UNIX Unbounded: A Beginning Approach

Cover
Contents
1 First Things First
	1.1 INTRODUCTION
	1.2 COMPUTERS: AN OVERVIEW
	1.3 COMPUTER HARDWARE
		1.3.1 Input Devices
		1.3.2 Processor Unit
		1.3.3 Internal Memory
		1.3.4 External Storage
		1.3.5 Output Devices
	1.4 PROCESS OPERATION
		1.4.1 Performance Measurement
	1.5 WHAT IS SOFTWARE?
		1.5.1 System Software
		1.5.2 Application Software
	REVIEW EXERCISES
2 The UNIX Operating System
	2.1 UNIX OPERATING SYSTEM: A BRIEF HISTORY
		2.1.1 UNIX System V
		2.1.2 Berkeley UNIX
		2.1.3 UNIX Standards
	2.2 OTHER UNIX SYSTEMS
		2.2.1 Linux
		2.2.2 Solaris
		2.2.3 Unix Ware
		2.2.4 Which UNIX to Learn?
		2.2.5 X Window System
	2.3 OVERVIEW OF THE UNIX OPERATING SYSTEM
	2.4 UNIX FEATURES
		2.4.1 Portability
		2.4.2 Multiuser Capability
		2.4.3 Multitasking Capability
		2.4.4 Hierarchical File System
		2.4.5 Device-Independent Input and Output Operations
		2.4.6 User Interface: Shell
		2.4.7 Utilities
		2.4.8 System Services
	REVIEW EXERCISES
3 Getting Started
	3.1 ESTABLISHING CONTACT WITH UNIX
		3.1.1 Logging In
		3.1.2 Changing Your Password: The passwd Command
		3.1.3 General Rules for Choosing Passwords
		3.1.4 Logging Off
	3.2 USING SOME SIMPLE COMMANDS
		3.2.1 The Command Line
		3.2.2 Basic Command Line Structure
		3.2.3 Date and Time Display: The date Command
		3.2.4 Information on Users: The who Command
		3.2.5 Displaying a Calendar: The cal Command
	3.3 GETTING HELP
		3.3.1 Using the learn Command
		3.3.2 Using the help Command
		3.3.3 Getting More Information: The UNIX Manual
		3.3.4 Using the Electronic Manual: The man Command
	3.4 CORRECTING TYPING MISTAKES
	3.5 USING SHELLS AND UTILITIES
		3.5.1 Kinds of Shells
		3.5.2 Changing Your Shell
		3.5.3 The Shells in This Book
	3.6 MORE ABOUT THE LOGGING-IN PROCESS
	COMMAND SUMMARY
	REVIEW EXERCISES
		Terminal Session
4 The vi Editor: First Look
	4.1 WHAT IS AN EDITOR?
		4.1.1 UNIX-Supported Editors
	4.2 THE vi EDITOR
		4.2.1 The vi Modes of Operation
	4.3 BASIC vi EDITOR COMMANDS
		4.3.1 Access to the vi Editor
		4.3.2 Cursor Movement Keys: First Look
		4.3.3 Text Input Mode
		4.3.4 Command Mode
		4.3.5 Linux: vi Online Help
	4.4 THE MEMORY BUFFER
	COMMAND SUMMARY
	REVIEW EXERCISES
		Terminal Session
5 Introduction to the UNIX File System
	5.1 DISK ORGANIZATION
	5.2 FILE TYPES UNDER UNIX
	5.3 ALL ABOUT DIRECTORIES
		5.3.1 Important Directories
		5.3.2 The Home Directory
		5.3.3 The Working Directory
		5.3.4 Understanding Paths and Pathnames
		5.3.5 Using File and Directory Names
	5.4 DIRECTORY COMMANDS
		5.4.1 Displaying a Directory Pathname: The pwd Command
		5.4.2 Changing Your Working Directory: The cd Command
		5.4.3 Creating Directories
		5.4.4 Directory Creation: The mkdir Command
		5.4.5 Removing Directories: The rmdir Command
		5.4.6 Listing Directories: The ls Command
		5.4.7 Invisible Files
	5.5 DISPLAYING FILE CONTENTS
		5.5.1 Displaying Files: The cat Command
	5.6 PRINTING FILE CONTENTS
		5.6.1 Printing: The lp Command
		5.6.2 Printing: The lpr Command in Linux
		5.6.3 Canceling a Printing Request: The cancel Command
		5.6.4 Getting the Printer Status: The lpstat Command
	5.7 DELETING FILES
		5.7.1 Before Removing Files
	COMMAND SUMMARY
	REVIEW EXERCISES
		Terminal Session
