War veterans and fascism in interwar Europe

Cover......Page 1
Half-title......Page 3
Series information......Page 4
Title page......Page 5
Copyright information......Page 6
Epigraph......Page 7
Table of contents......Page 9
List of Figures and Tables......Page 11
Acknowledgements......Page 12
List of Abbreviations......Page 14
Introduction......Page 17
 War Veterans......Page 18
 Fascism......Page 24
 Methodologies......Page 27
Part I Fascism and Veterans after the Great War......Page 33
 1 Great War Veterans and the Origins of Fascism, 1914–1919......Page 35
  The Italian Experience of the First World War......Page 36
  Veterans and the Aftermath of War in Western Europe......Page 47
   Germany......Page 49
   France......Page 57
   The Other Allies and Spain......Page 59
  Veterans and the Birth of Italian Fascism......Page 61
  The Anti-Bolshevik Veterans: A Symbolic Appropriation......Page 70
 2 War Veterans and the Rise of Italian Fascism, 1920–1922......Page 84
  From Arditismo to Squadrismo......Page 85
  The Fascist Veterans: A Travelling Stereotype......Page 97
  Italian War Veterans and the Fascist Seizure of Power......Page 105
  Veterans and the Transnational Impact of the March on Rome......Page 111
   France......Page 115
   Spain......Page 118
   Germany......Page 123
Part II Fascism and Veterans during the 1920s......Page 129
 3 Veterans under Fascist Rule, 1923–1925......Page 131
  The Beginnings of a Relationship: Veterans and Mussolini’s Government......Page 134
  The Struggle for Organization: The ANC and the PNF......Page 143
  The Struggle for Ideology: Combattentismo and Apoliticità......Page 149
   Unleashing Fascistizzazione......Page 158
   Spaces......Page 160
   Discourses and Symbols......Page 163
   Actors, Practices and Strategies......Page 165
   Consolidating Fascist Rule......Page 170
 4 Veterans and Fascism: Consolidation and European Expansion, 1925–1929......Page 175
  The Myth of the Fascist Veterans in France: The Faisceau......Page 177
  The Myth of the Fascist Veterans in Germany: the Stahlhelm and the NSDAP......Page 187
  The Fascist Veterans and the FIDAC......Page 198
  The Fascist ANC......Page 205
Part III Fascism and Veterans during the 1930s......Page 211
 5 Transnational Fascism and Veterans, 1929–1935......Page 213
   Fascist Veterans and the Leap into Europe......Page 214
   Transnational Entanglements: Veteran Politics and Culture......Page 219
   The Transforming Model of Fascist Italy......Page 229
   Spain and the Falange Española......Page 233
   France and the Croix de Feu......Page 237
  The Third Reich......Page 241
  The Veterans’ Connection in Italy, France and Germany......Page 249
 6 Veterans between Fascism and Anti-Fascism, War and Peace, 1936–1940......Page 258
  The Fascist Veterans and the Ethiopian War......Page 259
  Veterans and the Crisis of Anti-Fascism and Pacifism......Page 263
  Fascist Italy, Francoist Spain and the Culmination of the Model......Page 273
  Fascist and French Veterans and the Path towards Vichy France......Page 281
 Conclusion......Page 290
  On-Line Libraries and Archives......Page 295
   Published in Spain......Page 296
   Published in Italy......Page 297
   Published in Germany......Page 299
 Books and Pamphlets......Page 300
 Published Document Collections......Page 304
Bibliography......Page 305
Index......Page 323