The Rise and Size of the Fitness Industry in Europe: Fit for the Future?

Measure
Contents
List of Figures
List of Tables
Foreword by Remco Hoekman
Foreword by Andreas Paulsen
About the Editors
Notes on Contributors
1 The Global Health and Fitness Industry at a Glance: Fast, Fit, Flexible, Functional, Funny, Fashionable and Fanatic
	The Rise and Size of the Global Fitness and Health Club Industry
	The Concept of Fitness
	Roots, Global Spread and Popularity of the Fitness Industry
	Fit for the Future? The Paradoxical Realm of Fitness
	Framework of the Book
	References
2 The Weight of Numbers: Prevalence of Overweight, Sedentary Behaviour and Sport/Fitness Participation from a Comparative Pan-European Perspective
	Introduction
	Materials and Methods
	Socio-Demographic Developments
	Trends Regarding Overweight and Insufficient Physical Activity
	Prevalence of Fatness, Physical (in)Activity and (Club-Organised) Sports and Fitness Participation
	Wealthy and Healthy? Or Are We Better off with Social Equality?
	Regional Patterns in Physical Inactivity, Sports Participation, Participation in a Sports Club and Fitness Participation
	Social Patterns in Physical Inactivity, Sports Participation, Participation in a Sports Club and Fitness Participation
	Conclusion
	References
3 The (R)Evolution of the Flemish Fitness Industry
	Introduction
	Theoretical and Conceptual Framework
		Definition of Fitness
	Materials and Method
	Trends in Sport and Fitness
		Popularity of Sport and Fitness
	Profile and Typology of Fitness Participants
		Participant Profile
		Motivation and Behaviour of Fitness Consumers
		Household Expenses
	Provision and Governance of Fitness
		Position and Spread of Fitness in the Country
		Characteristics and Typology of Fitness Centres
		Accommodation in Fitness Centres
		Employment in the Fitness Industry
		Revenues in the Fitness Industry
		Innovation: Communication—Social Media
	Conclusion
	References
4 Bulgarian Fitness Industry: Policies, Processes and Providers
	Introduction
	Conceptual Framework
	Material and Method
	Trends in Fitness Participation
		Changes in Popularity of Sport and Fitness
		Change in Types of Fitness Centres
	Provision and Governance of Fitness
		Provision of Fitness and Typology of Fitness Providers
		Leading Operators in Fitness Industry
		Governance of Fitness
		Accommodation in Fitness Centres
		Employment in the Fitness Industry
		Membership Fees and Revenues in the Fitness Industry
		Innovation
	Conclusions
	References
5 Current Trends in the Fitness Movement in Cyprus
	Introduction
		Historical Background
		Sports Evolution in Cyprus
	Theoretical and Conceptual Framework
		Cyprus’ Definition of Fitness
	Materials and Methods
		Methodology and Data
		Methodology of the Leisure Sports Participation Study
		The Ernst and Young (EY) Study
	Trends in (a) Demand Side (= Participation), and (B) Supply Side (= Organizational/Structures)
	Numbers/Figures About Demand Side
	Numbers/Figures About Supply Side (Provision and Governance of Fitness)
		Provision of Fitness by Private Market and by Others–Employment in Fitness Industry
		Market Penetration
		Typology of Fitness Centres
	Conclusion
	References
6 Fitness in Denmark: A Unique Combination of the Commercial and Non-profit Sectors
	Introduction
	Theoretical and Conceptual Framework
		Definition of Fitness in Denmark
		Theoretical Inspiration
	Material and Method
	Trends
		Popularity of Sports and Exercise
		Popularity of Fitness
		The Organisation of Fitness
	Why There Are so Many Fitness Associations in Denmark?
	Fitness: Commercial or Non-profit Service?
	Conclusions
	References
7 Engagement in Fitness Activities in England
	Introduction
	Theoretical and Conceptual Framework
	Material and Method
	Trends in Demand
		The Growing and Changing Demand for Fitness
		The Current Demand for Fitness
	Trends in Supply
	Conclusion
	References
8 Fitness in Finland: Department Stores of Healthy Life Styles
	Introduction
	Materials and Method
	Demand of Fitness in Finland
	Supply of Fitness in Finland
	Business Activities of Fitness in Finland
	Conclusions
	References
9 Fitness in France: A Mature Sector Looking for Growing Markets and Segments
	Introduction
	Conceptual Framework
	Material and Method
		Secondary Data
		Primary Data
	General Trends in Demand and Supply-Side
	The Demand-Side
		General Data
		Participants’ Profile
		Participation Forms
		Consumption
		General Profiles
	The Supply-Side
	Conclusion
	References
10 Development of the Fitness Industry in Germany
	Introduction
	Theoretical and Conceptual Framework
		Fitness
		Private Fitness Clubs
	Material and Method
	Trends in (a) Demand Side (= Participation), and (b) Supply Side (= Organisational/Structures)
		Demand-Side
		Supply-Side
	Numbers/Figures About Demand Side
		Socio-Demographic Profile of Participants
		Participants’ Motivation
		Participants’ Membership
	Numbers/Figures About Supply Side (Provision and Governance of Fitness)
		Typology
		Accommodations
		Revenues and Membership Fees
		Employment
		Leading Operators
	Conclusions
		Future Outlook
	References
11 The Impact of the Economic Crisis on the Private Fitness Sector in Greece
	Introduction
	Conceptual Framework: The Fitness Sector in Greece
	Material and Method