6 The vi Editor: Last Look
	6.1 MORE ABOUT THE vi EDITOR
		6.1.1 Invoking the vi Editor
		6.1.2 Using the vi Invocation Options
		6.1.3 Editing Multiple Files
	6.2 REARRANGING TEXT
		6.2.1 Moving Lines: dd and p or P
		6.2.2 Copying Lines: yy and p or P
	6.3 SCOPE OF THE vi OPERATORS
		6.3.1 Using the Delete Operator with Scope Keys
		6.3.2 Using the Yank Operator with Scope Keys
		6.3.3 Using the Change Operator with Scope Keys
	6.4 USING BUFFERS IN vi
		6.4.1 The Numbered Buffers
		6.4.2 The Alphabetic Buffers
	6.5 THE CURSOR POSITIONING KEYS
	6.6 CUSTOMIZING THE vi EDITOR
		6.6.1 The Options Formats
		6.6.2 Setting The vi Environment
		6.6.3 Line Length and Wraparound
		6.6.4 Abbreviations and Macros
		6.6.5 The .exrc File
	6.7 THE LAST OF THE GREAT vi COMMANDS
		6.7.1 Running Shell Commands
		6.7.2 Joining Lines
		6.7.3 Searching and Replacing
		6.7.4 File Recovery Option
	COMMAND SUMMARY
	REVIEW EXERCISES
		Terminal Session
7 The Emacs Editor
	7.1 INTRODUCTION
	7.2 STARTING Emacs
	7.3 Emacs SCREEN
		7.3.1 Menu Bar
		7.3.2 Text Mode Menu
		7.3.3 Mode Line
		7.3.4 Echo Line
	7.4 ENDING Emacs
	7.5 HELP IN Emacs
		7.5.1 Using Help: Ctrl-h
		7.5.2 Using Help: Ctrl-h t
		7.5.3 Using Help: Ctrl-h i
	7.6 CURSOR MOVEMENT KEYS
	7.7 DELETING TEXT
		7.7.1 Killing Vs Deleting
		7.7.2 Using Delete Operators/Keys
		7.7.3 Using the Numeric Argument Command: Ctrl-u
		7.7.4 Using the Reinserting Text Command: Ctrl-y
	7.8 REARRANGING TEXT
	7.9 CASE CONVERSION COMMANDS
	7.10 FILE MANIPULATION
		7.10.1 Finding Files
		7.10.2 Using the Finding File Command: [Ctrl-x] [Ctrl-f]
		7.10.3 Canceling a Command: Ctrl-g
	7.11 Emacs BUFFERS
		7.11.1 Saving Buffers
	7.12 FILE RECOVERY OPTION
		7.12.1 Using the File Recovery Command: Alt-x
	7.13 SEARCHING AND REPLACING
		7.13.1 Using the Search Commands: [Ctrl-s] and [Ctrl-r]
		7.13.2 Using Replace String Command: Meta-%
	7.14 Emacs WINDOWS
	7.15 THE .emacs FILE
	7.16 COMMAND LINE OPTIONS
	COMMAND SUMMARY
	REVIEW EXERCISES
		Terminal Session
8 The UNIX File System Continued
	8.1 FILE READING
		8.1.1 The vi Editor Read-Only Version: The view Command
		8.1.2 Reading Files: The pg Command
		8.1.3 Specifying Page or Line Number
	8.2 SHELL REDIRECTION
		8.2.1 Output Redirection
		8.2.2 Input Redirection
		8.2.3 The cat Command Revisited
	8.3 ENHANCED FILE PRINTING
		8.3.1 Practicing Linux Alternative Command Options
	8.4 FILE MANIPULATION COMMANDS
		8.4.1 Copying Files: The cp Command
		8.4.2 Moving Files: The mv Command
		8.4.3 Linking Files: The ln Command
		8.4.4 Counting Words: The wc Command
	8.5 FILENAME SUBSTITUTION
		8.5.1 The ? Metacharacter
		8.5.2 The * Metacharacter
		8.5.3 The [ ] Metacharacters
		8.5.4 Metacharacters and Hidden Files
	8.6 MORE FILE MANIPULATION COMMANDS
		8.6.1 Finding Files: The find Command
		8.6.2 Displaying the Beginning of a File: The head Command
		8.6.3 Displaying the End of a File: The tail Command
		8.6.4 Selecting Portions of a File: The cut Command
		8.6.5 Joining Files: The paste Command
		8.6.6 Another Pager: The more Command
		8.6.7 Linux Pager: The less Command
	8.7 UNIX INTERNALS: THE FILE SYSTEM
		8.7.1 UNIX Disk Structure
		8.7.2 Putting It Together
	COMMAND SUMMARY
	REVIEW EXERCISES
		Terminal Session
9 Exploring the Shell
