Traditions & Encounters: A Global Perspective of the Past: From 1500 to the Present: 2 5th Edition

Cover Page
Half Title Page
Title Page
Copyright Page
Brief Contents
Contents
Maps
Sources from the Past
Preface
A Brief Note on Usage
Supplements
About the Authors
Acknowledgments
part5 The Origins of Global Interdependence, 1500 to 1800
	CHAPTER 22 Transoceanic Encounters and Global Connections
		EYEWITNESS: Vasco da Gama’s Spicy Voyage
		THE EXPLORATION OF THE WORLD’S OCEANS
			Motives for Exploration
			The Technology of Exploration
			Voyages of Exploration: from the Mediterranean to the Atlantic
			Voyages of Exploration: from the Atlantic to the Pacifi c
		SOURCES FROM THE PAST: Christopher Columbus’s First Impressions of American Peoples
		TRADE AND CONFLICT IN EARLY MODERN ASIA
			Trading-Post Empires
		SOURCES FROM THE PAST: Afonso d’Alboquerque Seizes Hormuz
			European Conquests in Southeast Asia
		THINKING ABOUT ENCOUNTERS: Trading-Post Empires
			Foundations of the Russian Empire in Asia
			Commercial Rivalries and the Seven Years’ War
		ECOLOGICAL EXCHANGES
			The Columbian Exchange
		THINKING ABOUT TRADITIONS: Local Foodways
			The Origins of Global Trade
		In Perspective
		Chronology
		For Further Reading
	CHAPTER 23 The Transformation of Europe
		EYEWITNESS: Martin Luther Challenges the Church
		THE FRAGMENTATION OF WESTERN CHRISTENDOM
			The Protestant Reformation
			The Catholic Reformation
			Witch-Hunts and Religious Wars
		THE CONSOLIDATION OF SOVEREIGN STATES
			The Attempted Revival of Empire
			The New Monarchs
			Constitutional States
			Absolute Monarchies
			The European States System
		EARLY CAPITALIST SOCIETY
			Population Growth and Urbanization
			Early Capitalism and Protoindustrialization
		THINKING ABOUT ENCOUNTERS: Capitalism and Overseas Expansion
			Social Change in Early Modern Europe
		SCIENCE AND ENLIGHTENMENT
			The Reconception of the Universe
		SOURCES FROM THE PAST: Adam Smith on the Capitalist Market
			The Scientific Revolution
		THINKING ABOUT TRADITIONS: Science and the Enlightenment
			Women and Science
			The Enlightenment
		SOURCES FROM THE PAST: John Locke Claims People Are the Products of Their Environment
		In Perspective
		Chronology
		For Further Reading
	CHAPTER 24 New Worlds: The Americas and Oceania
		EYEWITNESS: The Mysterious Identity of Doña Marina
		COLLIDING WORLDS
			The Spanish Caribbean
		SOURCES FROM THE PAST: First Impressions of Spanish Forces
			The Conquest of Mexico and Peru
		THINKING ABOUT ENCOUNTERS: Conquest
			Iberian Empires in the Americas
			Settler Colonies in North America
		COLONIAL SOCIETY IN THE AMERICAS
			The Formation of Multicultural Societies
			Mining and Agriculture in the Spanish Empire
			Sugar and Slavery in Portuguese Brazil
			Fur Traders and Settlers in North America
			Christianity and Native Religions in the Americas
		THINKING ABOUT TRADITIONS: Women and Religion
		EUROPEANS IN THE PACIFIC
			Australia and the Larger World
			The Pacifi c Islands and the Larger World
		SOURCES FROM THE PAST: Captain James Cook on the Hawaiians
		In Perspective
		Chronology
		For Further Reading
	CHAPTER 25 Africa and the Atlantic World
		EYEWITNESS: A Slave’s Long, Strange Trip Back to Africa
		AFRICAN POLITICS AND SOCIETY IN EARLY MODERN TIMES
			The States of West Africa and East Africa
			The Kingdoms of Central Africa and South Africa
		SOURCES FROM THE PAST: King Afonso I Protests Slave Trading in the Kingdom of Kongo
		THINKING ABOUT ENCOUNTERS: Queen Nzinga
			Islam and Christianity in Early Modern Africa
			Social Change in Early Modern Africa
