The Public Speaking Playbook

Preface
Acknowledgments
About the Authors
Part I Get Ready to Speak Confidently
	Chapter 1 You Can Speak Confidently
		Coaching Tip
		Speechmaking’s Benefits
			Personal Benefits
			Career Benefits
			Societal Benefits
		Public Speaking Contexts: Face-to-Face and Digital
			Picture the Parts Working Together
			Consider Audience Expectations
				Coaching Tip
		Build Speechmaking Confidence
			Self-Assessment 1.1: How Confident Are You About Public Speaking?
			Understand Public Speaking Anxiety
				What if I fail?
				What if I haven’t had enough experience?
				What if others don’t like my speech?
				What if everyone stares at me?
				What if we have nothing in common?
				What if other presenters aren’t as apprehensive as I am?
			Address the Physical Effects of Speech Anxiety
				Tense/Relax
				Strike a Powerful Pose
			Address the Mental Effects of Speech Anxiety
				Coaching Tip
			Use Skills Training
			Anxiety Can Be Transformative
				Prepare Thoroughly and Rehearse
				Visualize a Positive Experience
				Remind Yourself That Receivers Usually Cannot See or Hear Your Fear
				Use an Array of Supportive Techniques
		Use This System to Ready Your First Speech
			Select Your Topic
				Conduct a Life Overview
				Focus on This Moment in Time
				Be Newsy
				Use Technology
			Develop, Support, and Organize Your Speech
				The Speech’s Purpose
				The Thesis Statement
				The Main Points
				Conduct Research to Gather Supporting Materials
				Develop an Outline
			Introduction
			Practice Delivery
			Conduct a Post-Presentation Analysis
			Game Plan
		Exercises
			Get a Strong Start
				1. Deliver a Tip on How to Enhance Confidence
				2. TED on Body Language
				3. The Opening
				4. Warm Up to Public Speaking
				5. Analyze This: A First Speech
				My Hometown
				6. Approach the Speaker’s Stand: Give Your First Speech
		Recap and Review
		Key Terms
	Chapter 2 Public Speaking in a Connected World
		Respect Different Cultures
			Attune Yourself to Difference
				Self-Assessment 2.1: How Prepared Are You to Address and Listen to People of Diverse Cultures?
			Assess Your Understanding of Cultural Diversity
			Reflect Cultural Values
				Co-cultures
				Different Communication Styles
			Coaching Tip
			Understand Cultural Identity
			Consider Preferred Learning Styles
			Understand Difference to Build Bridges and Confidence
				Avoid Formulating Expectations Based Solely on Your Own Culture
				Make a Commitment to Develop Speechmaking and Listening Skills Appropriate to Life in the Age of Multiculturalism and Globalization
		Speak Ethically
			Ethical Behavior Audiences Expect of Speakers
				Share Only What You Know to Be True
				Respect the Audience
			Coaching Tip
				Prepare Fully
				Put the Audience First
				Be Easy to Understand
				Don’t Weaponize Words
				Don’t Spin
				Don’t Spread Disinformation
				Respect Difference
				Hold Yourself Accountable for Plagiarism
			Ethical Behavior Speakers Expect of Audiences
				Give All Ideas a Fair Hearing
				Be Courteous, Attentive, and React Honestly
		Think Critically
			Set Goals
			Analyze Consequences
			Assess Outcomes and Their Effects
				Game Plan
		Exercises
			Cultural Diversity, Ethics, and Critical Thinking
				1. The Danger of Overgeneralizing
				2. How We Learn Matters
				3. Analyze This Speech: Thinking Critically About Diversity and Inclusion
				4. Approach the Speaker’s Stand
		Recap and Review
		Key Terms
Part II Listen and Adapt
	Chapter 3 Mindful Listening
		Open Ears, Open Minds, and the Six Stages of Listening
			Are Your Ears and Mind Open?
				Self-Assessment 3.1: How Open Are Your Ears and Mind?
				Coaching Tip
			Do You Know the Six Stages of Listening?
				Stage 1: Hearing/Receiving
				Stage 2: Understanding
				Stage 3: Remembering
				Stage 4: Interpreting
				Stage 5: Evaluating
				Stage 6: Responding
			Are You Aware of Culture’s Impact?
