Turbines Compressors and Fans

Cover
Contents
Chapter 1: Introduction
	1.1 Turbomachines
	1.2 Turbines
	1.3 Pumps and Compressors
	1.4 Fans and Blowers
	1.5 Compressible Flow Machines
	1.6 Incompressible Flow Machines
	1.7 Turbine, Compressor and Fan Stages
	1.8 Extended Turbomachines
	1.9 Axial Stages
	1.10 Radial Stages
	1.11 Mixed Flow Stages
	1.12 Impulse Stages
	1.13 Reaction Stages
	1.14 Variable Reaction Stages
	1.15 Multi-stage Machines
	1.16 Stage Velocity Triangles
	1.17 Design Conditions
	1.18 Off-design Conditions
	1.19 Applications
	Notation for Chapter 1
	Questions
Chapter 2: Thermodynamics
	2.1 Basic Definitions and Laws
	2.2 Energy Equation
	2.3 Adiabatic Flow through Nozzles
	2.4 Adiabatic Flow through Diffusers
	2.5 Work and Efficiencies in Turbine Stages
	2.6 Work and Efficiencies in Compressor Stages
	Notation for Chapter 2
	Solved Examples
	Questions and Problems
Chapter 3: Gas Turbine Plants
	3.1 Open and Closed Circuit Plants
	3.2 Gas Turbine Power Cycles
	3.3 Improvements in the Constant Pressure Cycle
	3.4 Aircraft Gas Turbine Plants
	3.5 Gas Turbines for Surface Vehicles
	3.6 Gas Turbines for Electric Power Generation
	3.7 Gas Turbines in Petro-chemical Industries
	3.8 Gas Turbines in Cryogenics
	3.9 Miscellaneous Applications of Gas Turbines
	Notation for Chapter 3
	Solved Examples
	Questions and Problems
Chapter 4: Steam Turbine Plants
	4.1 Types of Steam Turbines
	4.2 Steam Power Cycle
	4.3 Improvements in Plant Efficiency
	4.4 Heat Rate
	4.5 Industrial Steam Turbines
	4.6 Combined Steam and Gas Turbine Plants
	4.7 Nuclear Steam Power Plants
	Notation for Chapter 4
	Solved Examples
	Questions and Problems
Chapter 5: Combined Cycle Plants
	5.1 The Basic Combined Cycle
	5.2 Steam Generators
	5.3 Thermal Efficiencies and Power Output
	5.4 Fuels for Combined Cycle Plants
	5.5 Variable Load Operation
	5.6 Advantages and Disadvantages
	Notation for Chapter 5
	Solved Examples
	Question and Problems
Chapter 6: Fluid Dynamics
	6.1 Basic Definitions
	6.2 Equations of Motion— Cartesian Coordinate System
	6.3 Equations of Motion— Cylindrical Coordinate System
	6.4 Equations of Motion— Natural Coordinate System
	6.5 Further Notes on Energy Equation
	6.6 Isentropic Flow Through Blade Passages
	6.7 High-speed Flows
	6.8 Aerofoil Blades
	6.9 Energy Transfer in Turbomachines
	Notation for Chapter 6
	Solved Examples
	Questions and Problems
Chapter 7: Dimensional Analysis and Performance Parameters
	7.1 Units and Dimensions
	7.2 Buckingham’s p-theorem
	7.3 Principle of Similarity
	7.4 Incompressible Flow Machines
	7.5 Compressible Flow Machines
	7.6 Performance of Turbines
	7.7 Performance of Compressors
	7.8 Performance of Fans and Blowers
	7.9 Performance of Cascades
	Notation for Chapter 7
	Solved Examples
	Questions and Problems
Chapter 8: Flow Through Cascades
	8.1 Two-dimensional Flow
	8.2 Cascade of Blades
	8.3 Cascade Tunnel
	8.4 Axial Turbine Cascade
	8.5 Axial Compressor Cascades