	9.1 THE UNIX SHELL
		9.1.1 Starting the Shell
		9.1.2 Understanding the Shell’s Major Functions
		9.1.3 Displacing Information: The echo Command
		9.1.4 Removing the Metacharacters’ Special Meanings
	9.2 SHELL VARIABLES
		9.2.1 Displaying and Removing Variables: The set and unset Commands
		9.2.2 Assigning Values to Variables
		9.2.3 Displaying the Values of Shell Variables
		9.2.4 Understanding the Standard Shell Variables
	9.3 MORE METACHARACTERS
		9.3.1 Executing the Commands: Using the Grave Accent Mark
		9.3.2 Sequencing the Commands: Using the Semicolon
		9.3.3 Grouping the Commands: Using Parentheses
		9.3.4 Background Processing: Using the Ampersand
		9.3.5 Chaining the Commands: Using the Pipe Operator
	9.4 MORE UNIX UTILITIES
		9.4.1 Timing a Delay: The sleep Command
		9.4.2 Displaying the PID: The ps Command
		9.4.3 Keep on Running: The nohup Command
		9.4.4 Terminating a Process: The kill Command
		9.4.5 Splitting the Output: The tee Command
		9.4.6 File Searching: The grep Command
		9.4.7 Sorting Text Files: The sort Command
		9.4.8 Sorting on a Specified Field
	9.5 STARTUP FILES
		9.5.1 System Profile
		9.5.2 User Profile
	9.6 KORN AND BOURNE AGAIN SHELLS
		9.6.1 The Shell Variables
		9.6.2 The Shell Options
		9.6.3 Command Line Editing
		9.6.4 The alias Command
		9.6.5 Commands History List: The history Command
		9.6.6 Redoing Commands (ksh): The r (redo) Command
		9.6.7 Commands History List: The fc Command
		9.6.8 Login and Startup
		9.6.9 Adding Event Numbers to the Prompt
		9.6.10 Formatting the Prompt Variable (bash)
	9.7 UNIX PROCESS MANAGEMENT
	COMMAND SUMMARY
	REVIEW EXERCISES
		Terminal Session
10 UNIX Communication
	10.1 WAYS TO COMMUNICATE
		10.1.1 Using Two-Way Communication: The write Command
		10.1.2 Inhibiting Messages: The mesg Command
		10.1.3 Displaying News Items: The news Command
		10.1.4 Broadcasting Messages: The wall Command
		10.1.5 Using Two-Way Communication: The talk Command
	10.2 ELECTRONIC MAIL
		10.2.1 Using Mailboxes
		10.2.2 Sending Mail
		10.2.3 Reading Mail
		10.2.4 Exiting mailx: The q and x Commands
	10.3 mailx INPUT MODE
		10.3.1 Mailing Existing Files
		10.3.2 Sending Mail to a Group of Users
	10.4 mailx COMMAND MODE
		10.4.1 Ways to Read/Display Your Mail
		10.4.2 Ways to Delete Your Mail
		10.4.3 Ways to Save Your Mail
		10.4.4 Ways to Send a Reply
	10.5 CUSTOMIZING THE mailx ENVIRONMENT
		10.5.1 Shell Variables Used by mailx
		10.5.2 Setting Up the .mailrc File
	10.6 COMMUNICATIONS OUTSIDE THE LOCAL SYSTEM
	COMMAND SUMMARY
	REVIEW EXERCISES
		Terminal Session
11 Program Development
	11.1 PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT
	11.2 PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES
		11.2.1 Low-Level Languages
		11.2.2 High-Level Languages
	11.3 PROGRAMMING MECHANICS
		11.3.1 Steps to Creating an Executable Program
		11.3.2 Compilers/Interpreters
	11.4 A SIMPLE C++ PROGRAM
		11.4.1 Correcting Mistakes
		11.4.2 Redirecting the Standard Error
	11.5 UNIX PROGRAM TRACKING UTILITIES
		11.5.1 The make Utility
		11.5.2 The SCCS Utility
	REVIEW EXERCISES
		Terminal Session
12 Shell Programming
	12.1 UNDERSTANDING UNIX SHELL PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE: AN INTRODUCTION
