The Quality of Freedom: Khodorkovsky, Putin and the Yukos Affair

Contents......Page 6
List of Tables......Page 10
Acknowledgements......Page 11
Preface......Page 13
1. Introduction: Freedom and Property......Page 20
Logics of modernity......Page 21
Dimensions of freedom......Page 24
A new dual state......Page 33
Freedom and property......Page 35
The cultural revolution of property......Page 39
Embedding capitalism and development......Page 43
Liberalism and freedom......Page 46
2. The Birth and Transformation of Yukos......Page 49
Background......Page 50
Menatep: From banking to industry......Page 52
Establishment and privatization of Yukos......Page 59
Yukos: Consolidation and crisis......Page 64
Consolidation and development......Page 65
The oligarchs are born......Page 71
Merger mania......Page 75
The 1998 partial default......Page 78
The loser takes the fall......Page 80
Yukos transformed......Page 81
A revolution in production......Page 82
Corporate transformations......Page 86
Personal issues......Page 89
3. The State and the Oligarchs......Page 93
Pluralist state to regime consolidation......Page 94
Putin’s policy of ‘equidistance’......Page 97
Muddy waters......Page 98
Business and state in the new dispensation......Page 103
Between assaults......Page 105
From equidistance to subordination......Page 107
‘The State and the Oligarchs’......Page 108
The revenge of the state......Page 111
An interaction model......Page 113
Models of the Yukos affair......Page 114
The ideology of statism......Page 115
The political theory......Page 118
The factional theory......Page 120
A state within a state......Page 127
Independent political entrepreneurship......Page 131
Khodorkovsky’s defection......Page 132
Party politics......Page 134
The reorganization of power......Page 137
Foreign policy aspects......Page 140
Open Russia......Page 142
Philanthropy and patriotism......Page 145
Questions of economic policy......Page 147
Merger of Yukos and Sibneft......Page 148
Policy conflicts: Pipelines and markets......Page 152
Rosneft, Gunvor, and the emergence of an anti-Yukos ‘politburo’......Page 158
Face to face: 19 February 2003......Page 161
Personal relations......Page 163
The assault begins......Page 167
First arrests......Page 168
Khodorkovsky’s response......Page 170
Khodorkovsky’s arrest......Page 176
First reactions......Page 177
Political fallout......Page 180
Murky matters......Page 183
Paris and beyond......Page 184
Avisma, Valmet, and shell companies......Page 187
The attack on Yukos......Page 189
Yukos after Khodorkovsky......Page 190
Tax matters......Page 197
The ‘scam of the year’: The sale of Yuganskneftegaz (YNG)......Page 203
Yukos investigated......Page 207
Pre-trial detention......Page 208
The case against Khodorkovsky and his associates......Page 212
Criminal charges......Page 213
The Apatit case......Page 214
Pichugin: The Tambov cases and Valentina Korneeva......Page 215
Petukhov and the Nefteyugansk case......Page 218
The East Petroleum case (Yevgeny Rybin)......Page 222
The Mitra and Lesnoi case......Page 223
Khodorkovsky’s trial......Page 225
‘Basmanny justice’......Page 226
Reaction to the trial and verdict......Page 232
Appeals......Page 237
In the penal colony......Page 241
The Krasnokamensk prison colony: From Rokossovsky to Khodorkovsky......Page 242
Life as a prisoner......Page 245
The broader assault......Page 250
The Temerko case......Page 251
The Bakhmina case......Page 253
Vasily Aleksanyan......Page 254
Other cases......Page 256
The end of Yukos......Page 258
Bankruptcy......Page 259
Twisting the knife......Page 264
Civil proceedings......Page 265
The attack continues......Page 267
Further charges......Page 268
International appeals and rulings......Page 273
International commentary......Page 276
Law and power......Page 281
8. From Oligarch to ‘Dissident’......Page 283
Business and the state......Page 284
The crisis of Russian liberalism......Page 287
Features of the crisis......Page 288
Khodorkovsky as political philosopher and commentator......Page 293
Prison and the world: Property and freedom......Page 297
First interview from jail......Page 299
Freedom the Russian way......Page 301
The left turn......Page 303
‘Freedom does not bring happiness’......Page 304
Realism or fatalism......Page 306
Another left turn......Page 309
Civil society and development......Page 310
Left Turn 2......Page 312
The world in 2020......Page 315
Freedom, the market, and sovereign democracy......Page 316
The ambiguities of Russian liberalism......Page 317
Commentator on Russian politics......Page 319
9. Propaganda and Public Opinion......Page 323
Media and propaganda......Page 324
Public relations......Page 327
Media and martyrdom......Page 330
Public opinion......Page 331
Yukos and orange technologies......Page 333
In the international arena......Page 337
Building national champions......Page 341
Rosneft and the turn to statism......Page 342
Gazprom and planned merger with Rosneft......Page 345
Rosneft goes global......Page 348
The state and the energy sector......Page 351
The energy sector and Russia’s economy......Page 352
The economic consequences of the Yukos affair......Page 353
The dual economy......Page 357
Continuing consolidation......Page 359
Deprivatization......Page 363
Towards a new embedded capitalism......Page 367
Meta-corruption, or an economy of rents......Page 370
A moral economy......Page 372
11. Polity and Power......Page 376
Resources and power: The oil curse?......Page 377
The political system and civil society......Page 384
The debate on freedom in the wake of Khodorkovsky’s arrest......Page 388
An ‘energy superpower’......Page 389
Energy imperialism?......Page 390
Resource nationalism......Page 395
The Yukos case: Right and wrong?......Page 399
Class and state power......Page 406
Fate and freedom......Page 411
Bibliography......Page 416
B......Page 430
C......Page 431
E......Page 432
F......Page 433
H......Page 434
K......Page 435
M......Page 437
N......Page 438
P......Page 439
R......Page 440
S......Page 441
T......Page 442
W......Page 443
Z......Page 444