Vibration engineering for a sustainable future : experiments, materials and signal processing. Vol. 2

Preface
Acknowledgement
Organization
	Local Organizing Committee
	Steering Committee
	Scientific Committee
	UTS Support Staff and Volunteers
	Reviewers
Organiser APVC 2019
Sponsors and Exhibitors, APVC 2019
	Accelerate Discovery with the NI Platform
Special Sessions
	Topic: Recent Advances on Vibration Control of Engineering Structures
	Topic: Active Noise Control for a Quieter Future
	Topic: Noise, Vibration and Their Applications in Electricity Power Systems
	Topic: Applications and Advances in Laser Doppler Vibrometry
Contents
Part I Measurement Techniques and Sensors
	1 Simulation and Measurement of an Electric Driven Turbocharger Test Rig with Full Floating Ring Bearing
		1.1 Introduction
		1.2 Simulation of Run-Up
		1.3 Electric Driven Test Rig for TC
		1.4 Measurement of Floating Ring Speed
		1.5 Comparison of Simulation and Measurement
		1.6 Conclusion
		References
	2 Visualization of Strain Distribution in Tire Tread Block Using Intermittent Digital Camera System
		2.1 Introduction
		2.2 Measurement System
		2.3 Measurement Experiment
			2.3.1 Experiment Outline
			2.3.2 Image Processing
			2.3.3 Measurement Result
		2.4 Conclusion
		References
	3 Field Measurements of the Attenuation of Vibration Between an Underground Tunnel and Ground Surface Through Sydney Sandstone and Shale
		3.1 Introduction
		3.2 Ground Attenuation Measurements
			3.2.1 Measurement Sites
			3.2.2 Vibration Source in Tunnel
			3.2.3 Measurements on Surface
		3.3 Results
			3.3.1 Comparison of Near-Field and Far-Field Vibration Levels
			3.3.2 Vibration Reduction Between Tunnel and Ground Surface
		3.4 Empirical Ground Attenuation Models
		3.5 Conclusion
		References
	4 Experimental Study on Rail Corrugation Development with 1/10 Scale Model
		4.1 Introduction
		4.2 Experimental Setup and Measurement
			4.2.1 Bogie and Track
			4.2.2 Physical Parameters
			4.2.3 Measurement Method
		4.3 Results and Discussion
			4.3.1 Rail Surface Condition and Shape
			4.3.2 Rail Acceleration and Contact Force
			4.3.3 Wheel/Rail Shape and Contact Position
		4.4 Conclusion
		References
	5 Measurement and Dynamic Mode Analysis of Flow-Induced Noise with Combined Proper Orthogonal Decomposition
		5.1 Introduction
		5.2 Experimental Method
			5.2.1 Experimental Setup
			5.2.2 Combined Proper Orthogonal Decomposition
		5.3 Results and Discussions
		5.4 Summary
		References
Part II Experimental Modal Testing and Analysis
	6 Accuracy Improvement to the Identified Modal Parameters of Systems with General Viscous Damping
		6.1 Introduction
		6.2 Notation
		6.3 Theory
		6.4 Numerical Experiments and Discussion
		6.5 Conclusions
		References
	7 Classification of Characteristic Modes for Vibration Reduction
		7.1 Introduction
		7.2 Mode Classification Method
			7.2.1 Simplified FEM Model for Demonstration
			7.2.2 Approach for Mode Classification
			7.2.3 Mode Classification
		7.3 Vibration Reduction Method
			7.3.1 Approaches for Vibration Reduction
			7.3.2 Rational Strategy for Vibration Reduction of Coupled Modes
		7.4 Conclusion
		References
	8 Vision-Based Modal Testing of Hyper-Nyquist Frequency Range Using Time-Phase Transformation
		8.1 Introduction
		8.2 Theory of Hyper-Nyquist Frequency Range Measurement by Dynamic Photogrammetry Using Time to Phase Transformation
			8.2.1 Excitation Signal for Modal Testing
			8.2.2 Time to Phase Transformation
		8.3 Experiment
			8.3.1 Setup
			8.3.2 Results
		8.4 Conclusion
		References
	9 Experimental Investigation on the Effect of Tuned Mass Damper on Mode Coupling Chatter in Turning Process of Thin-Walled Cylindrical Workpiece
		9.1 Introduction
		9.2 Experimental Setup and Vibration Characteristic of Workpiece
