Toxicological profiles - Thallium

TOXICOLOGICAL PROFILE FOR  THALLIUM......Page 1
CONTENTS......Page 5
DISCLAIMER......Page 2
FOREWORD......Page 3
LIST OF FIGURES......Page 8
LIST OF TABLES......Page 9
1.2 HOW MIGHT I BE EXPOSED TO THALLIUM?......Page 10
1.4 HOW CAN THALLIUM AFFECT MY HEALTH?......Page 11
1.7 WHERE CAN I GET MORE INFORMATION?......Page 12
2.2 DISCUSSION OF HEALTH EFFECTS BY ROUTE OF EXPOSURE......Page 13
2.2.1.2 Systemic Effects......Page 14
2.2.2.1 Death......Page 15
2.2.2.2 Systemic Effects......Page 16
2.2.2.4 Neurological Effects......Page 25
2.2.2.6 Reproductive Effects......Page 26
2.2.3.8 Cancer......Page 27
2.3.2.2 Oral Exposure......Page 28
2.3.2.4 Other Exposure......Page 29
2.4 RELEVANCE TO PUBLIC HEALTH......Page 30
2.5 BIOMARKERS OF EXPOSURE AND EFFECT......Page 34
2.5.2 Biomarkers Used to Characterize Effects Caused by Thallium......Page 39
2.8 MITIGATION OF EFFECTS......Page 40
2.9.2 Data Needs......Page 42
2.9.3 On-going Studies......Page 47
3.2 PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES......Page 52
4.3 USE......Page 65
5.2 RELEASES TO THE ENVIRONMENT......Page 70
5.2.3 Soil......Page 76
5.3.1 Transport and Partitioning......Page 77
5.4.2 Water......Page 78
5.5 GENERAL POPULATION AND OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE......Page 79
5.7.1 Data Needs......Page 84
6.1 BIOLOGICAL MATERIALS......Page 86
6.2 ENVIRONMENTAL SAMPLES......Page 87
6.3.1 Data Needs......Page 96
7. REGULATIONS AND ADVISORIES......Page 97
8. REFERENCES......Page 105
Chronic Exposure......Page 117
Malformations......Page 118
Target Organ Toxicity......Page 119
User’s Guide......Page 120
Acronyms, Abbreviations, and Symbols......Page 125
Peer Review......Page 129