	8.6 Annular Cascades
	8.7 Radial Cascades
	Notation for Chapter 8
	Solved Examples
	Questions and Problems
Chapter 9: Axial Turbine Stages
	9.1 Stage Velocity Triangles
	9.2 Single Impulse Stage
	9.3 Multi-stage Velocity-compounded Impulse
	9.4 Multi-stage Pressure-compounded Impulse
	9.5 Reaction Stages
	9.6 Blade-to-gas Speed Ratio
	9.7 Losses and Efficiencies
	9.8 Performance Charts
	9.9 Low Hub-tip Ratio Stages
	9.10 Partial Admission Turbine Stages
	9.11 Supersonic Flow
	Notation for Chapter 9
	Solved Examples
	Questions and Problems
Chapter 10: High Temperature (Cooled) Turbine Stages
	10.1 Effects of High Gas Temperature
	10.2 Methods of Cooling
	10.3 High Temperature Materials
	10.4 Heat Exchange in a Cooled Blade
	10.5 Ideal Cooled Stage
	10.6 Actual Cooled Stage
	Notation for Chapter 10
	Questions and Problems
Chapter 11: Axial Compressor Stages
	11.1 Stage Velocity Triangles
	11.2 Enthalpy–Entropy Diagram
	11.3 Flow through Blade Rows
	11.4 Stage Losses and Efficiency
	11.5 Work Done Factor
	11.6 Low Hub-Tip Ratio Stages
	11.7 Supersonic and Transonic Stages
	11.8 Performance Characteristics
	Notation for Chapter 11
	Solved Examples
	Questions and Problems
Chapter 12: Centrifugal Compressor Stage
	12.1 Elements of a Centrifugal Compressor Stage
	12.2 Stage Velocity Triangles
	12.3 Enthalpy–Entropy Diagram
	12.4 Nature of Impeller Flow
	12.5 Slip Factor
	12.6 Diffuser
	12.7 Volute Casing
	12.8 Stage Losses
	12.9 Performance Characteristics
	Notation for Chapter 12
	Solved Examples
	Questions and Problems
Chapter 13: Radial Turbine Stages
	13.1 Elements of a Radial Turbine Stage
	13.2 Stage Velocity Triangles
	13.3 Enthalpy–Entropy Diagram
	13.4 Stage Losses
	13.5 Performance Characteristics
	13.6 Outward-flow Radial Stages
	Notation for Chapter 13
	Solved Examples
	Questions and Problems
Chapter 14: Axial Fans and Propellers
	14.1 Fan Applications
	14.2 Axial Fans
	14.3 Fan Stage Parameters
	14.4 Types of Axial Fan Stages
	14.5 Propellers
	14.6 Performance of Axial Fans
	Notation for Chapter 14
	Solved Examples
	Questions and Problems
Chapter 15: Centrifugal Fans and Blowers
	15.1 Types of Centrifugal Fans
	15.2 Centrifugal Fan Stage Parameters
	15.3 Design Parameters
	15.4 Drum-type Fans
	15.5 Partial-flow Fans
	15.6 Losses
	15.7 Fan Bearings
	15.8 Fan Drives
	15.9 Fan Noise
	15.10 Dust Erosion of Fans
	Notation for Chapter 15
	Solved Examples
	Questions and Problems
Chapter 16: Wind Turbines
	16.1 Elements of a Wind Power Plant
	16.2 Available Energy
	16.3 Wind Energy Data
	16.4 Selection of Site
	16.5 Horizontal Axis Wind Turbines
	16.6 Vertical Axis Wind Turbines
	16.7 Wind Power Applications
	16.8 Advantages and Disadvantages
	Notation for Chapter 16
	Solved Examples
	Questions and Problems
Chapter 17: Solar Turbine Plants
	17.1 Elements of a Solar Power Plant
	17.2 Solar Collectors
	17.3 Solar Receivers
	17.4 Solar Energy Storage
	17.5 Solar Ponds
	17.6 Solar Turbines
	17.7 Advantages and Disadvantages
