The Routledge International Handbook of Critical Philanthropy and Humanitarianism

Cover
Half Title
Title Page
Copyright Page
Table of Contents
List of Illustrations
	Figures
	Tables
Editor Biographies
List of Contributors
Chapter 1: Monopoly Philanthropy and the Humanitarian New World Order
	References
Part I: Philanthropy, Humanitarianism, and Political Economy
	Chapter 2: Neoliberalism, Philanthropy, and Humanitarianism: Pragmatic or Faustian Bargains?
		Charity, Philanthropy, and Humanitarianism
		Neoliberalism and Philanthrocapitalism
		Neoliberalism, Philanthropy, and Humanitarianism
			Soft-Hearted Capitalists?
			Going Corporate?
			Faustian Bargains?
		Conclusion: What Can Be Done?
		References
	Chapter 3: Social Impact Investing
		Forms
		Origins
		Philanthropic Backing of Social Impact Investments
		Governing the Social Impact Market-in-the-Making
		Politics
		Alternatives: A Case Study of the Boston Ujima Project
		Conclusion
		Notes
		References
	Chapter 4: Universal Basic Income
		Introduction
		Historical Geographies of UBI
		UBI and “The Start-up of You”
		UBI and “The Commons”
		Conclusion
		Acknowledgements
		Note
		References
	Chapter 5: Labor
		Introduction
		Aid Is Already “Local”: Humanitarian Workers
		No Such Thing as Beneficiaries
		Making Labor Invisible: Data, Technology, Logistics
		Conclusions: Race, Social Reproduction, and (Post)humanitarian Presents
		References
	Chapter 6: Political Economy of Educational Philanthropy: From Venture Philanthropy to Digital Privatization
		Educational Philanthropy and Profit
		Venture Philanthropy
		Philanthrocapitalism
		Philanthropy Privatizations through the “Innovative Finance” of Impact Investing
		Educational Philanthropy and the Resilience Technology Nexus
		Situating Educational Philanthropy in the Broader Economic and Cultural Context
		Conclusion
		References
	Chapter 7: Immunizing against Access? Philanthrocapitalist COVID Vaccines and the Preservation of Patent Monopolies
		Section 1: The Limits of the COVAX Charity Model and the New Washington Consensus
		Section 2: From Vaccine Access Inequality to Demands for Vaccine IP Liberty
		Section 3: From New Washington Consensus to New Geneva Convention
		Conclusions about Immunizations?
		Acknowledgements
		References
	Chapter 8: Philanthrocapitalism Seen from South Africa: Bill Gates’ Charity Turns to Tyranny, Misfired Silver Bullets, and Climate Vandalism
		Precursors of South African Philanthrocapitalist Social Engineering (Patrick Bond)
		Charitable Deeds or Monopoly Tyranny? (Liepollo Lebohang Pheko)
		Gates’ Silver-Bullet Misfiring at the Mandela Memorial Lecture (Patrick Bond)
		Waiting for Miracles: Debunking Gates’ Climate and Energy Policy (Alex Lenferna)
		Subsequent South African Mishaps
		Gates’ Deadly Commitment to Intellectual Property
		Conclusion
		Notes
		References
Part 2: Humanitarianism, Development, and Humanitarian Developments
	Chapter 9: Humanitarianism and the Non-European World
		Revisiting Decentering Approaches to Migration and Refugee Governance
		Jewish Immigration to the Ottoman Empire
		Conclusion
		Notes
		References
	Chapter 10: Design: The Colonial Imaginary of Humanitarian Good(s)
		The Design Imaginary of Problem-Solving
		The humanitarian imaginary of design
		The Colonial Imaginary of Humanitarian Good(s)
		Note
		References
	Chapter 11: Nigeria and the Humanitarian International: From Biafra to Boko Haram
		Nigeria’s Postcolonial Crisis
		The Biafran Moment
		Biafra Extended
		Insurgency, Islamism and the New Humanitarianism
		New Humanitarianism: NGO Trusteeship or Disaster Capitalism?