		9.3 Vibration Mode of Workpiece During Mode Coupling Chatter
		9.4 Effect of TMD on Mode Coupling Chatter
		9.5 Conclusion
		References
	10 Eliminating the Influence of Additional Sensor Mass on Structural Natural Frequency in the Modal Experiment
		10.1 Introduction
		10.2 A Cantilever Beam and Its Accurate Mode Frequencies
			10.2.1 Accurate First-Order Frequency
			10.2.2 Accurate 2nd-Order Frequency
			10.2.3 Accurate 3rd-Order Frequency
		10.3 A Suspended Beam and Its Accurate Mode Frequencies
			10.3.1 Accurate 1st-Order Frequency
			10.3.2 Accurate 2nd-Order Frequency
			10.3.3 Accurate 3rd-Order Frequency
		10.4 Conclusions
		References
Part III Dynamic Behaviour of Materials Including Nano-composite Structures and Vibration Absorbing Materials
	11 A Study of the Vibration Reduction Effect of Sound Absorbing Material Within Acoustic Box
		11.1 Introduction
		11.2 Experiment
			11.2.1 Experimental Model and Sound Absorbing Material
			11.2.2 Vibration Experiment
			11.2.3 Experimental Results
		11.3 Numerical Simulations
		11.4 Conclusions
		References
	12 Experimental Study on the Effects of Pickguard Material on the Sound Quality of Electric Guitars
		12.1 Introduction
		12.2 Experimental
			12.2.1 Measurement of Performance Sounds
			12.2.2 Measurement of Vibrational Modes
		12.3 Results and Discussions
			12.3.1 Measurement of Performance Sounds
			12.3.2 Measurement of Vibrational Modes
		12.4 Summary
		References
	13 Influence of Pulverized Material on Vibration and Sound Characteristics of an Operating Ball Mill
		13.1 Introduction
		13.2 Analysis Method [6]
			13.2.1 Distinct Element Method (DEM)
			13.2.2 Vibration and Radiated Sound Analysis
		13.3 Analysis Conditions
		13.4 Analysis Results
		13.5 Conclusions
		References
	14 Three-Dimensional Strain Calculation of Rubber Composite with Fiber-Shaped Particles by Feature Point Tracking Using X-Ray Computed Tomography
		14.1 Introduction
		14.2 Composite Material Fabrication
		14.3 Dynamic Viscoelasticity Test
			14.3.1 Measurement Method
			14.3.2 Measurement Result
		14.4 Calculation of 3D Strain Distribution
			14.4.1 X-Ray CT Method
			14.4.2 Strain Distribution Calculation Method
			14.4.3 Strain Distribution Calculation Result
		14.5 Conclusion
		References
	15 Experimental Study on a Passive Vibration Isolator Utilizing Dynamic Characteristics of a Post-Buckled Shape Memory Alloy
		15.1 Introduction
		15.2 Conceptual Design of the Isolator and Experimental Realization
		15.3 Static Restoring Force of Post-Buckled SMA
		15.4 Transmissibility of the Isolator
		15.5 Conclusion and Future Work
		References
	16 Vibration Reduction of a Composite Plate with Inertial Nonlinear Energy Sink
		16.1 Introduction
		16.2 Dynamic Model
		16.3 Numerical Simulations and Analysis
			16.3.1 The Mode of the Plate
			16.3.2 The Location and Number of the NES
		16.4 Conclusion
		References
	17 Vibration Analysis of Harmonically Excited Antisymmetric Cross-Ply and Angle-Ply Laminated Composite Plates
		17.1 Introduction
		17.2 Mathematical Modelling
		17.3 Results and Discussion
		17.4 Conclusion
		References
	18 Analysis of Influence of Multilayer Ceramic Capacitor Mounting Method on Circuit Board Vibration
		18.1 Introduction
		18.2 Finite Element Model Construction
		18.3 Numerical Simulations and Analysis
		References
Part IV Dynamic Model Updating and System Identification
	19 Comparison of the Input Identification Methods for the Rigid Structure Mounted on the Elastic Support
		19.1 Introduction
		19.2 Theory
			19.2.1 Input Identification Method
				19.2.1.1 Matrix Inversion Method
				19.2.1.2 Apparent Mass Method
			19.2.2 Window Function
			19.2.3 Contraction of the Excitation Force to the Center of Gravity