		THE ATLANTIC SLAVE TRADE
			Foundations of the Slave Trade
			Human Cargoes
			The Impact of the Slave Trade in Africa
		SOURCES FROM THE PAST: Olaudah Equiano on the Middle Passage
		THE AFRICAN DIASPORA
			Plantation Societies
			The Making of African-American Cultural Traditions
		THINKING ABOUT TRADITIONS: Creole Culture
			The End of the Slave Trade and the Abolition of Slavery
		In Perspective
		Chronology
		For Further Reading
	CHAPTER 26 Tradition and Change in East Asia
		EYEWITNESS: Matteo Ricci and Chiming Clocks in China
		THE QUEST FOR POLITICAL STABILITY
			The Ming Dynasty
			The Qing Dynasty
			The Son of Heaven and the Scholar-Bureaucrats
		ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL CHANGES
			The Patriarchal Family
		THINKING ABOUT TRADITIONS: Chinese Women
			Population Growth and Economic Development
		SOURCES FROM THE PAST: Qianlong on Chinese Trade with England
			Gentry, Commoners, Soldiers, and Mean People
		THE CONFUCIAN TRADITION AND NEW CULTURAL INFLUENCES
			Neo-Confucianism and Pulp Fiction
			The Return of Christianity to China
		THE UNIFICATION OF JAPAN
			The Tokugawa Shogunate
			Economic and Social Change
			Neo-Confucianism and Floating Worlds
		THINKING ABOUT ENCOUNTERS: Crucifi xions in Japan
			Christianity and Dutch Learning
		SOURCES FROM THE PAST: Fabian Fucan Rejects Christianity
		In Perspective
		Chronology
		For Further Reading
	CHAPTER 27 The Islamic Empires
		EYEWITNESS: Shah Jahan’s Monument to Love and Allah
		FORMATION OF THE ISLAMIC EMPIRES
			The Ottoman Empire
			The Safavid Empire
		SOURCES FROM THE PAST: Ghislain de Busbecq’s Concerns about the Ottoman Empire
			The Mughal Empire
		SOURCES FROM THE PAST: A Conqueror and His Conquests: Babur on India
		IMPERIAL ISLAMIC SOCIETY
			The Dynastic State
			Agriculture and Trade
			Religious Affairs in the Islamic Empires
		THINKING ABOUT TRADITIONS: Religious Diversity
			Cultural Patronage of the Islamic Emperors
		THE EMPIRES IN TRANSITION
			The Deterioration of Imperial Leadership
			Economic and Military Decline
			Cultural Conservatism
		THINKING ABOUT ENCOUNTERS: Islamic Mapmaking
		In Perspective
		Chronology
		For Further Reading
		STATE OF THE WORLD: Changing Views of the World, Changing Worldviews
part6 An Age of Revolution, Industry, and Empire, 1750 to 1914
	CHAPTER 28 Revolutions and National States in the Atlantic World
		EYEWITNESS: Olympe de Gouges Declares the Rights of Women
		POPULAR SOVEREIGNTY AND POLITICAL UPHEAVAL
			Enlightened and Revolutionary Ideas
			The American Revolution
			The French Revolution
		SOURCES FROM THE PAST: Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen
			The Reign of Napoleon
		THE INFLUENCE OF REVOLUTION
			The Haitian Revolution
			Wars of Independence in Latin America
			The Emergence of Ideologies: Conservatism and Liberalism
			Testing the Limits of Revolutionary Ideals: Slavery
		THINKING ABOUT TRADITIONS: Revolution and Slavery
			Testing the Limits of Revolutionary Ideals: Women’s Rights
		SOURCES FROM THE PAST: Declaration of the Rights of Woman and the Female Citizen
		THE CONSOLIDATION OF NATIONAL STATES IN EUROPE
			Nations and Nationalism
		THINKING ABOUT ENCOUNTERS: Nationalism on the March
			The Emergence of National Communities
			The Unifi cations of Italy and Germany
		In Perspective
		Chronology
		For Further Reading
	CHAPTER 29 The Making of Industrial Society
		EYEWITNESS: Betty Harris, a Woman Chained in the Coal Pits
		PATTERNS OF INDUSTRIALIZATION
			Foundations of Industrialization
			The Factory System
			The Early Spread of Industrialization
