Toxicological profiles - Barium

TOXICOLOGICAL PROFILE FOR BARIUM......Page 1
CONTENTS......Page 5
DISCLAIMER......Page 2
FOREWORD......Page 3
LIST OF FIGURES......Page 8
LIST OF TABLES......Page 9
1.1 WHAT IS BARIUM?......Page 10
1.2 HOW MIGHT I BE EXPOSED TO BARIUM?......Page 11
1.4 HOW CAN BARIUM AFFECT MY HEALTH?......Page 12
1.6 WHAT RECOMMENDATIONS HAS THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT MADE TO PROTECT HUMAN HEALTH?......Page 13
1.7 WHERE CAN I GET MORE INFORMATION?......Page 14
2.2 DISCUSSION OF HEALTH EFFECTS BY ROUTE OF EXPOSURE......Page 15
2.2.1.2 Systemic Effects......Page 16
2.2.1.8 Cancer......Page 18
2.2.2.1 Death......Page 19
2.2.2.2 Systemic Effects......Page 20
2.2.2.5 Developmental Effects......Page 34
2.2.2.8 Cancer......Page 35
2.2.3.2 Systemic Effects......Page 36
2.2.3.8 Cancer......Page 37
2.3.1.2 Oral Exposure......Page 38
2.3.2.3 Dermal Exposure......Page 39
2.4 RELEVANCE TO PUBLIC HEALTH......Page 40
2.5.1 Biomarkers Used to Identify and/or Quantify Exposure to Barium......Page 49
2.6 INTERACTIONS WITH OTHER CHEMICALS......Page 50
2.7 POPULATIONS THAT ARE UNUSUALLY SUSCEPTIBLE......Page 51
2.8 MITIGATION OF EFFECTS......Page 52
2.9.1 Existing Information on Health Effects of Barium......Page 53
2.9.2 Data Needs......Page 55
2.9.3 Ongoing Studies......Page 60
3.2 PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES......Page 61
4.3 USE......Page 67
5.1 OVERVIEW......Page 71
5.2 RELEASES TO THE ENVIRONMENT......Page 72
5.2.1 Air......Page 73
5.2.3 Soil......Page 78
5.3.1 Transport and Partitioning......Page 79
5.3.2.2 Water......Page 80
5.4.1 Air......Page 81
5.5 GENERAL POPULATION AND OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE......Page 82
5.7.1 Data Needs......Page 86
6. ANALYTICAL METHODS......Page 88
6.1 BIOLOGICAL MATERIALS......Page 89
6.2 ENVIRONMENTAL SAMPLES......Page 92
6.3.1 Data Needs......Page 96
7. REGULATIONS AND ADVISORIES......Page 97
8. REFERENCES......Page 107
Intermediate Exposure......Page 130
q1*......Page 131
Uncertainty Factor......Page 132
User s Guide......Page 133
Acronyms, Abbreviations, and Symbols......Page 138
Peer Review......Page 142