A Definitive Guide to Apache ShardingSphere: Transform any DBMS into a distributed database with sharding, scaling, encryption features, and more

Cover
Title page
Copyright and Credits
Contributors
About the reviewers
Table of Contents
Preface
Section 1: Introducing Apache ShardingSphere
Chapter 1: The Evolution of DBMSs, DBAs, and the Role of Apache ShardingSphere
	The evolution of DBMSs
		Industry pain points
		The new industry needs are creating new opportunities for DBMSs
	The evolving role of the DBAs
		Overwhelming traffic load increase
		Microservice architecture for frontend services
		Cloud-native disrupts delivery and stale deployment practices
	The opportunities and future directions for DBMSs
		Database safety
		SQL, NoSQL, and NewSQL
		New architecture
		Embracing a transparent sharding middleware
		Database-as-a-Service
		AI database management platform
		Database migration
	Understanding Apache ShardingSphere
		Connect
		Enhance
		Pluggable
	Summary
Chapter 2: Architectural Overview of Apache ShardingSphere
	What is a distributed database architecture?
	The SQL-based load-balancing layer
		Sidecar improves performance and availability
		Database Mesh innovates the cloud-native database development path
	Apache ShardingSphere and Database Mesh
	Solving database pain points with Database Plus
	An architecture inspired by the Database Plus concept
		Feature architecture
		Introduction to the feature layer
	Deployment architecture
	Plugin platform
		Microkernel ecosystem
		Simple Push Down Engine
		SQL Federation Engine
	Summary
Section 2: Apache ShardingSphere Architecture, Installation, and Configuration
Chapter 3: Key Features and Use Cases – Your Distributed Database Essentials
	Distributed database solutions
	Understanding data sharding
		Understanding vertical sharding
		Understanding horizontal sharding
		Data sharding key points
		Why you need sharding
	Understanding SQL optimization
		SQL optimization definition
	Overview and characteristics of distributed transactions
		Distributed transactions
		ShardingSphere\'s support for transactions
		Transaction modes comparison
	An introduction to elastic scaling
		Mastering elastic scaling
		The workflow to implement elastic scaling
		Elastic scaling key points
		How to leverage this technology to solve real-world issues
	Read/write splitting
		Read/write splitting definition
		Key points regarding the read/write splitting function
		How it works
		Application scenarios
	Summary
Chapter 4: Key Features and Use Cases – Focusing on Performance and Security
	Understanding High Availability
		Database HA
		ShardingSphere HA
		Application scenarios
	Introducing data encryption and decryption
		What are data encryption and decryption?
		Key components
		Workflow
		Application scenarios
	User authentication
		Authentication of DBMS versus distributed database
		User ID storage
		Mechanism
		Workflow
		Configuration
	SQL Authority
		Defining SQL Authority
		Mechanism
		Planned development
		Application scenarios
	Database and app online tracing
		How it works
		A total synthetic monitoring solution
	Database gateway
		Understanding the database gateway
	Distributed SQL
		Introduction to DistSQL
		Application scenarios
		Additional notes for DistSQL
		Implications for ShardingSphere
	Understanding cluster mode
		Cluster mode definition
		Kernel concepts
		Compatibility with other ShardingSphere features
	Cluster management
		Computing nodes
		Storage nodes
	Observability
		Clarifying the concept of observability
		Applying observability to your system
		Mechanisms
		Application scenarios
	Summary
Chapter 5: Exploring ShardingSphere Adaptors
	Technical requirements
	Differences between ShardingSphere-JDBC and ShardingSphere-Proxy
	ShardingSphere-JDBC
		The ShardingSphere-JDBC development mechanism
		Deployment and user quick start guide
	ShardingSphere-Proxy
		The ShardingSphere-Proxy development mechanism
		Applicability and target users of ShardingSphere-Proxy
		Deployment and user quick start guide
		Downloading from the official website
	Architecture introduction
		Applicability and target users
		Deployment and user quick start guide
	Summary
Chapter 6: ShardingSphere-Proxy Installation and Startup
	Technical requirements
		Installing with the binary package
		Installing with Docker
	Introduction to Distributed SQL
	Configuration – sharding
		DistSQL – the SQL syntax
		YAML
	Configuration – read/write splitting
		YAML
	Configuration – encryption
		DistSQL
		YAML configuration items
	Configuration – shadow database
		DistSQL
		YAML
	Configuration – mode
	Configuration – scaling
		DistSQL for job management
		YAML – configuration items
	Configuration – multiple features, server properties
		DistSQL
		YAML
		Mixed – encryption + read/write splitting + cluster
	Configuration – server
		Authority
	Transaction
	Props configuration
	Summary
Chapter 7: ShardingSphere-JDBC Installation and Start-Up
	Technical requirements
	Setup and configuration
		Introducing the preliminary requirements
		Introducing the configuration method
	Sharding configurations
		Java configuration items
		YAML configuration items
		Spring Boot configuration items
		SpringNameSpace configuration items
	Understanding read/write splitting configuration
		Java configuration items
		YAML configuration items
		Spring Boot configuration items