		12.1.1 Writing a Simple Script
		12.1.2 Executing a Script
	12.2 WRITING MORE SHELL SCRIPTS
		12.2.1 Using Special Characters
		12.2.2 Logging Off in Style
		12.2.3 Executing Commands: The dot Command
		12.2.4 Reading Inputs: The read Command
	12.3 EXPLORING THE SHELL PROGRAMMING BASICS
		12.3.1 Comments
		12.3.2 Variables
		12.3.3 The Command Line Parameters
		12.3.4 Conditions And Tests
		12.3.5 Testing Different Categories
		12.3.6 Parameter Substitution
	12.4 ARITHMETIC OPERATIONS
		12.4.1 Arithmetic Operations: The expr Command
		12.4.2 Arithmetic Operations: The let Command
	12.5 THE LOOP CONSTRUCTS
		12.5.1 The For Loop: The for-in-done Construct
		12.5.2 The While Loop: The while-do-done Construct
		12.5.3 The Until Loop: The until-do-done Construct
	12.6 DEBUGGING SHELL PROGRAMS
		12.6.1 The Shell Command
	COMMAND SUMMARY
	REVIEW EXERCISES
		Terminal Session
13 Shell Scripts: Writing Applications
	13.1 WRITING APPLICATIONS
		13.1.1 The lock1 Program
	13.2 UNIX INTERNALS: THE SIGNALS
		13.2.1 Trapping The Signals: The trap Command
		13.2.2 Resetting The Traps
		13.2.3 Setting Terminal Options: The stty Command
	13.3 MORE ABOUT TERMINALS
		13.3.1 The Terminals Database: The terminfo File
		13.3.2 Setting the Terminal Capabilities: The tput Command
		13.3.3 Solving the lock1 Program Problems
	13.4 MORE COMMANDS
		13.4.1 Multiway Branching: The case Construct
		13.4.2 Revisiting the greetings Program
	13.5 A MENU-DRIVEN APPLICATION
		13.5.1 The ULIB Program
		13.5.2 The ERROR Program
		13.5.3 The EDIT Program
		13.5.4 The ADD Program
		13.5.5 Record Retrieval
		13.5.6 The DISPLAY Program
		13.5.7 The UPDATE Program
		13.5.8 The DELETE Program
		13.5.9 The REPORTS Program
		13.5.10 The REPORT_NO Program
	COMMAND SUMMARY
	REVIEW EXERCISES
		Terminal Session
14 FAREWELL TO UNIX
	14.1 DISK SPACE
		14.1.1 Finding Available Disk Space: The df Command
		14.1.2 Summarizing Disk Usage: The du Command
	14.2 MORE UNIX COMMANDS
		14.2.1 Displaying Banners: The banner Command
		14.2.2 Running Commands at a Later time: The at Command
		14.2.3 Revealing the Command Type: The type Command
		14.2.4 Timing Programs: The time Command
		14.2.5 Reminder Service: The calendar Command
		14.2.6 Detailed Information on Users: The finger Command
		14.2.7 Saving and Distributing Files: The tar Command
	14.3 SPELLING ERROR CORRECTION
		14.3.1 spell Options
		14.3.2 Creating Your Own Spelling List
	14.4 UNIX SECURITY
		14.4.1 Password Security
		14.4.2 File Security
		14.4.3 Directory Permission
		14.4.4 The Superuser
		14.4.5 File Encryption: The crypt Command
	14.5 USING FTP
		14.5.1 FTP Basics
		14.5.2 Anonymous FTP
	14.6 WORKING WITH COMPRESSED FILES
		14.6.1 The compress and uncompress Commands
	14.7 THE telnet COMMAND
	14.8 REMOTE COMPUTING
		14.8.1 The Remote Access Command: rpc
		14.8.2 The Remote Access Command: rsh
		14.8.3 The Remote Access Command: rlogin
	COMMAND SUMMARY
	REVIEW EXERCISES
		Terminal Session
Appendix A: Command Index
Appendix B: Command Index by Category
Appendix C: Command Summary
Appendix D: Summary of vi Editor Commands
Appendix E: Summary of Emacs Editor Commands
Appendix F: The ASCII Table
Index
	A
	B
	C
	D
	E
	F
	G
	H
	I
	J
	K
	L
	M
	N
	O
	P
	Q
	R
	S
	T
	U
	V
	W
	X
	Y
	Z