			19.2.4 Frequency Averaged Error
		19.3 Excitation Experiment
		19.4 Input Identification Result
			19.4.1 Input Identification Result in the Frequency Domain
			19.4.2 Input Identification Result in the Time Domain
			19.4.3 Discussion
		19.5 Conclusion
		References
	20 Iterative Learning Control for Vision-Based Robotic Grasping
		20.1 Introduction
		20.2 Kinematics Models
		20.3 Iterative Learning Control
		20.4 Simulation
		20.5 Experiment
		20.6 Conclusions
		References
	21 Floor Response Spectrum of Nuclear Power Plant Structure Considering Soil-Structure Interaction
		21.1 Introduction
		21.2 Numerical Modelling
			21.2.1 Structural Model
			21.2.2 Input Motion
			21.2.3 Soil Profile
		21.3 Soil-Structure Interaction Methodology
		21.4 Result
		21.5 Conclusion
		References
	22 Real-Time Identification of Vehicle Motion-Modes
		22.1 Introduction
		22.2 Vehicle Modelling
		22.3 Motion-Mode Energy Method
		22.4 Motion-Mode Classification by LSTM
		22.5 Numerical Simulations
		22.6 Conclusion
		References
	23 Estimation of Normalized Eigenmodes and Natural Frequencies by Using the Effect of Accelerometers Mass
		23.1 Introduction
		23.2 Mass Change Method
		23.3 Numerical Example
		23.4 Experiment
		23.5 Conclusion
		References
Part V Structural Health and Machine Condition Monitoring
	24 Pitting Fault Severity Diagnosis of Spur Gears Using Vibration and Acoustic Emission Sensor Measurements
		24.1 Introduction
		24.2 Experimental Setup
		24.3 Fault-Sensitive Health Indicators
		24.4 Results and Discussion
		24.5 Conclusion
		References
	25 Loosening Detection of a Bolted Joint Based on Monitoring Dynamic Characteristics in the Ultrasonic Frequency Region
		25.1 Introduction
		25.2 Bolted Joint
		25.3 Experimental Modal Testing in the Ultrasonic Frequency Region
			25.3.1 Measurement of the Frequency Response Functions
			25.3.2 Loosening Detection of a Bolted Joint
		25.4 Conclusions
		References
	26 Gas Turbine Fault Detection Using a Self-Organising Map
		26.1 Introduction
		26.2 Self-Organising Map
		26.3 Data Collection and Machine Trending
		26.4 Results and Discussion
		26.5 Conclusion
		References
	27 A Comparative Analysis Between EMD- and VMD-Based Tacho-Less Order Tracking Techniques for Fault Detectionin Gears
		27.1 Introduction
		27.2 Theoretical Background
			27.2.1 Gear Mesh Vibration Signal
			27.2.2 VMD Basics
			27.2.3 Tacho-Less Fault Detection Algorithm
		27.3 Simulation Analysis
		27.4 Conclusion and Future Work
		References
	28 An Effective Indicator for Defect Detection in Concrete Structures by Rotary Hammering
		28.1 Introduction
		28.2 Experiment
			28.2.1 Experimental Method
			28.2.2 Effect of Defect Depth on Time Waveform
			28.2.3 Effect of Defect Depth on Frequency Spectrum
		28.3 Effective Indicator
		28.4 The k-Means Clustering-Based Defect Detection
		28.5 Conclusions
		References
	29 A Vibration-Based Strategy for Structural Health Monitoring with Cosine Similarity
		29.1 Introduction
		29.2 Methodology
			29.2.1 Damage Estimation Vector and Matrix
			29.2.2 Normalized Warning Index and Damage Reflection Vector
			29.2.3 Damage Identification with Cosine Similarity
		29.3 Verification and Conclusions
		References
	30 A New Testing Method for Bolt Loosening with Transmitted Ultrasonic Pulse
		30.1 Introduction
		30.2 Testing Method for Bolt Loosening with Transmitted Ultrasonic Pulse
		30.3 Experiment
			30.3.1 Experimental Setup
			30.3.2 Result
		30.4 Discussion
			30.4.1 Mode Conversion on a Flank
			30.4.2 Identification of the Transmission Paths
			30.4.3 Relationships Between the Tightening Torque and the Transmitted Pulse
		30.5 Conclusion
		References
Part VI Vibration Isolation and Reduction