		Notes
		References
	Chapter 12: Neither “Philanthropy” nor “Development”: A Tale of Two Buzzwords
		Introduction
		“Development”: The Failed Past and Dubious Future of an Empty Signifier
			“Sustainable Development”: Another Brick in the Wall of Hegemonic “Development”
			Development Finance in the 2030 Agenda: The Perfect Neoliberal Framework for a GDA Based on a Market Episteme
		The Same Old Song: Philanthrocapitalism as a Union of Opposites
		Final Considerations
		References
	Chapter 13: Careful Killing: Humanitarian Warfare and the Politics of Precision Violence
		Humane War with Inhuman Warriors?
		Legal Imprecision: Between Necessary and Unnecessary Suffering
		Humanitarian Legal Creep and Law of War Doctrine
		Two Types of Precision
		Conclusion: Unsettling the Politics of Precision in Humanitarian War
		References
	Chapter 14: Humanitarianism Through Ubuntu Philosophy
		Introduction
		Humanitarianism and the Legitimation of Care
		Humanitarianism and the Normative Displacement of Politics
		Ubuntu: A Humanitarian Philosophy
		References
	Chapter 15: Celebrity: A Key Concept for Understanding the Power of “Helping”
		Introduction
		The Concept of Celebrity
		Defining Celebrity Humanitarianism
		The Organizational Forms of Celebrity Humanitarianism
		Celebrity Humanitarians and Representations of Helping
			Politics Engendered by Celebrity Humanitarianism
		Problems with Celebrity Humanitarianism
		What Can the Concept of Celebrity Be Useful for Understanding about Philanthropy and Humanitarianism?
		Notes
		References
Part 3: Philanthro-Humanitarianism: Projects, Problems, and Practices
	Chapter 16: Metrics, Legibility, and the Logics of Governance in Philanthropy and Humanitarian Aid: A Politics of Knowledge Approach
		Metrics as Logics of Governance
			Poverty Metrics
			Global Health Metrics
		Metrics as Modes of Legibility
			Human Rights Metrics
			Randomized Controlled Trials in Economic Development
			Biometrics and Bodily Evidence to Adjudicate Eligibility for Humanitarian Relief
		Metrics as Tools for Social Change
		Contributions of Social Studies of Measurement to Critical Philanthropy and Humanitarian Studies
		References
	Chapter 17: Modernism and Technology in Humanitarian Action
		Victorian Modernism
		High Modernism
		Low Modernism
		Persistent Modernism
		References
	Chapter 18: The Spirit of Climate Philanthropy
		Introduction
		A Concentrated and Aligned Sector
		A Common Theory of Change
		Legitimizing Successful-Entrepreneurs-Turned-Philanthropists
		Climate Philanthropy, California, and the New Green Spirit of Capitalism
		Energy Foundation
		Exporting and Expanding the Energy Foundation Model
		Conclusion
		Notes
		References
	Chapter 19: Obstruction
		Introduction
		What Is Obstruction?
		Forms and Functions of Obstruction
		Obstruction in Practice
			The So-Called European Migration Crisis (2014–2021)
			Conflict and Crisis in Yemen (2011–2021)
		Concluding Thoughts
		Notes
		References
	Chapter 20: Nation-Building and Its Exclusions: Elite Philanthropy and the Limits of Social Reform
		The Canadian Pacific Railway, Strathcona’s Philanthropy, and White Settler Colonialism
		Birlas’ Philanthropy and Hindu Nation-Building
		Conclusion: Philanthropy and Exclusionary Nation-Building
		Notes
		References
	Chapter 21: Philanthropy in France and Colonial Haiti: Bienfaisance, Paternalism, and Race
		Philanthropic Organizations
		Public Instruction
		Conclusion
		Note
		References
	Chapter 22: Humanitarian Futures
		Humanitarian Futures: Concerns
		Humanitarian Futures: Abolitionist Moves…
		Humanitarian Futures: Dehumanism
		Decolonization beyond the Metaphor
		Humanitarian Futures: Decolonization and Demilitarization
		Humanitarian Futures: Decolonization and Despatializing
		Toward Many Humanitarian Futures
		Notes
		References
Index