Transport Economics & Policy: A Practical Analysis of Performance, Efficiency and Marketing Objectives

Copyright......Page 5
Dedication......Page 6
Contents......Page 8
Foreword......Page 14
Preface......Page 16
ECONOMICS IS ABOUT HUMAN BEHAVIOUR IN CIRCUMSTANCES OF SCARCITY......Page 20
RISK, PRODUCTION AND THE ENTREPRENEUR......Page 23
CONSUMER COSTS AND ELASTICITIES......Page 24
PRODUCERS’ COSTS......Page 25
CONCLUSION......Page 27
Questions for discussion......Page 29
TRAFFIC COSTING IS FUNDAMENTAL FOR SUCCESS......Page 30
WOULD WE BE BETTER OFF WITHOUT IT?......Page 31
HOW TO UNDERSTAND COSTS AND MAKE COST SAVINGS......Page 32
THE COSTS WE DO NOT MEET......Page 34
LOSS-MAKING SERVICES......Page 35
Questions for discussion......Page 36
PRICING IS MORE OF AN ART THAN A SCIENCE......Page 38
THE ECONOMIC CONSEQUENCES OF SUBSIDY......Page 39
PRICE CONTROL AND THE MARKET......Page 42
CONCLUSION......Page 44
Questions for discussion......Page 45
WHAT WE SEEK TO ACHIEVE......Page 46
WHAT PREVENTS PROGRESS......Page 48
THE CONSEQUENCES OF REGULATION......Page 51
PUBLIC OWNERSHIP AND FRANCHISE AS REGULATION......Page 55
PEOPLE IN BUSINESS......Page 57
A SILLY IDEA......Page 58
IS THERE SOMETHING SPECIAL ABOUT TRANSPORT?......Page 59
Questions for discussion......Page 62
SATISFYING EFFECTIVE DEMAND......Page 64
THE IMPORTANCE OF THE ENTREPRENEUR......Page 65
REGULATORY FAILURE AND THE ECONOMICS OF PUBLIC CHOICE......Page 68
FORECASTING DEMAND......Page 71
CONCLUSION......Page 73
Questions for discussion......Page 74
COSTS AND BENEFITS, PROFIT AND LOSS......Page 76
THE PROBLEM OF TRACK COSTS......Page 78
TRANSPORT AND THE SCARCITY OF LAND......Page 80
Questions for discussion......Page 83
THE STATE OF PUBLIC KNOWLEDGE......Page 84
GOVERNMENT AND POLITICS......Page 85
THE NEGLECTED FACTOR......Page 89
CONCLUSION......Page 91
Questions for discussion......Page 92
THE TEMPLATE......Page 96
TRACK, TERMINALS AND SIGNALLING......Page 97
TRACK COSTS AND PRICING......Page 98
EFFICIENCY, EFFECTIVENESS AND EXTERNALITIES......Page 101
ROAD-USE PRICING......Page 103
PAY AS YOU GO......Page 104
Questions for discussion......Page 105
BUSINESS LOGISTICS......Page 106
BACKGROUND AND ORGANIZATION......Page 107
COSTING AND PRICING......Page 109
ALLOCATIVE EFFICIENCY......Page 111
CONSUMER EFFECTIVENESS......Page 114
EXTERNALITIES AND THE ENVIRONMENT......Page 115
PUBLIC ATTITUDES AND PUBLIC POLICY......Page 116
COMPETITION IN THE MARKET......Page 117
Questions for discussion......Page 118
THE MARKET FOR MOVEMENT......Page 120
BACKGROUND AND ORGANIZATION......Page 123
COSTING AND PRICING......Page 128
ALLOCATIVE EFFICIENCY......Page 133
CONSUMER EFFECTIVENESS......Page 135
EXTERNALITIES AND THE ENVIRONMENT......Page 137
TWO SPECIAL CASES......Page 141
CONCLUSION......Page 143
Questions for discussion......Page 144
UTILITY OR PUBLIC GOOD......Page 146
BACKGROUND AND ORGANIZATION......Page 147
COSTING AND PRICING......Page 150
RAILWAYS AND THE USE OF LAND......Page 151
ALLOCATIVE EFFICIENCY AND CONSUMER EFFECTIVENESS......Page 155
EXTERNALITIES AND THE ENVIRONMENT......Page 156
Questions for discussion......Page 157
BACKGROUND AND ORGANIZATION......Page 158
COSTS AND PRICES......Page 159
ALLOCATION AND EFFECTIVENESS......Page 161
EXTERNALITIES AND THE ENVIRONMENT......Page 162
Questions for discussion......Page 163
MARKETING MANAGEMENT......Page 166
DISTINCTIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF SERVICES......Page 167
DEMAND AND THE PRODUCT......Page 168
OBSTACLES TO MARKETING......Page 170
PRACTICAL MARKETING......Page 172
MARKETING MANAGEMENT IN THE TRANSPORT BUSINESS......Page 175
CONCLUSION......Page 176
Questions for discussion......Page 177
MARKETING AND ECONOMICS......Page 178
THE SEVEN PS IN THE MARKETING MIX......Page 179
ECONOMICS AND THE MARKETING MIX......Page 181
Questions for discussion......Page 183
COMMERCIAL STRUCTURE......Page 184
BARRIERS AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR MARKETING MANAGEMENT......Page 185
Questions for discussion......Page 187
COMMERCIAL STRUCTURE......Page 188
BARRIERS AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR MARKETING MANAGEMENT......Page 189
THE SEVEN PS IN BUS AND COACH OPERATION......Page 190
THE PURSUIT OF GOOD MARKETING......Page 192
CONCLUSION......Page 194
Questions for discussion......Page 195
COMMERCIAL STRUCTURE......Page 196
THE SEVEN PS AND THE RAILWAY......Page 198
Questions for discussion......Page 200
WHERE WE COME FROM......Page 204
IGNORANCE AND UNCERTAINTY......Page 207
NO IDEAL END-STATE......Page 210
Questions for discussion......Page 212
Appendix 1 The elastic band......Page 214
Appendix 2 Glossary of economic and related terms......Page 216
Appendix 3 Sources of further information......Page 246
Index......Page 252