	Notation for Chapter 17
	Questions
Chapter 18: Miscellaneous Solved Problems in Turbomachines
	18.1 Gas Turbine Nozzle
	18.2 Steam Turbine Nozzle
	18.3 Irreversible Flow in Nozzles
	18.4 Diffuser
	18.5 Draft Tube
	18.6 Gas Turbine
	18.7 Reheat Factor (RHF)
	18.8 Air Compressor
	18.9 Gas Turbine Plant
	18.10 Combined Gas and Steam Power Plant
	18.11 Combined Gas and Steam Power Plant
	18.12 Turbo Prop Gas Turbine Engine
	18.13 Turbojet Gas Turbine Engine
	18.14 Ideal Single Stage Impulse Turbine
	18.15 Impluse Steam Turbine
	18.16 Large Centrifugal Pump
	18.17 Three-stage Steam Turbine
	18.18 Ljungstrom Turbine
	18.19 Blower Type Wind Tunnel
	18.20 Axial Turbine Cascade
	18.21 Low Reaction Turbine Stage
	18.22 Isentropic or Stage Terminal Velocity for Turbines
	18.23 Axial Compressor Stage Efficiency
	18.24 Axial Compressor Cascade
	18.25 Two-stage Axial Compressor
	18.26 Axial Compressor Cascade
	18.27 Isentropic Flow Centrifugal Air Compressor
	18.28 Static Pressure Ratio in a Centrifugal Air Compressor
	18.29 Centrifugal Compressor with Vaned Diffuser
	18.30 Inward Flow Radial Gas Turbine
	18.31 Cantilever Type IFR Turbine
	18.32 Relation of Blade to Gas Speed Ratio, Degree of Reaction, Nozzle Angle and Efficiency with Stage Efficiency
	18.33 Vertical Axis Cross-flow Wind Turbine
	18.34 Counter Rotating Fan
	18.35 Sirocco Radial Fan
	18.36 Dimensionless Parameters for Incompressible Flow Machines
	18.37 Dimensionless Specific Speeds
	18.38 Kaplan Turbine
	18.39 Pelton Wheel
	18.40 Francis Turbine
	18.41 Pelton Wheel
	18.42 Tidal Power Plant
	18.43 Francis Turbine
	18.44 Pelton Wheel
	18.45 Kaplan Turbine
	18.46 Fourneyron Turbine
	18.47 Cross-flow Radial Hydro Turbine
	18.48 Draft Tube
	18.49 Centrifugal Pump
	18.50 Centrifugal Pump
	18.51 Axial Pump
	18.52 Net Positive Suction Head (NPSH) for a Pump
	18.53 NPSH and Thoma’s Cavitation Coefficient for Turbines
	18.54 Maximum Height of Hydro Turbines above Tail Race
	18.55 Propeller Thrust and Power
Appendix A: Specifications of Some Aircraft Engines
Appendix B: Specifications of Some Turbine Blade Sections
Appendix C: Specifications of Some Compressor Blade Sections
Appendix D: Specifications of Some Wind Turbines
Appendix E: Principal SI Units and Their Conversion
Appendix F: Dimensionless Numbers for Incompressible Flow Machines
Appendix G: Efficiencies and Heat Rates of Thermal Power Plants
Appendix H: Specifications of a Combined Cycle Power Plant
Appendix I: Technical Data for the BHEL 500 MW Steam Turbine
Appendix J: Formulas for Hydraulic Turbines and Pumps
Appendix K: Specific Speeds of Various Turbomachines
Appendix L: Estimated Values of Power (kW) Required to Drive Hydraulic Pumps
Appendix M: Estimated Values of Power (kW) Required to Drive Fans and Blowers
Appendix N: Estimated Power Output (in MW) of Hydroturbines
Appendix O: Materials for Turbomachines
Appendix P: Turbomachinery Laboratory
Select Bibliography
Supplementary Bibliography
Index