			Industrial Capitalism
		INDUSTRIAL SOCIETY
			Industrial Demographics
			Urbanization and Migration
		SOURCES FROM THE PAST: Thomas Malthus on Population
			Industry and Society
		THINKING ABOUT TRADITIONS: Family and Factory
			The Socialist Challenge
		SOURCES FROM THE PAST: Marx and Engels on Bourgeoisie and Proletarians
			Global Effects of Industrialization
		THINKING ABOUT ENCOUNTERS: Class Struggle
		In Perspective
		Chronology
		For Further Reading
	CHAPTER 30 The Americas in the Age of Independence
		EYEWITNESS: Fatt Hing Chin Searches for Gold from China to California
		THE BUILDING OF AMERICAN STATES
			The United States: Westward Expansion and Civil War
		THINKING ABOUT TRADITIONS: Vanishing Ways of Life
			The Canadian Dominion: Independence without War
			Latin America: Fragmentation and Political Experimentation
		AMERICAN ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
		SOURCES FROM THE PAST: Ponciano Arriaga Calls for Land Reform
			Migration to the Americas
		THINKING ABOUT ENCOUNTERS: Mass Migration
			Economic Expansion in the United States
			Canadian Prosperity
			Latin American Investments
		AMERICAN CULTURAL AND SOCIAL DIVERSITY
			Societies in the United States
			Canadian Cultural Contrasts
		SOURCES FROM THE PAST: The Meaning of Freedom for an Ex-Slave
			Ethnicity, Identity, and Gender in Latin America
		In Perspective
		Chronology
		For Further Reading
	CHAPTER 31 Societies at Crossroads
		EYEWITNESS: “Heavenly King” Hong Xiuquan, Empress Dowager Cixi, and Qing Reform
		THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE IN DECLINE
			The Nature of Decline
			Reform and Reorganization
		THINKING ABOUT TRADITIONS: Reforming Traditions
			The Young Turk Era
		SOURCES FROM THE PAST: Proclamation of the Young Turks
		THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE UNDER PRESSURE
			Military Defeat and Social Reform
			Industrialization
			Repression and Revolution
		THE CHINESE EMPIRE UNDER SIEGE
			The Opium War and the Unequal Treaties
		SOURCES FROM THE PAST: Letter of Lin Zexu to Queen Victoria
			The Taiping Rebellion
			Reform Frustrated
		THE TRANSFORMATION OF JAPAN
			From Tokugawa to Meiji
			Meiji Reforms
		THINKING ABOUT ENCOUNTERS: Opening Doors
		In Perspective
		Chronology
		For Further Reading
	CHAPTER 32 The Building of Global Empires
		EYEWITNESS: Cecil John Rhodes Discovers Imperial Diamonds Are Forever
		FOUNDATIONS OF EMPIRE
			Motives of Imperialism
		THINKING ABOUT TRADITIONS: New Imperialism?
			Tools of Empire
		SOURCES FROM THE PAST: Rudyard Kipling on the White Man’s Burden
		EUROPEAN IMPERIALISM
			The British Empire in India
			Imperialism in Central Asia and Southeast Asia
			The Scramble for Africa
			European Imperialism in the Pacifi c
		THINKING ABOUT ENCOUNTERS: Forays into the Pacifi c
		SOURCES FROM THE PAST: The Royal Niger Company Mass-Produces Imperial Control in Africa
		THE EMERGENCE OF NEW IMPERIAL POWERS
			U.S. Imperialism in Latin America and the Pacifi c
			Imperial Japan
		LEGACIES OF IMPERIALISM
			Empire and Economy
			Labor Migrations
			Empire and Society
			Nationalism and Anticolonial Movements
		In Perspective
		Chronology
		For Further Reading
		STATE OF THE WORLD: The World Turned Upside Down
part7 Contemporary Global Realignments, 1914 to the Present
	CHAPTER 33 The Great War: The World in Upheaval
		EYEWITNESS: A Bloodied Archduke and a Bloody War
		THE DRIFT TOWARD WAR
			Nationalist Aspirations
			National Rivalries
			Understandings and Alliances
		GLOBAL WAR
			The Guns of August
			Mutual Butchery
		THINKING ABOUT TRADITIONS: Heroic War?