	Trends in (a) Demand Side (Fitness Participation), and (b) Supply Side (Fitness Clubs)
		The Influence of the Economic Crisis and the Strategies Adopted to Alleviate Its Effects
		Changes and Trends in the Marketing of Fitness Clubs
	Numbers/Figures About the Demand Side
		Profile of the Fitness Participants
	Information About the Supply Side (Fitness Clubs)
		Membership Fees
		Problems that Fitness Clubs Face Today
		The Future of the Fitness Industry
	Conclusions
	References
12 The Shape of the Fitness Industry in Ireland
	Introduction
	Theoretical and Conceptual Framework
		Ireland’s Definition of Fitness
	Material and Method
	Trends in (a) Demand Side (=Participation), and (b) Supply Side (=Organisational/Structures)
		Change in Popularity of Sports & Fitness
		Change in Number and Profile of Fitness Participants
		Change in Percentage of Population with Fitness Club Membership
		Change in Types of Fitness Centres
	Numbers/Figures About Demand Side
		Profile and Typology of Fitness Participants
		Overall Fitness-Participation
		Differences According to Gender, Age, Socio-Economic Status
		Motivation and Behaviour of Fitness Consumers
	Numbers/Figures About Supply Side (Provision and Governance of Fitness)
		Provision of Fitness by Private Market and by Others (Local Authorities, Sports Clubs, Partnerships …)
		Market Penetration
		Number of Clubs and Members/Club
		Partnerships with Other Sport Actors
		Typology of Fitness Centres
		Accommodation in Fitness Centres (Activities/Infrastructure)
		Employment in Fitness Industry
		Leading Operators in Fitness Industry
		Membership Fees and Revenues in Fitness Industry
	Extras
		Innovation
	Conclusion
	References
13 Fitness in Italy: Body Culture, Well-Being and Active Lifestyles
	Introduction
	Theoretical and Conceptual Framework: Fitness Cultural Background
	Materials and Methods
	Trends in (a) Demand Side and (b) Supply Side
		Evolution in Sport and Fitness. The Demand Side in Italy
			Profile and Typology of Fitness Participants
		Discussion on the Most Recent Numbers of Supply
			Turnover
		Companies, Clubs and Attendance
		Leading Operators
		Employment
		Typology of Fitness Centres
	Conclusions: Innovations and Directions
	References
14 The Netherlands: Growing Market, Shifting Segments
	Introduction
	Conceptual Framework
	Material and Method
	Trends in Demand and Supply
		Rise of Participation Level
		Rise of the Fitness Sector: From Colleagues to Competitors
		Low-Cost Operators
		Boutiques
		Retention
		Collaboration
		Integration of Technology
	Demand Side
		Characteristics
		Organisational Context
		Participation
		Motives
		Injuries
	Supply Side
		Manifestations of Supply of Fitness
		Service Level and Market Segments
		Employment
		Prices and Pricing Strategy
		Turnover
	Conclusions
	References
15 Norwegian Fitness Industry: From Bodybuilding to a Public Health Partner
	Introduction
	Conceptual Framework
		Evolution of the Fitness Industry in Norway
	Material and Method
		Ipsos MMI
		Virke Trening Reports
		KAN-Study
		Statistics Norway
	Trends in (a) Demand Side, and (b) Supply Side
		Popularity of Fitness
		Number of Fitness Centres
		Memberships and Members
	Numbers/Figures About Demand Side
		Participation in Fitness Centre Activities
		Motives for Exercise Participation at Fitness Centres
	Numbers/Figures About Supply Side (Provision and Governance of Fitness)
		Location and Coverage
		Type of Fitness Centres
		Accommodation Activities
		Market Penetration
		Fitness Centre Employment and Competence
	Extras
		Norwegian Fitness Industry as Public Health Work Partner
		Health Challenges of the Fitness Industry: Disordered Eating and Use of Doping
	Conclusions
	References
16 A Growing Sector After the Impact of the Great Recession in Spain
	Introduction
	Conceptual Framework
	Material and Method
	Trends in Demand-Side and Supply-Side
		Trends About Fitness Demand-Side
		Trends About Fitness Supply-Side
	Numbers About the Demand-Side
	Numbers About the Supply-Side
		Structure and Organisation of the Fitness Supply-Side
		Characteristics of the Main Fitness Centre Companies
		Most Offered Activities of Fitness Centres in Spain
	Conclusions
	References
17 Current Situation of Fitness Sport in Switzerland
	Introduction
	Theoretical and Conceptual Framework
	Material and Method
		Sport Switzerland 2014
		Commercial Fitness Providers
	Fitness Participants in Switzerland
		The Use of Private Fitness Centres
	Commercial Fitness Centres in Switzerland
	Summary and Conclusion
	References
18 Fitness(-Related) Trends Within and Between Countries: Towards a Fit (in) Europe?
	Introduction
	Materials and Methods
	Population Prospects and Shifting Segments
	Sedentary Behaviour: Prevalence of Overweight and Physical Inactivity
	Participation in (Club-Organised) Sports
	Fitness Participation
	Background Characteristics of Fitness Participants
		Sex
		Age
		Educational Status
		Occupation
		Marital Status
		Living Environment
		Difficulties Paying Bills
		Health Motives
	Discussion
	Conclusion
	References
19 Fitness: The New Black or Even a Religion?
	Introduction
	Trends and Motives of Fitness Participation
	Supply of Fitness Centres and Health Clubs
	Employment in Fitness
	Membership Fees
	Future of Fitness
	References
Index