		Listening Has Its Rewards
			Reduced Stress
			More Learning
			Improved Speaker–Audience Relationship
			Improved Decision Making
			Improved Speaking
			A Better Society
		What’s Your Listening Type and Style?
			Listening Types
				Type 1: Appreciative: Listening for Pleasure
				Type 2: Empathic: Listening to Provide Emotional Support
				Type 3: Comprehensive: Listening to Get Information
				Type 4: Critical/Deliberative: Listening to Make an Evaluation
			Listening Styles
				People-Oriented Listening
				Action-Oriented Listening
				Content-Oriented Listening
				Time-Oriented Listening
		Improving Listening Behavior Live and Online
			Stay Tuned In
			React Honestly
			Give a Fair Hearing
				Coaching Tip
			Control Emotional Reactions
				Game Plan
			Challenge Yourself
			Focus on the Value in the Speech
			Control the Physical Environment
			Use Time Wisely
			Give Constructive Feedback
		Exercises
			Listening Mindfully
				1. Seven Points
				2. Take Notes
				3. Respond With Constructive Criticism
				4. Approach the Speaker’s Stand
		Recap and Review
		Key Terms
	Chapter 4 Analyzing and Adapting to the Audience
		Coaching Tip
		Focus on Your Audience
			Consider the Audience’s Makeup—Explore and Celebrate Its Diversity
			Be Audience Centered—Use Empathy
				Self-Assessment 4.1: How Empathetic and Audience-Centerted Am I?
			Answer Preliminary Questions
		Compose a Demographic Snapshot
			Consider Age
			Consider Gender
			Respect Sexual Orientation
			Gauge Knowledge Level
			Understand Racial, Ethnic, Religious, and Cultural Ties
			Identify Affiliations
			Consider Socioeconomics
			Consider Physical Ability
		Compose a Psychographic Snapshot
			Understand Values, Beliefs, and Attitudes
			Understand How the Audience Perceives Your Topic
			Understand How the Audience Perceives You
		Consider the Speaking Situation
			Analyze the Occasion
			Consider the Location
			Consider the Time
			Gauge Audience Size
		Reach Out to Acquire Even More Audience Information
			Ask Your Contacts
			Use Personal Knowledge and Observations
			Research Audience Attitudes
				The Questionnaire
			Game Plan
		Exercises
			Audience Analysis
				1. What Do You Know?
				2. Adapt This
				3. Analyze the Audience: Do Audience Members Want to Be Present?
				4. Approach the Speaker’s Stand
		Recap and Review
		Key Terms
Part III Topic and Research
	Chapter 5 Selecting a Topic and Purpose
		Formulate a Topic
			Fill in the Blank Page: Find a Topic That Links Self, Audience, and Occasion
				Self-Assessment 5.1: Fill in the Blank
			Use Brainstorming Techniques
				Technique 1: Brainstorm to Develop a Personal Inventory of Interesting Subjects
				Technique 2: Brainstorm Using Categories as a Stimulus
				Technique 3: Brainstorm Using the A-B-C Approach
			Use Other Topic Selection Techniques
				Technique 4: Scan the Media
				Technique 5: What’s Taboo to Whom?
