Toxicological profiles - Styrene

TOXICOLOGICAL PROFILE FOR STYRENE......Page 1
DISCLAIMER......Page 2
FOREWORD......Page 3
CONTENTS......Page 5
LIST OF FIGURES......Page 9
LIST OF TABLES......Page 11
1.1 WHAT IS STYRENE?......Page 13
1.4 HOW CAN STYRENE AFFECT MY HEALTH?......Page 14
1.5 IS THERE A MEDICAL TEST TO DETERMINE WHETHER I HAVE BEEN EXPOSED TO STYRENE?......Page 15
1.7 WHERE CAN I GET MORE INFORMATION?......Page 16
2.2 DISCUSSION OF HEALTH EFFECTS BY ROUTE OF EXPOSURE......Page 17
2.2.1.2 Systemic Effects......Page 18
2.2.1.3 Immunological Effects......Page 30
2.2.1.4 Neurological Effects......Page 31
2.2.1.5 Developmental Effects......Page 33
2.2.1.6 Reproductive Effects......Page 34
2.2.1.7 Genotoxic Effects......Page 35
2.2.1.8 Cancer......Page 36
2.2.2.1 Death......Page 38
2.2.2.2 Systemic Effects......Page 39
2.2.2.4 Neurological Effects......Page 47
2.2.2.7 Genotoxic Effects......Page 48
2.2.2.8 Cancer......Page 49
2.2.3.2 Systemic Effects......Page 50
2.3.1.1 Inhalation Exposure......Page 51
2.3.2.1 Inhalation Exposure......Page 53
2.3.2.3 Dermal Exposure......Page 54
2.3.3 Metabolism......Page 55
2.3.4.1 Inhalation Exposure......Page 57
2.4 RELEVANCE TO PUBLIC HEALTH......Page 58
2.5 BIOMARXERS OF EXPOSURE AND EFFECT......Page 67
2.5.1 Biomarkers Used to Identify and/or Quantify Exposure to Styrene......Page 68
2.5.2 Biomarkers Used to Characterize Effects Caused by Styrene......Page 69
2.8 MITIGATION OF EFFECTS......Page 70
2.9.1 Existing Information on Health Effects of Styrene......Page 72
2.9.2 Data Needs......Page 74
2.9.3 On-going Studies......Page 78
3.2 PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES......Page 81
4.3 USE......Page 85
4.4 DISPOSAL......Page 88
5.2.1 Air......Page 89
5.2.3 Soil......Page 93
5.3.1 Transport and Partitioning......Page 94
5.3.2.1 Air......Page 95
5.4.1 Air......Page 96
5.4:4 Other Environmental Media......Page 97
5.5 GENERAL POPULATION AND OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE......Page 99
5.7.1 Data Needs......Page 100
5.7.2 On-going Studies......Page 102
6.1 BIOLOGICAL MATERIALS......Page 103
6.2 ENVIRONMENTAL SAMPLES......Page 107
6.3.1 Data Needs......Page 108
6.3.2 On-going Studies......Page 110
7. REGULATIONS AND ADVISORIES......Page 111
8. REFERENCES......Page 115
Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health (IDLH)......Page 149
No-Observed-Adverse-Effect Level (NOAEL)......Page 150
Target Organ Toxicity......Page 151
Uncertainty Factor (UF)......Page 152
USER'S GUIDE......Page 153
ACRONYMS, ABBREVIATIONS, AND SYMBOLS USED IN TEXT......Page 161
PEER REVIEW......Page 165