Tropical Forest Genetics

3540373969......Page 1
Contents......Page 8
1 Introduction – Genetics of Tropical Forests......Page 14
Part A: Genetic Processes in Tropical Forests......Page 16
2.2 The Population......Page 17
2.3 Variation at Gene Loci......Page 18
2.4 Genetic Structures Within Populations......Page 28
2.5 Evolution and Evolutionary Factors......Page 31
2.6 Phenotypic Variation......Page 33
2.7 Recommended Literature......Page 34
3.2 Genetic Inventories......Page 35
3.3 Measurement of Genetic Variation......Page 36
3.4 Genetic Variation in Tropical Forest Species – General Trends......Page 40
3.5 Case Studies on Genetic Variation Patterns......Page 43
3.6 Recommended Literature......Page 51
4.2 Sexual Reproduction......Page 52
4.3 Asexual Reproduction......Page 60
4.4 Recommended Literature......Page 63
5.1 Introduction......Page 64
5.2 Gene Flow Through Pollen......Page 65
5.3 Migration of Seeds......Page 76
5.4 Long-Distance Gene Flow and Migration in Tropical Forest Species......Page 78
5.5 Recommended Literature......Page 79
6.1 Introduction......Page 80
6.2 Random Mating and Panmixis......Page 81
6.3 Selfing and Outcrossing Rates......Page 84
6.4 Inbreeding and Inbreeding Depression......Page 89
6.5 Incompatibility and Self-Sterility......Page 93
6.6 Environmental Effects on Mating......Page 95
6.7 Recommended Literature......Page 96
7.2 Physiological and Evolutionary Adaptation......Page 97
7.3 Species Interactions and Coevolution......Page 100
7.4 Recommended Literature......Page 107
8.2 The Evolution of Species Diversity in the Tropics......Page 108
8.3 Molecular Phylogenies......Page 111
8.4 Recommended Literature......Page 115
Part B: Applications of Genetics to Tropical Forestry......Page 117
9.1 Introduction......Page 119
9.2 The Genetic Status of Fragmented Tree Populations......Page 121
9.3 Genetic Preconditions for Restoration and Persistence......Page 131
9.4 Recommended Literature......Page 135
10.1 Introduction......Page 136
10.2 Selective Logging......Page 137
10.3 Natural Regeneration......Page 143
10.4 Genetic Aspects of the Manipulation of Dynamic Processes in Natural Forests......Page 144
10.5 Genetic Aspects of Sustainability in Natural Tropical Forests......Page 147
10.6 Recommended Literature......Page 153
11.1 Introduction......Page 154
11.2 Definitions......Page 155
11.3 Historical Development......Page 157
11.4 Provenance Tests......Page 158
11.5 Provenance Differentiation and Geographic Variation Pattern......Page 170
11.6 Choice of Provenances in Tropical Forestry......Page 172
11.7 Recommended Literature......Page 179
12.1 Introduction......Page 180
12.2 Domestication......Page 181
12.3 Genetic Controlledness of Phenotypic Traits......Page 183
12.4 Linear Model of Genetic Effects on a Phenotypic Trait......Page 186
12.5 Estimation of Breeding Parameters; Progeny Testing......Page 190
12.6 Methods of Selection......Page 193
12.7 Heterosis Breeding in Forest Trees......Page 199
12.8 Propagation of Breeding Products......Page 203
12.9 Multiple Population Breeding......Page 212
12.10 Breeding Strategy......Page 214
12.11 Genetic Consequences of Domestication and Breeding......Page 216
12.12 Recommended Literature......Page 218
13.1 Introduction......Page 219
13.2 Plantations of Exotic Tree Species......Page 221
13.3 Plantations of Indigenous Species......Page 224
13.4 Basic and Reproductive Material......Page 226
13.5 Production and Collection of Seed......Page 228
13.6 Collection and Storage of Seed......Page 232
13.7 Planting Stock Production......Page 233
13.8 Establishment and Development of Plantations......Page 235
13.9 Natural Regeneration of Plantations......Page 236
13.10 Use of Breeding Products......Page 237
13.11 Recommended Literature......Page 241
14.1 Introduction......Page 242
14.2 Development of Tree-Conservation Genetics......Page 244
14.3 Defining Priorities......Page 245
14.4 Conservation Objectives......Page 246
14.5 Selection of Genetic Resources......Page 248
14.6 Conservation Methods......Page 255
14.7 Regeneration of Forest Genetic Resources......Page 262
14.8 Programs for the Protection of Forest Genetic Resources......Page 269
14.9 Recommended Literature......Page 270
References......Page 271
B......Page 310
C......Page 311
E......Page 312
H......Page 313
M......Page 314
P......Page 315
S......Page 316
T......Page 317
Z......Page 318