Toxicological profiles - Dinitrocresols

TOXICOLOGICAL PROFILE FOR DINITROCRESOLS......Page 1
CONTENTS......Page 8
DISCLAIMER......Page 2
UPDATE STATEMENT......Page 3
FOREWORD......Page 4
CONTRIBUTORS......Page 6
PEER REVIEW......Page 7
LIST OF FIGURES......Page 11
LIST OF TABLES......Page 12
1.2 WHAT HAPPENS TO DINITROCRESOLS WHEN THEY ENTER THE ENVIRONMENT?......Page 13
1.4 HOW CAN DINITROCRESOLS ENTER AND LEAVE MY BODY?......Page 14
1.6 IS THERE A MEDICAL TEST TO DETERMINE WHETHER I HAVE BEEN EXPOSED TO DINITROCRESOLS?......Page 15
1.8 WHERE CAN I GET MORE INFORMATION?......Page 16
2.2 DISCUSSION OF HEALTH EFFECTS BY ROUTE OF EXPOSURE......Page 17
2.2.1.2 Systemic Effects......Page 19
2.2.1.4 Neurological Effects......Page 26
2.2.2.1 Death......Page 27
2.2.2.2 Systemic Effects......Page 28
2.2.2.3 Immunological and Lymphoreticular Effects......Page 46
2.2.2.5 Reproductive Effects......Page 47
2.2.2.7 Genotoxic Effects......Page 48
2.2.3.2 Systemic Effects......Page 49
2.2.3.4 Neurological Effects......Page 58
2.3 TOXICOKINETICS......Page 59
2.3.1.1 Inhalation Exposure......Page 60
2.3.1.2 Oral Exposure......Page 61
2.3.1.3 Dermal Exposure......Page 62
2.3.2.2 Oral Exposure......Page 63
2.3.3 Metabolism......Page 64
2.3.4.2 Oral Exposure......Page 66
2.3.4.4 Other Routes of Exposure......Page 68
2.3.5 Mechanisms of Action......Page 69
2.4 RELEVANCE TO PUBLIC HEALTH......Page 70
2.5 BIOMARKERS OF EXPOSURE AND EFFECT......Page 85
2.5.1 Biomarkers Used to Identify or Quantify Exposure to DNOC......Page 86
2.5.2 Biomarkers Used to Characterize Effects Caused by DNOC......Page 87
2.6 INTERACTIONS WITH OTHER SUBSTANCES......Page 88
2.8 METHODS FOR REDUCING TOXIC EFFECTS......Page 90
2.8.3 Interfering with the Mechanism of Action for Toxic Effects......Page 91
2.9 ADEQUACY OF THE DATABASE......Page 92
2.9.1 Existing Information on Health Effects of DNOC......Page 93
2.9.2 Identification of Data Needs......Page 94
3.2 PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES......Page 101
4.2 IMPORT/EXPORT......Page 106
5.1 OVERVIEW......Page 108
5.2.2 Water......Page 110
5.3.1 Transport and Partitioning......Page 112
5.3.2.1 Air......Page 113
5.3.2.2 Water......Page 114
5.3.2.3 Sediment and Soil......Page 115
5.4.4 Other Environmental Media......Page 116
5.7 ADEQUACY OF THE DATABASE......Page 117
5.7.1 Identification of Data Needs......Page 118
5.7.2 Ongoing Studies......Page 119
6. ANALYTICAL METHODS......Page 120
6.2 ENVIRONMENTAL SAMPLES......Page 128
6.3.1 Identification of Data Needs......Page 129
7. REGULATIONS AND ADVISORIES......Page 130
8. REFERENCES......Page 140
Ceiling Value......Page 157
Lowest-Observed-Adverse-Effect Level......Page 158
Short-Term Exposure......Page 159
User’s Guide......Page 160
Acronyms, Abbreviations, and Symbols......Page 166