Wild Food Plants for Zero Hunger and Resilient Agriculture

Preface
Contents
Editors and Contributors
Chapter 1: An Introduction to Wild Food Plants for Zero Hunger and Resilient Agriculture
	1.1 Introduction
	1.2 Different Categories of WFPs
		1.2.1 Grain legumes
		1.2.2 Root and Tuber Crops
		1.2.3 Leafy Vegetables
		1.2.4 Fruits
		1.2.5 Oilseed Crops
		1.2.6 Other Crops
	1.3 Diversity of Wild Food Plants
	1.4 The Role of WFPs in Achieving Zero Hunger
	1.5 Resilience of WFPs
	1.6 Other Benefits
		1.6.1 Medicinal Potentials
		1.6.2 Economic Potential
		1.6.3 Sociocultural Potential
	1.7 Challenges Associated with WFPs
	1.8 Conclusions and Future Prospects
	References
Chapter 2: The Culture Has Not Faded: Reliance on Diverse Wild Edible Plants in Prehistory, History, and Modern Times
	2.1 Introduction
	2.2 Human History: Hunting and Gathering-The Spectra of Wild Edible Resources
	2.3 A Parallel Resource to Agricultural Production and Changing Dynamics
	2.4 Various Dimensions of Wild Edible Plants in the Anthropogenic Landscapes
		2.4.1 Agricultural Weeds
		2.4.2 Other Nondomesticated Biota
	2.5 The Cultural Legacy of Gathering: Consuming Various Wild Plants and Their Diversity
	2.6 Heterogeneity in Use: Role of Culture
	2.7 Implications for Food Security Policies and Sustainable Food System
	References
Chapter 3: Wild Food Plants: History, Use, and Impacts of Globalization
	3.1 Introduction
	3.2 History and Culture of WFPs
	3.3 Documenting the Use of WFPs
	3.4 Socioeconomic Status of WFPs
	3.5 Impacts of Globalization and WFPs
	3.6 Health and Nutritional Benefits
	3.7 Diversity and Food Security
	3.8 Conservation and Sustainable Use
	3.9 Monitoring and Co-management
	3.10 Challenges Ahead
	3.11 Policy and Interventions
	3.12 Conclusions
	References
Chapter 4: A Cross-continental Survey of Traditional Food Systems That Are Based on Wild Food Plants
	4.1 Introduction
	4.2 Wild Food Plants
	4.3 Traditional Food Systems Based on Wild Food Plants
	4.4 Wild Food Plant-Based Traditional Foods as a Source of Healthy and Nutritious Diets
	4.5 Traditional Food Systems and Food Security
	4.6 Cultural Importance of Traditional Food Systems
	4.7 Environmental Importance of Traditional Food Systems
	4.8 Traditional Food Systems and Climate Change
	4.9 Conclusions and Future Prospects
	References
Chapter 5: Usage of Wild Edible Plants Among Upland Indigenous Communities of Northeastern States of India
	5.1 Introduction
	5.2 Potential Usage of Wild Edible Resources in Different States in Northeast India
		5.2.1 Arunachal Pradesh
		5.2.2 Assam
		5.2.3 Manipur
		5.2.4 Meghalaya
		5.2.5 Mizoram
		5.2.6 Nagaland
		5.2.7 Sikkim
		5.2.8 Tripura
	5.3 Wild Edible Plants: Alternate Source of Nutrition and Food Security
		5.3.1 Wild Edible Fruits
		5.3.2 Wild Edible Leafy Vegetables
		5.3.3 Wild Edible Ferns
		5.3.4 Wild Edible Mushroom
		5.3.5 Wild Edible Flowers
	5.4 Conclusion and Future Perspectives
	References
Chapter 6: Nutritional and Health Benefits of High Altitude Wild Food Plant, Hippophae rhamnoides for the Himalayan Communities
	6.1 Introduction
	6.2 Nutritional Composition
	6.3 Ethnomedicinal Uses of Sbt
	6.4 Importance of Sbt for Himalayan Communities
	6.5 Pharmacotherapeutic Uses of Sbt
		6.5.1 Antioxidant Capacity
		6.5.2 Anti-inflammatory Capacity
		6.5.3 Antiaging Effects
		6.5.4 Neuroprotective Effects
		6.5.5 Radioprotective Capacity
		6.5.6 Influence Gut Microbiota
		6.5.7 Antifungal Capacity
		6.5.8 Anticancer Activity
		6.5.9 Antibacterial Capacity
		6.5.10 Hepatoprotective Effects
		6.5.11 Other Uses
	6.6 Conclusions
	References
Chapter 7: Nutritional Potential of Wild Edible Rose Hips in India for Food Security
	7.1 Introduction
	7.2 Ethnomedicinal Uses
	7.3 Nutritional Composition
		7.3.1 Vitamins and Minerals
		7.3.2 Carbohydrates and Proteins
		7.3.3 Carotenoids and Tocopherols
		7.3.4 Phenolics, Flavonoids, and Tannins
		7.3.5 Terpenes
		7.3.6 FAs and Galactolipids
		7.3.7 Dietary Fibers
	7.4 Conclusions and Future Prospects
	References
Chapter 8: Ethnic Mountain Foods of Western and Eastern Himalayas, India
	8.1 Introduction
	8.2 Selected Wild Food Plants Found in the Eastern and Western Himalayas
		8.2.1 Traditional Ethnic Foods Prepared from the Wild Food Plants
		8.2.2 Processing, Marketing, and Supply Chain Management of Wild Mountain Food Plants
		8.2.3 Ethnoveterinary Uses of the Selected Plants in Western and Eastern Himalayas
	8.3 Nutritional Value
	8.4 Medicinal Importance of the Selected Plants
	8.5 Phytoconstituents of the Selected Mountain Wild Food Plants
	8.6 Conclusions and Future Prospects
	References
Chapter 9: Re-emergence of Pseudocereals as Superfoods for Food Security and Human Health: Current Progress and Future Prospec...