		SpringNameSpace configuration items
	Understanding data encryption configuration
		Java configuration items
		YAML configuration items
		Spring Boot configuration items
		SpringNameSpace configuration items
	Configuring a shadow database
		Java configuration items
		YAML configuration items
		A Spring Boot example
		SpringNameSpace configuration items
	Configuring ShardingSphere\'s modes
		Java configuration items
		YAML configuration items
		Spring Boot configuration items
		A SpringNameSpace example
	Props configuration for JDBC
		Java configuration items
		YAML configuration items
		Spring Boot configuration items
		SpringNameSpace configuration items
	Configuration – miscellaneous
		Sharding, read/write splitting, and cluster configuration items
		Configuring sharding, encryption, and cluster mode
	Summary
Section 3: Apache ShardingSphere Real-World Examples, Performance, and Scenario Tests
Chapter 8: Apache ShardingSphere Advanced Usage – Database Plus and Plugin Platform
	Technical requirements
	Introducing Database Plus
		ShardingSphere\'s pursuit of Database Plus
		Connect – building upper-level standards for databases
		Enhance – database computing enhancement engine
		Pluggable – building a database-oriented functional ecosystem
	Plugin platform introduction and SPI
		The pluggable architecture of Apache ShardingSphere
		Extensible algorithms and interfaces
	User-defined functions and strategies – SQL parser, sharding, read/write splitting, distributed transactions
		Customizing your SQL parser
		Customizing the data sharding feature
		Read/write splitting
		Distributed transactions
	User-defined functions and strategies – encryption, SQL authority, user authentication, shadow DB, distributed governance
		Data encryption
		User authentication
		SQL authority
		Shadow DB
		Distributed governance
		Scaling
	ShardingSphere-Proxy – tuning properties and user scenarios
		Properties introduction
		Extensible algorithms
	Summary
Chapter 9: Baseline and Performance Test System Introduction
	Technical requirements
	Baseline
		Benchmarking tools
		BenchmarkSQL
		A good-to-know alternative benchmarking tool
		Databases
		ShardingSphere
	Performance testing
		Test preparation
	Summary
Chapter 10: Testing Frequently Encountered Application Scenarios
	Technical requirements
	Testing distributed database scenarios
		Preparing to test your distributed system
		Deployment and configuration
		How to run your testing on a distributed system
		Analyzing a ShardingSphere-Proxy data display – the sharding feature
	Scenario-based testing for database security
		Preparing to test your database security
		Deployment and configuration
		How to run your testing on database security
		Report analysis
	Synthetic monitoring
		Preparing to test synthetic monitoring
		Deployment and configuration
		How to run your testing on synthetic monitoring
		Report analysis
	Database gateway
		Preparation to test the database gateway
		Deployment and configuration
		How to run your testing on a database gateway
		Report analysis
	Summary
Chapter 11: Exploring the Best Use Cases for ShardingSphere
	Technical requirements
	Recommended distributed database solution
		Two clients to choose from
		Your DBMS
		Sharding strategy
		Distributed transaction
		HA and the read/write splitting strategy
		Elastic scaling
		Distributed governance
	Recommended database security solution
		Implementing ShardingSphere for database security
		Two clients to choose from
		Applying a data security solution to your DBMS
		Data encryption/data masking
		Data migration with encryption
		Authentication
		SQL authority/privilege checking
	Recommended synthetic monitoring solution
		Flow gateway
		Application performance monitoring and Cyborg Agent
		Database shield
	Recommended database gateway solution
		Overview and architecture
		Database management
		Read/write splitting
	Summary
Chapter 12: Applying Theory to Practical Real-World Examples
	Technical requirements
	Distributed database solution
		Case 1 – ShardingSphere-Proxy + ShardingSphere-JDBC + PostgreSQL + distributed transaction + cluster mode + the MOD sharding algorithm
		Case 2 – ShardingSphere-Proxy + MySQL + read/write splitting + cluster mode + HA + RANGE sharding algorithm + scaling
	Database security
		Case 3 – ShardingSphere-Proxy + ShardingSphere-JDBC + PostgreSQL + data encryption
		Case 4 – ShardingSphere-Proxy + MySQL + data masking + authentication + checking privileges
	Synthetic monitoring
		Case 5 – Synthetic monitoring
		The deployment architecture
	Database gateway
		The deployment architecture
		The example configuration
		The recommended cloud/on-premises server
		Start and test it!
	Summary
Appendix and the Evolution of the Apache ShardingSphere Open Source Community
	How to leverage the documentation to find answers to your questions
		Example project introduction
		How to use the example project section
		Scenarios and examples
	Source code, license, and version
		shardingsphere-kernel
		shardingsphere-infra
		shardingsphere-jdbc
		shardingsphere-db-protocol
		shardingsphere-proxy
		shardingsphere-mode
		shardingsphere-features
	License introduction
		Version introduction
	Open source community
	Open source contribution
	Website and documentation
		Websites
		Channels
	Concluding note
Index
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