			Total War: The Home Front
		SOURCES FROM THE PAST: Dulce et Decorum Est
			Conflict in East Asia and the Pacific
			Battles in Africa and Southwest Asia
		THINKING ABOUT ENCOUNTERS: From Civil War to Total War
		THE END OF THE WAR
			Revolution in Russia
			U.S. Intervention and Collapse of the Central Powers
			After the War
		SOURCES FROM THE PAST: Memorandum of the General Syrian Congress
			Challenges to European Preeminence
		In Perspective
		Chronology
		For Further Reading
	CHAPTER 34 An Age of Anxiety
		EYEWITNESS: The Birth of a Monster
		PROBING CULTURAL FRONTIERS
			Postwar Pessimism
			Revolutions in Physics and Psychology
			Experimentation in Art and Architecture
		GLOBAL DEPRESSION
			The Great Depression
			Despair and Government Action
			Economic Experimentation
		SOURCES FROM THE PAST: Franklin Delano Roosevelt: Nothing to Fear
		THINKING ABOUT ENCOUNTERS: Poverty, People, and the State
		CHALLENGES TO THE LIBERAL ORDER
			Communism in Russia
			The Fascist Alternative
		SOURCES FROM THE PAST: Goals and Achievements of the First Five-Year Plan
		THINKING ABOUT TRADITIONS: Challenges to the Liberal Order
			Italian Fascism
			German National Socialism
		In Perspective
		Chronology
		For Further Reading
	CHAPTER 35 Nationalism and Political Identities in Asia, Africa, and Latin America
		EYEWITNESS: Shanfei Becomes a New and Revolutionary Young Woman in China
		ASIAN PATHS TO AUTONOMY
			India’s Quest for Home Rule
			China’s Search for Order
		THINKING ABOUT TRADITIONS: Chinese Revolutions
		SOURCES FROM THE PAST: “Self-Rule Is My Birthright”
			Imperial and Imperialist Japan
		AFRICA UNDER COLONIAL DOMINATION
			Africa and the Great War
		THINKING ABOUT ENCOUNTERS: Colonial Legacies of the Great War
			The Colonial Economy
			African Nationalism
		SOURCES FROM THE PAST: Africa for Africans
		LATIN AMERICAN STRUGGLES WITH NEOCOLONIALISM
			The Impact of the Great War and the Great Depression
			The Evolution of Economic Imperialism
			Confl icts with a “Good Neighbor”
		In Perspective
		Chronology
		For Further Reading
	CHAPTER 36 New Confl agrations: World War II and the Cold War
		EYEWITNESS: Victor Tolley fi nds Tea and Sympathy in Nagasaki
		ORIGINS OF WORLD WAR II
			Japan’s War in China
			Italian and German Aggression
		TOTAL WAR: THE WORLD UNDER FIRE
			Blitzkrieg: Germany Conquers Europe
			The German Invasion of the Soviet Union
			Battles in Asia and the Pacifi c
			Defeat of the Axis Powers
		SOURCES FROM THE PAST: A Hiroshima Maiden’s Tale
		LIFE DURING WARTIME
			Occupation, Collaboration, and Resistance
			The Holocaust
		SOURCES FROM THE PAST: “We Will Never Speak about It in Public”
			Women and the War
		THINKING ABOUT TRADITIONS: The “Home” Front
		THE COLD WAR
			Origins of the Cold War
			The Globalization of the Cold War
		THINKING ABOUT ENCOUNTERS: Cold War in Cuba
			Dissent, Intervention, and Rapprochement
		In Perspective
		Chronology
		For Further Reading
	CHAPTER 37 The End of Empire
		EYEWITNESS: Mohandas Gandhi's Saintly Last Words
		INDEPENDENCE IN ASIA
			India’s Partitioned Independence
		THINKING ABOUT TRADITIONS: Independence and Nonviolence
			Nationalist Struggles in Vietnam
		SOURCES FROM THE PAST: Muhammad Ali Jinnah on the Need for a Muslim Pakistan
			Arab National States and the Problem of Palestine
		DECOLONIZATION IN AFRICA
			Forcing the French out of North Africa
			Black African Nationalism and Independence
			Freedom and Confl ict in Sub-Saharan Africa
		SOURCES FROM THE PAST: Kwame Nkrumah on African Unity
		AFTER INDEPENDENCE: LONG-TERM STRUGGLES IN THE POSTCOLONIAL ERA
			Communism and Democracy in Asia
			Islamic Resurgence in Southwest Asia and North Africa
		THINKING ABOUT ENCOUNTERS: Islamism and the World
			Colonial Legacies in Sub-Saharan Africa
			Politics and Economics in Latin America
		In Perspective
		Chronology
		For Further Reading
	CHAPTER 38 A World without Borders
		EYEWITNESS: Kristina Matschat and a Falling Wall
		THE END OF THE COLD WAR
			Revolutions in Eastern and Central Europe
			The Collapse of the Soviet Union
		THE GLOBAL ECONOMY
			Economic Globalization
			Economic Growth in Asia
			Trading Blocs
		CROSS-CULTURAL EXCHANGES AND GLOBAL COMMUNICATIONS
			Consumption and Cultural Interaction
		THINKING ABOUT ENCOUNTERS: Coca-Cola and MTV
			The Age of Access
		GLOBAL PROBLEMS
			Population Pressures and Climate Change
			Economic Inequities and Labor Servitude
		SOURCES FROM THE PAST: Climate Change: An Inconvenient Truth
			Global Diseases
			Global Terrorism
			Coping with Global Problems: International Organizations
		CROSSING BOUNDARIES
			Women’s Traditions and Feminist Challenges
		THINKING ABOUT TRADITIONS: Female Freedom and Subjugation
			Migration
		SOURCES FROM THE PAST: Politics and Family: The Hope of and for Girl Children
		In Perspective
		Chronology
		For Further Reading
		STATE OF THE WORLD: A World Destroyed / A World Reborn
Glossary
Credits
Index