	9.1 Introduction
	9.2 History and Naming of the Pseudocereals
		9.2.1 Amaranth
		9.2.2 Quinoa
		9.2.3 Chia
		9.2.4 Buckwheat
	9.3 The Traditional Importance of Pseudocereals
	9.4 Re-emergence of Pseudocereals as Superfoods
		9.4.1 Nutritional Importance (Compared with Cereals)
		9.4.2 Medicinal Importance
			9.4.2.1 Gluten-Free Foods
			9.4.2.2 Prebiotics/Probiotics in Pseudocereals for Maintaining Gut Health
			9.4.2.3 Bioactive Compounds
	9.5 Pseudocereals as Climate-Smart Crops
	9.6 Genetics and Genomics of Pseudocereals
	9.7 Challenges in Using Pseudocereals
	9.8 Conclusions and Future Prospects
	References
Chapter 10: Nutraceutical Potential of Tropical Wild Edible Plants of India
	10.1 Introduction
	10.2 Relevance of Plant-Based Nutraceuticals in the Present Era
	10.3 People and Wild Food Plants
	10.4 What Are Nutraceuticals?
	10.5 Nutraceutical Market
	10.6 Wild Edible Plants with Medicinal Attributes
	10.7 Conservation Aspects and Challenges
		10.7.1 Conservation
		10.7.2 Challenges
	10.8 Conclusion and Future Perspectives
	References
Chapter 11: Utilization of Wild Food Plants for Crop Improvement Programs
	11.1 Introduction
	11.2 The Wild Crop Relatives´ Diversity
	11.3 Importance of Crop Wild Relatives
	11.4 Crop Improvement: Importance and Methods Adopted
		11.4.1 Plant Introduction
		11.4.2 Polyploidy Breeding
		11.4.3 Distant Hybridizations
		11.4.4 Advanced Backcross: QTL Analysis
		11.4.5 Genetic Engineering
		11.4.6 Gene Editing
	11.5 Crop Wild Relatives as a Promising Resource for Crop Improvement
		11.5.1 Biotic Stress Tolerance
		11.5.2 Abiotic Stress Tolerance
		11.5.3 Nutritional Improvement
		11.5.4 Yield Improvement
	11.6 Challenges and Strategies to Overcome Barriers in Using CWR for Crop Breeding
	11.7 Conclusions
	References
Chapter 12: Conservation of Wild Food Plants and Crop Wild Relatives: Planning, Strategies, Priorities, and Legal Frameworks
	12.1 Introduction
	12.2 Relevance of Crop Wild Relatives and Wild Food Plants
	12.3 Status of Crop Wild Relatives and Wild Food Plants at the Global, National, Regional and Local Levels
	12.4 Threats to Wild Food Plants and Crop Wild Relatives
	12.5 Conservation Priorities and Strategies
		12.5.1 Conservation Priorities
		12.5.2 Conservation Strategies
	12.6 Legal Frameworks for the Protection of CWRs and WFPs
	12.7 Future Prospects of CWRs and WFPs
	12.8 Conclusions
	References
Chapter 13: Databases Relevant to Wild Food Plants
	13.1 Introduction
	13.2 Need for Databases
	13.3 Databases for Wild Food Plants
		13.3.1 Distribution, Taxonomy, and Traditional Uses Related
		13.3.2 Chromosome Number and Genomics-Related Databases
		13.3.3 Phytochemistry-Related Databases
	13.4 Conclusions
	References
Chapter 14: A Comprehensive Update on Traditional Agricultural Knowledge of Farmers in India
	14.1 Introduction
	14.2 Various Traditional Practices of Farmers
		14.2.1 Crop Production and Management
		14.2.2 Plant Protection
		14.2.3 Farm Machine and Tools
		14.2.4 Soil and Water Management
		14.2.5 Animal Husbandry
		14.2.6 Medicinal and Aromatic Plants against Diseases
		14.2.7 Stored Grain Pests´ Management
		14.2.8 Weed Management
		14.2.9 Food Products
	14.3 Conclusions and Future Directions
	References