The semantics of Chinese classifiers and linguistic relativity

Acknowledgments        List of Figures        List of Tables        Abbreviations        Chapter 1 Introduction         Chapter 2 Descriptive studies of Chinese classifiers: From traditional grammar to cognitive grammar    2.1 The Traditional Grammar Approach Toward Chinese and Chinese Classifiers    2.1.1 Chinese Grammar Under Western Influence    2.1.2 History of Terms Used for Chinese Classifiers    2.1.3 Y. R. Chao\'s Definition and Classification of Chinese Classifiers    2.1.4 Discussion of Chao\'s Definition and Classification of Chinese Measures    2.2 The Cognitive Linguistic View of Language and Classifiers     2.2.1 Cognitive Linguistics and Cognitive Semantics    2.2.2 Categorization: Prototype Theory and Radial Categories    2.2.3 Embodiment    2.2.4 Image Schema     2.2.5 Conceptual Metaphor and Metonymy    2.2.6 Polysemy    2.3 The Cognitive Approach to Chinese Classifiers    2.3.1 Distinction Between Classifiers and Measure Words: A Redefinition of Chinese Classifiers    2.3.2 The Cognition-based Functional Approach to Chinese Classifiers    2.4 Theoretical Framework, Methodology, and Expected Findings of the Present Study    2.4.1 Theoretical Framework    2.4.2 Methodology    2.4.3 Expected Findings        Chapter 3 Linguistic Relativity and Empirical Studies    3.1 Linguistic Relativity and the Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis    3.1.1 From Humboldt to Whorf    3.1.2 Interpretations of the Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis    3.2 Empirical Studies on Linguistic Relativity    3.2.1 Lexical Categorization    3.2.2 Grammatical Categorization        Chapter 4 The Etymological Origins, Embodied Bases, and Semantic Extensions of Chinese Classifiers    4.1 Body Parts    4.1.1 The Head in General    4.1.2 The Top of the Head    4.1.3 The Neck    4.1.4 The Face and the Facial Features    4.1.5 Lower Appendages    4.1.6 Body Cavities    4.2 Bodily Actions    4.2.1 Head Movements    4.2.2 Manual Actions    4.2.3 Pedal and Ambulatory Actions    4.2.4 Posture    4.3 Plants, Trees, and Bamboo    4.3.1 Roots    4.3.2 Tree Branches and Twigs    4.3.3 Trunks    4.3.4 Flowers and Leaves    4.3.5 Wooden Strips     4.3.6 Seeds and Grains    4.4 Architecture, Construction, and Buildings     4.4.1 Structures and Buildings    4.4.2 Doors, Gates, and Entrances    4.4.3 Platforms and Foundations    4.4.4 Shed Frames and Ridge Poles    4.5 Textiles    4.5.1 Filaments    4.5.2 Quality of Silk     4.5.3 Woven Textiles    4.6 Vessels    4.6.1 Drinking Vessels    4.6.2 Actions Associated with Vessels    4.7 Vehicles    4.7.1 Wheels and Vehicles    4.7.2 Groups of Vehicles    4.7.3 Assembly of Vehicles    4.7.4 Actions of Vehicles    4.8 Soil, Rock, and Land    4.8.1 Soil    4.8.2 Rock and Stone    4.8.3 Land    4.9 Discussion        Chapter 5 The Semantic Structures of Classifier Categories: A Case Study of Body-Part Based Classifiers    5.1 The Semantic Structures of the Head-based Classifiers  (shou \"head\"),   (tou \"head\"), and   (ke \"small head\")    5.2 The Semantic Structure of the Top of the Head Originated Classifier   (ding \"top of the head\")     5.3 The Semantic Structure of Neck Based Classifier   (xiang \"nape\")    5.4 The Semantic Structure of Face and Facial Features Based Classifiers   (mian \"face\"),   (kou \"mouth\")    5.5 The Semantic Structure of Cavity in Human Body Based Classifier   (qiang \"cavity\")    5.6 Discussion        Chapter 6 Cognitive Effects of Chinese Classifiers    6.1 Studies of Chinese Classifiers for Linguistic Relativity    6.2 The Current Research    6.3 Experimental Design    6.4 Experiment 1: Picture-only Similarity Tests on Chinese and English Native Speakers    6.5 Experiment 2: Picture-only Similarity Tests on English Native Speakers with Chinese Language Proficiency at Intermediate Level or Above    6.6 Experiment 3: Picture-with-label Triadic Similarity Tests on Chinese Native Speakers     6.7 Results of Group Comparison    6.8 Discussion        Chapter 7 Cognitive Linguistics and Teaching Chinese Classifiers as a Second Language        Chapter 8 Conclusion        References        APPENDIX A: Consent Form        APPENDIX B: List of Stimulus Sets        APPENDIX C: Experiment Instructions