The Theory of Problem-Solution Dualities and Polarities: Information-Decision-Choice Foundations of the Unity of Knowing and the Unity of Science (Studies in Systems, Decision and Control, 405)

Preface
	The Monograph
	The Organization of the Monograph and the Chapter Summaries
Contents
Preamble
	Some Notes on the Preamble in Relation to Dualistic-Polar Conditions in the Knowing and the Information-Knowledge Process
	References
Prologue: Epistemics of Past-Present Research Directions on Information-Knowledge Systems
	I. Introductory Reflections
	II. The Methodological Toolbox
	Definition IIA: Methodology and Methodological Toolbox
	Definition IIB: Analytics and Analytical Toolbox
	II A: There are Two Organic Paradigms of Thought of Interest
	III: The Principle of Opposites, Neuro-Decision-Choice-Action and Knowing
	IV. The Problem-Solution Dualities and Polarities
	V. Paradigms of Thought in Knowing and Decision-Choice Actions
	VI. Information Structures and Paradigms of Thought
	VII. Decision-Choice Activities, Certainty-Uncertainty Duality and Problem-Solution Duality and Polarity
	VIII: The Asantrofi-Anoma Problem and Cost-Benefit Analysis Over the Space of Problem-Solution Dualities
	IX: The Principle of Opposites and the Concept of Relativity
	Proposition I: Internal Characteristic Disposition
	Proposition II: Identification-Transformation Condition
	X: Possibility, Imagination, Reality, Possible Worlds, Creativity and Anomalies in Knowing and the Knowledge Production System
	References
Acknowledgements
A Proposal
	Statement of Aims and Rationale behind the Monograph
	The General Reflections About the Monograph
	The Synopses
	Organization of the Monograph
About the Author
1 The Theory of Knowing and the Theory of Knowledge: Comparative Analytics
	1.1 Introduction to Knowing and Knowledge
	1.2 Some Epistemic Questions on Knowing and Knowledge
	1.3 Knowing and Knowledge in Theory and Practice
2 The Knowledge Square, Knowing and Knowledge Production: Conceptual Pathway Analytics
	2.1 Pathway Analytics and Logical Connectivity
		2.1.1 The Pathway Analytics and Paremiology of Geometries
	2.2 Introduction to Knowledge Square as the Pathway Analytics
	2.3 The Concept of Cognitive Search Activities in an Epistemic Abstract
		2.3.1 The Concepts of Epistemology and Ontology in a Cognitive Search Over the Spaces of the Problem–Solution Dualities and Polarities
	2.4 The Spaces of Relativity and Absoluteness in Knowing, Knowledge and Decision
	2.5 Useful Dualistic-Polar Spaces for Knowing and Knowledge Stock-Flow Dynamics
3 The Theory of Epistemic Spaces for the Diversity and the Unity of Knowing and Science
	3.1 An Introduction to the Concept of Epistemic Space
	3.2 The Concept of Cognitive Search Activities in Analytical Spaces
	3.3 The Concepts of Epistemological and Ontological Spaces in Cognitive Search for Knowing, Information and Knowledge
		3.3.1 Defining the Characteristics of the Epistemological and Ontological Space
		3.3.2 The Epistemological Space and Cognitive Search Over the Ontological Space
	3.4 Algebraic Conceptions of the Ontological Space in Cognitive Search
		3.4.1 Properties of the Ontological Space and Ontological Information
	3.5 The Epistemological Space, Cognitive Search and Connectivity to the Ontological Space
		3.5.1 Symbolic Representation of the Epistemological Space
		3.5.2 Algebraic Conceptions of the Epistemological Space in the Cognitive Search
	3.6 The Principle of Opposites and the Variety Space
		3.6.1 The Principle of Opposites and Neuro-Decision-Choice Activities
		3.6.2 Connectivity Within the Space of Epistemological-Ontological Dualities
4 The Theory of Relational Problem-Solution Dualities, The Unity of Knowing, The Unity of Science and the Diversity in Knowledge
	4.1 Introductory Reflections on Duality
	4.2 Primary and Derived Spaces and Information Structures
		4.2.1 Reflections on Problems, Solutions, Problem-Solution Dualities in Knowing
		4.2.2 The First Principle, Information-Knowledge Structures and the Problem-Solution Processes
		4.2.3 Philosophical Consciencism, National Personality and the Problem-Solution Processes