	31 Vibration Isolation Performance of an LQR-Stabilised Planar Quasi-zero Stiffness Magnetic Levitation System
		31.1 Introduction
		31.2 Maglev System Design and Modelling
		31.3 LQR with Pattern Search Algorithm
		31.4 Numerical Results and Discussion
		31.5 Conclusion
		References
	32 Proposition of Isolation Table Considering the Long-Period Earthquake Ground Motion (Method of Changing Natural Frequency of Isolation System with Additional Spring)
		32.1 Introduction
		32.2 Outline of Proposed Isolation System
		32.3 Validity Check by Numerical Simulation
			32.3.1 Parameter Setting
			32.3.2 Simulation Conditions
			32.3.3 Simulation Results
		32.4 Outline of Experimental Equipment of Isolation Table
		32.5 Results of Experiment
			32.5.1 Sine Sweep Excitation Experiment
			32.5.2 Actual Ground Motion Excitation Experiment
		32.6 Conclusions
		References
	33 Experimental Vibration Analysis of Seismic Isolation System Using Inertial Mass Damper
		33.1 Introduction
		33.2 Model
		33.3 Experiment Method
		33.4 Result
			33.4.1 Analysis Result
			33.4.2 Experimental Result
		33.5 Conclusion
		References
	34 Development of Sliding-Type Semi-active Dynamic Vibration Absorber Using Active Electromagnetic Force
		34.1 Introduction
		34.2 Configuration of the Dynamic Vibration Absorber System
			34.2.1 Structure of the Dynamic Vibration Absorber with a Voice Coil Motor
			34.2.2 Calculation Model of Dynamic Vibration Absorber with Voice Coil Motor
		34.3 Controller for Tuning Proportional and Derivative Gains
			34.3.1 Controller Overview
			34.3.2 Proportional and Derivative Gains
		34.4 Natural Frequency and Damping Ratio
			34.4.1 Equation of Motion of Mass with Active Electromagnetic Force
			34.4.2 Measurement of Natural Frequency and Damping Ratio
		34.5 Conclusions
		References
	35 Development of a Vibration Isolator Using Air Suspensions with Slit Restrictions
		35.1 Introduction
		35.2 Configuration of the Proposed Vibration Isolator
		35.3 Numerical Analysis
		35.4 Experimental Apparatus and Procedure
		35.5 Experimental and Numerical Results
		35.6 Conclusions
		References
	36 Development of a Tuning Algorithm for a DynamicVibration Absorber with a Variable-Stiffness Property
		36.1 Introduction
		36.2 MRE-Based Variable-Stiffness DVA
			36.2.1 Summary of an MRE
			36.2.2 The MRE-Based Variable-Stiffness DVA
		36.3 Frequency Estimation Method for Tuning
			36.3.1 Zero Crossing Method
			36.3.2 Frequency Estimation Method Based on an ALE
		36.4 Fundamental Test of the Variable-Stiffness DVA
			36.4.1 Natural Frequency and Damping Ratio Changeability
			36.4.2 Damping Performance Evaluation as a Passive Damper
		36.5 Real-Time Control Using the Proposed Tuning Algorithm
		36.6 Conclusion
		References
	37 Design Approach of Laminated Rubber Bearings for Seismic Isolation of Plant Equipment
		37.1 Introduction
		37.2 Characteristics of Equipment Isolation
		37.3 Design of Small LRBs for NPP Equipment
			37.3.1 Design of Horizontal Stiffness
			37.3.2 Design of Vertical Stiffness
			37.3.3 Specification of the Prototype Design
		37.4 Static Performance Test and Analysis
		37.5 Conclusion and Future Research
		References
Part VII Noise, Vibration and Their Applications in Electricity Power Systems
	38 Sound Transmission of Beam-Stiffened Thick Plates
		38.1 Introduction
		38.2 The Mathematical Model
		38.3 A Numerical Analysis
			38.3.1 Plate Vibration Response (In Vacuo)
			38.3.2 Sound Transmission
			38.3.3 Sound Radiation
		38.4 Conclusions
		References
	39 On the Feasibility of Transformer Insulation Aging Detection with Vibration Measurements
		39.1 Introduction
		39.2 Multi-Physical Aging of Insulation Papers
			39.2.1 Experimental Setup
			39.2.2 Thermal Aging of Insulation Papers
			39.2.3 Multi-physical Aging of Insulation Papers
