Prosocial and Antisocial Behavior
			Prosocial Behavior
			Antisocial Behavior
			CONNECTING WITH CAREERS Rodney Hammond, Health Psychologist
			CONNECTING WITH RESEARCH Does Intervention Reduce Juvenile Delinquency?
		Values, Religion, Spirituality, and Meaning in Life
			Values
			Religion and Spirituality
			CONNECTING WITH CAREERS Gabriel Dy-Liacco, Pastoral Counselor
			CONNECTING DEVELOPMENT TO LIFE Religion and Coping
			Meaning in Life
		Reach Your Learning Goals
SECTION 5 SOCIAL CONTEXTS OF DEVELOPMENT
	CHAPTER 14 Families, Lifestyles, and Parenting
		Family Processes
			Reciprocal Socialization
			Family as a System
			Sociocultural and Historical Influences
			Multiple Developmental Trajectories
		The Diversity of Adult Lifestyles
			Single Adults
			Cohabiting Adults
			Married Adults
			Divorced Adults
			Remarried Adults
			Gay and Lesbian Adults
		Parenting
			Parental Roles
			Parenting Styles and Discipline
			CONNECTING WITH CAREERS Janis Keyser, Parent Educator
			CONNECTING WITH RESEARCH Are Marital Conflict, Individual Hostility, and the Use of Physical Punishment Linked?
			CONNECTING WITH CAREERS Darla Botkin, Marriage and Family Therapist
			Parent-Adolescent and Parent-Emerging Adult Relationships
			Working Parents
			Children in Divorced Families
			Stepfamilies
			CONNECTING DEVELOPMENT TO LIFE Communicating with Children About Divorce
			Gay and Lesbian Parents
			Adoptive Parents and Adopted Children
		Other Family Relationships
			Sibling Relationships and Birth Order
			Grandparenting and Great-Grandparenting
			Intergenerational Relationships
		Reach Your Learning Goals
	CHAPTER 15 Peers and the Sociocultural World
		Peer Relations in Childhood and Adolescence
			Exploring Peer Relations
			Peer Statuses
			Bullying
			CONNECTING WITH RESEARCH How Are Perspective Taking and Moral Motivation Linked to Bullying?
			Gender and Peer Relations
			Adolescent Peer Relations
		Friendship
			Functions of Friendship
			Friendship During Childhood
			Friendship During Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood
			CONNECTING DEVELOPMENT TO LIFE Effective and Ineffective Strategies for Making Friends
			Adult Friendship
		Play and Leisure
			Childhood
			Adolescence
			Adulthood
		Aging and the Social World
			Social Theories of Aging
			Stereotyping of Older Adults
			Social Support and Social Integration
			Successful Aging
		Sociocultural Influences
			Culture
			Socioeconomic Status and Poverty
			Ethnicity
			CONNECTING WITH CAREERS Norma Thomas, Social Work Professor and Administrator
		Reach Your Learning Goals
	CHAPTER 16 Schools, Achievement, and Work
		Schools
			Contemporary Approaches to Student Learning and Assessment
			Schools and Developmental Status
			CONNECTING WITH CAREERS Yolanda Garcia, Director of Children\'s Services, Head Start
			Educating Children with Disabilities
			Socioeconomic Status and Ethnicity in Schools
			CONNECTING WITH CAREERS James Comer, Child Psychiatrist
		Achievement
			Extrinsic and Intrinsic Motivation
			Mastery Motivation and Mindset
			Self-Efficacy
			Goal Setting, Planning, and Self-Monitoring
			Expectations
			Ethnicity and Culture
			CONNECTING WITH RESEARCH Parenting and Children\'s Achievement: My Child Is My Report Card, Tiger Moms, and Tiger Babies Strike Back
		Careers, Work, and Retirement
			Career Development
			Work
			CONNECTING WITH CAREERS Grace Leaf, College/Career Counselor and College Administrator
			CONNECTING DEVELOPMENT TO LIFE Working During College
			Retirement
		Reach Your Learning Goals
SECTION 6 ENDINGS
	CHAPTER 17 Death, Dying, and Grieving
		The Death System and Cultural Contexts
			The Death System and Its Cultural Variations
			Changing Historical Circumstances
		Defining Death and Life/Death Issues
			Issues in Determining Death
			Decisions Regarding Life, Death, and Health Care
			CONNECTING WITH CAREERS Kathy McLaughlin, Home Hospice Nurse
		A Developmental Perspective on Death
			Causes of Death
			Attitudes Toward Death at Different Points in the Life Span
			Suicide
		Facing One\'s Own Death
			Kübler-Ross\' Stages of Dying
			Perceived Control and Denial
			The Contexts in Which People Die
		Coping with the Death of Someone Else
			Communicating with a Dying Person
			Grieving
			CONNECTING DEVELOPMENT TO LIFE Communicating with a Dying Person
			Making Sense of the World
			Losing a Life Partner
			CONNECTING WITH RESEARCH How Is Widowhood Related to Women\'s Physical and Mental Health?
			Forms of Mourning
		Reach Your Learning Goals
Glossary
References
Name Index
Subject Index