Toxicological profiles - Hmx

TOXICOLOGICAL PROFILE FOR HMX......Page 1
CONTENTS......Page 11
DISCLAIMER......Page 2
UPDATE STATEMENT......Page 3
FOREWORD......Page 5
CONTRIBUTORS......Page 7
PEER REVIEW......Page 9
LIST OF FIGURES......Page 15
LIST OF TABLES......Page 17
1.1 WHAT IS HMX?......Page 19
1.2 WHAT HAPPENS TO HMX WHEN IT ENTERS THE ENVIRONMENT?......Page 20
1.4 HOW CAN HMX ENTER AND LEAVE MY BODY?......Page 21
1.5 HOW CAN HMX AFFECT MY HEALTH?......Page 22
1.8 WHERE CAN I GET MORE INFORMATION?......Page 23
2.2 DISCUSSION OF HEALTH EFFECTS BY ROUTE OF EXPOSURE......Page 25
2.2.1.2 Systemic Effects......Page 27
2.2.1.7 Genotoxic Effects......Page 28
2.2.2.1 Death......Page 29
2.2.2.2 Systemic Effects......Page 38
2.2.2.3 Immunological and Lymphoreticular Effects......Page 41
2.2.2.5 Reproductive Effects......Page 42
2.2.3.1 Death......Page 43
2.2.3.2 Systemic Effects......Page 48
2.2.3.4 Neurological Effects......Page 50
2.3 TOXICOKINETICS......Page 51
2.3.1.2 Oral Exposure......Page 52
2.3.2.4 Other Routes of Exposure......Page 53
2.3.3 Metabolism......Page 54
2.3.4.4 Other Routes of Exposure......Page 55
2.4 MECHANISMS OF ACTION......Page 56
2.5 RELEVANCE TO PUBLIC HEALTH......Page 57
2.6 BIOMARKERS OF EXPOSURE AND EFFECT......Page 66
2.6.2 Biomarkers Used to Characterize Effects Caused by HMX......Page 67
2.8 POPULATIONS THAT ARE UNUSUALLY SUSCEPTIBLE......Page 68
2.9.2 Reducing Body Burden......Page 69
2.10.1 Existing Information on Health Effects of HMX......Page 70
2.10.2 Identification of Data Needs......Page 73
2.10.3 On-going Studies......Page 77
3.2 PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES......Page 80
4.3 USE......Page 84
4.4 DISPOSAL......Page 85
5.2.1 Air......Page 86
5.3.1 Transport and Partitioning......Page 89
5.3.2.1 Air......Page 90
5.3.2.3 Sediment and Soil......Page 91
5.4.4 Other Environmental Media......Page 94
5.7 ADEQUACY OF THE DATABASE......Page 95
5.7.1 Identification of Data Needs......Page 96
5.7.2 On-going Studies......Page 98
6.1 BIOLOGICAL MATERIALS......Page 100
6.2 ENVIRONMENTAL SAMPLES......Page 102
6.3 ADEQUACY OF THE DATABASE......Page 106
6.3.1 Identification of Data Needs......Page 107
6.3.2 On-going Studies......Page 108
7. REGULATIONS AND ADVISORIES......Page 110
8. REFERENCES......Page 112
EPA Health Advisory......Page 118
Neurotoxicity......Page 119
Threshold Limit Value (TLV)......Page 120
Uncertainty Factor (UF)......Page 121
MINIMAL RISK LEVEL WORKSHEETS......Page 122
USER'S GUIDE......Page 126
ACRONYMS, ABBREVIATIONS, AND SYMBOLS......Page 134