The Specter of Genocide: Mass Murder in Historical Perspective

Half-title......Page 5
Title......Page 7
Copyright......Page 8
Contents......Page 9
Contributors......Page 11
Acknowledgments......Page 12
Introduction......Page 13
1 The Study of Mass Murder and Genocide......Page 15
THEORETICAL POSITIONS......Page 20
The Intent of the Perpetrator......Page 26
The Targeted Victim Groups......Page 29
Ethnic Conflict and Ethnic Cleansing......Page 31
EXTERMINATION BEFORE THE CENTURY OF GENOCIDE......Page 33
PART I Genocide and Modernity......Page 39
RELIGION AND RACE......Page 41
GENOCIDAL PRAGMATISM......Page 43
DEFINING RACE......Page 44
TERRITORIAL EXPANSIONISM......Page 45
NARRATIVES OF TERRITORIAL DECLINE......Page 49
IDEALIZATION OF CULTIVATION......Page 51
FROM MASS MURDER TO GENOCIDE: INDONESIAN EXPANSION INTO EAST TIMOR......Page 58
3 The Modernity of Genocides......Page 65
DEFINING REVOLUTIONS IN THE TWENTIETH CENTURY......Page 69
RITUALS OF MASS KILLING......Page 74
Deportation......Page 76
Concentration Camps......Page 77
Extermination Camps......Page 78
The Disposal of Bodies......Page 79
CONCLUSION......Page 83
I......Page 87
II......Page 91
III......Page 97
IV......Page 102
5 Genocide and the Body Politic in the Time of Modernity......Page 109
GENOCIDE AND THE IDEALS OF MODERNITY......Page 110
GENOCIDE AND INSTRUMENTAL RATIONALITY......Page 114
GENOCIDE AND THE FOUCAULTIAN DISCOURSE OF SEXUALITY......Page 116
THE BODY POLITIC: SITE OF THE POWERS OF LIFE AND DEATH......Page 119
SPACE AND THE BODY POLITIC......Page 123
CONCLUDING REMARKS......Page 124
PART II  Indigenous Peoples and Colonial Issues......Page 127
6 Genocides of Indigenous Peoples......Page 129
THE TROPE OF VANISHING......Page 131
THE DESTRUCTION OF AMERICA......Page 132
THE NOBLE SAVAGE......Page 138
Australia’s Stolen Generation......Page 139
CANADA’S INDIGENOUS CHILDREN......Page 142
NEW ZEALAND’S GENOCIDE......Page 143
VARIETIES OF GENOCIDE......Page 145
7 Military Culture and the Production of “Final Solutions” in the Colonies......Page 153
THE REVOLT IN SOUTH WEST AFRICA,1904–1907......Page 156
Destruction (Vernichtung)......Page 159
Rejection of Negotiations......Page 161
Pursuit......Page 162
Practices Conducive to Mass Killing......Page 163
Trotha’s October Proclamation: Annihilation as Explicit Goal......Page 167
Death by Imprisonment......Page 169
CONCLUSION......Page 172
8 “Encirclement and Annihilation”......Page 175
COLONIAL RIVALRY AND RESISTANCE......Page 176
INVASION......Page 177
MILITARY CAMPAIGNS......Page 178
HUMAN RIGHTS ABUSES......Page 180
MILITARY CONTROL......Page 182
FORCED RESETTLEMENT AND MIGRATION......Page 183
THE AIMS OF THE MILITARY PROJECT......Page 185
MILITARY CONTROL......Page 187
THE CAUSES OF BRUTALITY......Page 188
COMPLICITY AND ACQUIESCENCE......Page 189
INTERNATIONAL PORTRAYAL......Page 190
REFERENDUM......Page 192
VOLTE-FACE......Page 193
INDONESIA IN TRANSITION......Page 194
INTERNATIONAL REACTION......Page 195
ACCEPTANCE AND INCOMPREHENSION......Page 196
THE PRICE OF FREEDOM......Page 197
PART III The Era of the Two World Wars......Page 199
9 Under Cover of War......Page 201
TOTAL WAR AND GENOCIDE IN THE TWENTIETH CENTURY......Page 202
Military Participation Threshold......Page 206
The Cutting Edge......Page 208
The Mobilization of the Imagination......Page 211
The Cultivation of Hatred......Page 218
10 The Mechanism of a Mass Crime......Page 227
11 The Third Reich, the Holocaust, and Visions of Serial Genocide......Page 253
EARLY PERSECUTIONS IN A CONSENSUS DICTATORSHIP......Page 254
THE WAR REVOLUTIONIZES THE NAZI REVOLUTION......Page 257
TOWARD THE FINAL SOLUTION......Page 258
ACTIONS AGAINST “GYPSIES” AND POLES......Page 264
PLANS FOR SERIAL GENOCIDE AND THE GENOCIDAL MENTALITY......Page 266
WAR OF ANNIHILATION......Page 271
CONCLUSION......Page 273
12 Reflections on Modern Japanese History in the Context of the Concept of Genocide......Page 277
CHINA......Page 283
KOREA......Page 286
The Sixteenth Century......Page 287
The Twentieth Century......Page 289
TWO SPECIAL CASES: PRISONERS OF WAR AND GERM WARFARE......Page 292
THE GENOCIDAL COMPLEX......Page 294
CONCLUSION......Page 296
PART IV Genocide and Mass Murder since 1945......Page 299
13 “When the World Turned to Chaos”......Page 301
EXPLAINING VIOLENCE......Page 302
THE SOCIAL LANDSCAPE OF VIOLENCE......Page 307
VIOLENCE AND RITUAL REFIGURINGS......Page 313
POSSIBILITIES AND PROBLEMS OF RECONCILIATION......Page 315
14 Genocide in Cambodia and Ethiopia......Page 319
ETHIOPIA, CAMBODIA, AND THE GENOCIDE DEBATE......Page 320
DEFINING THE EXPENDABLE......Page 323
RESETTLEMENT: A CONTESTED CASE OF MASS DEPORTATION......Page 330
CRIMINALIZING MASS DEPORTATION......Page 332
CONCLUSION......Page 334
15 Modern Genocide in Rwanda......Page 337
THE COLONIAL CONSTRUTION OF HUTU AND TUTSI DIFFERENCES......Page 338
THE HUTU REVOLUTION......Page 342
WAR AND GENOCIDE......Page 343
THE GENOCIDAL CAMPAIGN......Page 345
CONCLUSION: REVOLUTION, WAR, AND GENOCIDE......Page 347
16 History, Motive, Law, Intent......Page 351
A STATE RACIST IN THEORY AND PRACTICE......Page 352
COUNTERINSURGENT MOTIVES, GENOCIDAL INTENT......Page 356
CONCLUSION......Page 363
17 Analysis of a Mass Crime......Page 365
A DEFINITION OF MASS CRIME......Page 366
Submission of a Group......Page 367
Eradication of the Group......Page 368
THE DEVELOPMENT OF COLLECTIVE PSYCHOSIS......Page 369
ACTING OUT......Page 373
PERPETRATION OF THE CRIME......Page 377
WHY ATROCITIES?......Page 380
Conclusions......Page 383
18 Investigating Genocide......Page 385
APPENDIX Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide......Page 393
Index......Page 397