		4.2.4 The Importance of Social Philosophical Consciencism and the First Principle of Knowing and Intellectual Stock-Flow Dynamics
		4.2.5 Social Philosophical Consciencism, Information Manipulation, and Neuro-Decision-Choice Actions
	4.3 The Ontological Space of Problem-Solution Dualities
		4.3.1 Ontological Information-Creation System and Information-Processing Systems
		4.3.2 Ontological Information, Telescopic Present, Telescopic Past and Telescopic Future
5 The Epistemological Space of Problem–Solution Dualities, Unity of Knowing, Unity of Science and Diversity in Knowledge
	5.1 Inroduction to the Epistemological Space
	5.2 The Epistemological Space of Problem–Solution Dualities
		5.2.1 Epistemological Information-Creation Systems and Information-Processing Systems
		5.2.2 The Problem, Problem Space, Solution and the Solution Space
	5.3 The Goals, Objectives and the Goal-Objective Space for Decision-Choice Actions
	5.4 Criterion Space, Decision-Choice Space and the Action Space
		5.4.1 The Criterion and the Criterion Space
	5.5 The Problem–Solution Duality, the Space of Problem–Solution Dualities and the Criteria
		5.5.1 Definitions of the Concepts and Phenomena of Problem and Solution Duals
		5.5.2 The Basic Characteristics of the Space of the Problem–Solution Dualities
		5.5.3 Reflections on the Basic Characteristics of Problem–Solution Duality
		5.5.4 Solutions, Solution Space and the Space of Decision-Choice Actions
		5.5.5 Reflections on Decision-Choice Dependent Definitions
6 The Theory of Categorial Conversion and the Problem-Solution Dualities in Knowing and Knowledge
	6.1 Introduction to the Concept of Categorial Conversion
	6.2 Problem–Solution Duality and the Space of Problem–Solution Dualities
		6.2.1 Variety Analytics, Categorial Analytics, Fuzzy Decomposition, Fuzzy-Statistical Decomposition, Epistemic Unity and Internal and External Dualities in Knowing
		6.2.2 Reflections on the Paradox and Unintended Outcome of Decision-Choice Action
		6.2.3 Internal Duality and External Duality in the Space of Problem–Solution Dualities
		6.2.4 Internal Duality, External Duality and Ignorance-Knowledge Polarity
	6.3 Categorial Conversion and Problem–Solution Dualities
		6.3.1 Categorial Conversion in the Logic of Problem–Solution Transformations Within the Theories of Knowing, Science, Non-science and Mathematics
		6.3.2 The Categorial Convertors and the Problem–Solution Dualities
	6.4 The Problem–solution Sequential Structure Over the Space of Problem–solution Dualities Under Categorial Conversions
		6.4.1 The Problem–Solution Sequential Structure
		6.4.2 Paradigms of Thought and the Problem–Solution Sequential Structure
	6.5 Human Life, Decision-Choice Actions, Problem–Solution Dualities and Social Change
7 The Theory of Relational Problem–Solution Polarities, Diversity and the Unity of Knowing and Science
	7.1 Relational Introduction
	7.2 The Principle of Opposites, Polarity, Problem–Solution Polarities and the Problem–Solution Dualities
		7.2.1 Representation Analytics of the Principle of Opposites Under Polarity
		7.2.2 External Problem–Solution Duality and the Space of Polarities
	7.3 Knowing, Problem–solution Polarity and Cost–benefit-Analysis
		7.3.1 Cost–Benefit Analytics, Dualistic-Polar Analytics and Problem-Solution Analytics
		7.3.2 Paremiologically Geometric Analytics of Dualistic-Polar Relational Connectivity
	7.4 The Categorial Conversion Process and Categorial Analytics
		7.4.1 The Categorial Conversion Process and the Problem–Solution Dynamics
		7.4.2 Necessity-Freedom Analytics and the Categorial Conversion Process
Epilogue
The Epistemic Directions of Future Research on Problem–Solution Dualities and Polarities
Concluding Reflections
A Note on Institutions and the Organization of Knowing
Production-Consumption and Input–Output Processes of an Information-Knowledge System
A Prelude to the Theory of Neuro-Decision-Choice Systems
Imagination, Reality, Belief and the Space of Imagination-Reality Dualities
Methodology, Information and Problem–Solution Dualities
References
Index