		39.3 Vibration Variation Due to Insulation Aging
		References
	40 Study on the Effectiveness of Transformer Equivalent to Point Source in Substation
		40.1 Introduction
		40.2 Modeling and Simulation
			40.2.1 Transformer Equivalent Model
			40.2.2 Modal Analysis
			40.2.3 Harmonic Response Analysis
			40.2.4 Acoustic Directivity Analysis
		40.3 Results and Analysis
		40.4 Conclusion
		References
	41 Transformer Acoustic Equivalent Model in EngineeringApplication
		41.1 Introduction
		41.2 Equivalent Source Method
		41.3 Beamforming Analysis of Transformer Noise
		41.4 Transformer Equivalent Acoustic Model
		41.5 Equivalent Model Verification
		41.6 Conclusion
		References
	42 Simulation Study on Noise Reduction Effect of Substation Noise Barrier
		42.1 Introduction
		42.2 Modeling
		42.3 Result and Analysis
			42.3.1 Sound Pressure Map
		42.4 Sound Pressure Directivity
		42.5 Conclusion
		References
	43 Fault Recognition of Induction Motor Based on Convolutional Neural Network Using Stator Current Signal
		43.1 Introduction
		43.2 Induction Motor Fault Recognition System
		43.3 Experiments and Analysis
			43.3.1 Calculation Environment
			43.3.2 Experimental Test and Results
			43.3.3 The Influence of Structure and Hyper-parameter on CNN
		43.4 Conclusion
		References
	44 A Numerical Study on Active Noise Radiation Control Systems Between Two Parallel Reflecting Surfaces
		44.1 Introduction
		44.2 Theory
		44.3 Numerical Results
		44.4 Conclusions
		References
Part VIII Applications and Advances in Laser Doppler Vibrometry
	45 Characterization of Active Microcantilevers Using Laser Doppler Vibrometry
		45.1 Introduction
		45.2 Dynamic Analyses Using Laser Doppler Vibrometry
			45.2.1 Modal Analysis
			45.2.2 System Identification
			45.2.3 Thermal Stiffness Calibration
		45.3 Conclusion
		References
	46 Experimental Investigation on Generation Mechanism of Friction Vibration in Toner Fixing Device
		46.1 Introduction
		46.2 Relationship Between Friction Torque and Noise Occurrence
		46.3 Identification of Vibration Mode Causing Noise
			46.3.1 Vibration Mode of the Sleeve and the Pressure Roller in Actual Operation
			46.3.2 Effect of Damper Applied to Sleeve on Noise
		46.4 Conclusion
		References
	47 Using a Laser Doppler Vibrometer to Estimate Sound Pressure in Air
		47.1 Introduction
		47.2 Theory
		47.3 Experiments
			47.3.1 Microphone Diaphragm
			47.3.2 The Designed Membrane
		47.4 Conclusion
		References
	48 Experimental and Numerical Modal Analysis of an Axial Compressor Blisk
		48.1 Introduction and Research Objective
		48.2 Test Case and Setup
			48.2.1 Experimental Setup
			48.2.2 Numerical Setup
		48.3 Results
			48.3.1 Natural Frequencies and Double Mode Split
			48.3.2 Mode Shapes
		48.4 Conclusions and Outlook
		References
	49 Effectiveness of Using Damping as a Parameter to Detect Impact Damages in GFRP Plates
		49.1 Introduction
		49.2 Experimental Investigations
			49.2.1 Test Specimens
			49.2.2 Experimental Program
				49.2.2.1 Impact Tests
				49.2.2.2 Shaker Tests
			49.2.3 Results
		49.3 Numerical Analysis
		49.4 Conclusions
		References
	50 Debonding Growth Monitoring Through Ultrasonic Guided Waves Field Imaging
		50.1 Introduction
		50.2 Experimental Setup
		50.3 Wavefield Imaging
			50.3.1 Filtered Wavenumber Imaging
			50.3.2 Local Wavenumber Imaging
		50.4 Results and Discussion
		50.5 Conclusion
		References
	51 Nonlinear Ultrasonic Guided Waves for Damage Detection
		51.1 Introduction
		51.2 Second Harmonic Generation of Ultrasonic Guided Waves
		51.3 Numerical Simulations and Experiments
		51.4 Contact Nonlinearity
			51.4.1 Fatigue Crack in Aluminium Plate
			51.4.2 Debonding in CFRP-Retrofitted Concrete
		51.5 Conclusions
		References
Author Index
Subject Index