				Technique 6: Draw a Mind Map
				Technique 7: Draw a Topic Cone
		Formulate General and Specific Purposes
			Formulate the General Purpose
				Speaking to Inform
				Speaking to Persuade
				Speaking to Entertain
			Formulate the Specific Purpose
				Coaching Tip
			Consider the Audience’s Perspective
				Sample Behavioral Objectives for Informative Speeches
				Sample Behavioral Objectives for Persuasive Speeches
			Game Plan
		Formulate the Thesis Statement or Central Idea
			Thesis Statements for Informative Speeches
			Thesis Statements for Persuasive Speeches
				Coaching Tip
			Evaluating the Thesis Statement or Central Idea
		Exercises
			Topic and Purpose
				1. Top 10 Topics
				2. Purposeful Purposes
				3. Analyze This: Is It Clear?
				Planned Parenthood: Service Provider
				4. Approach the Speaker’s Stand
		Recap and Review
		Key Terms
	Chapter 6 Finding and Evaluating Research for Your Speech
		Coaching Tip
		Use Primary Research
			Use Personal Knowledge and Experience
			Interview Others With Specialized Knowledge
				Prepare for the Interview
			Preliminary Questions for the American Polygraph Association Representative
				Conduct the Interview
				Conduct a Post-Interview Review
		Gather Secondary Research
			Library Resources
				The Catalog
			Coaching Tip
				Reference Collections and Other Resources
			Online Sources—Ask Questions
			Websites—Consider Trustworthiness
			Blogs—Be Cautious
			Wikis—Be Wary
				Self-Assessment 6.1: Questioning Research
		Critically Assess Research, Keeping a Research Record
			Assess Traditional Research Sources
			Evaluate Online Sources
				Game Plan
			Take Good Notes
			Cite Source Materials Carefully
		Exercises
			Research
				1. Use a Checklist
				2. Analyze Research Cited
				Bitcoin
				3. Do You Know What They Know?
				4. Approach the Speaker’s Stand
		Recap and Review
		Key Terms
	Chapter 7 Integrating Support
		Examples
			Short Examples
				Coaching Tip
			Narrative Examples
			Hypothetical Examples
			Assess the Power of Your Examples
		Explanations and Descriptions
			Explanations
			Descriptions
			Assess the Power of Your Explanations and Descriptions
		Definitions
			Which Words Should You Define?
			How Do You Define a Word?
			Assess the Power of Your Definitions
		Analogies
			Literal Analogies
			Figurative Analogies
			Assess the Power of Your Analogies
				Coaching Tip
		Facts and Statistics
			Understand What Statistics Mean
			Put Statistics to Use Ethically
			Present Statistics Visually
			Assess Your Use of Statistics
				Game Plan
		Testimony
			Expert Testimony
			Peer or Lay Testimony
			Assess the Power of Your Testimony
				Self-Assessment 7.1: Identifying Support
		Citing Sources in Your Speech
		Exercises
			Support
				1. Finding Facts, Statistics, and Examples
				2. Reliable Sources
				3. Assess the Speech: Identifying Support
				4. Approach the Speaker’s Stand
		Recap and Review
		Key Terms
Part IV Organize and Outline
	Chapter 8 Organizing the Main Points of Your Speech
		Coaching Tip
		Understand Speech Patterns: Organization
		Arranging a Speech’s Main Points Using Linear Organization
			Time Order: It’s Chronological
			Spatial Order: It’s Directional
			Cause-and-Effect Order: It’s Relational
			Problem–Solution Order: It’s Workable
			Topical Order: It’s Part of the Whole
				Self-Assessment 8.1: Organization Matters
		Narration (Stories): The Less Direct Configural Format
			Game Plan
		Exercises
			Organization
				1. Organization Matters
				2. Pick a Pattern
				3. Analyze the Speech: Contemplate Cultural Perspectives
				4. Approach the Speaker’s Stand
		Recap and Review
		Key Terms
	Chapter 9 Outlining Your Speech
		Coaching Tip
		Create an Outline That Works for You
			Identify Your Main Points
			Support Main Points With Subordinate Points
				Format for Main and Subpoints in Your Outline
			Full-Sentence Outline
			Use Coordinate Points
			Exhibit Parallelism
			Label All Parts
		Facilitate Speech Flow
			Use Transitions
			Use Internal Previews
			Use Internal Summaries
			Use Signposts
				Sample Full-Sentence Outline
			Works Consulted
				Self Assessment 9.1: Can I Develop an Effective Full-Sentence Outline?
		Use a Formal Outline to Prepare Speaker’s Notes
			Explore the Sound of Your Speech
				Game Plan
			Prepare Speaker’s Notes
		Exercises
			Outlining
				1. Develop an Outline of a Speech
				2. Take the Transitional Challenge
				3. Assess the Speech: YouTube and TED
				4. Approach the Speaker’s Stand
		Recap and Review
		Key Terms
Part V Present Your Speech
	Chapter 10 Beginning and Ending Your Speech
		Coaching Tip
		The How and Why of the Speech Introduction
			How to Capture the Audience’s Attention
				Startle or Shock the Audience
				Involve the Audience
				Arouse Curiosity and Build Suspense
				Quote a Relevant Source
				Use Humor
				Arouse Emotion
			Why to Build Credibility
				See Yourself Through Their Eyes
				Demonstrate Your Credibility
				Establish Topic Credibility and Relevance
				Connect Credibility and Culture
			The Importance of Previewing the Big Ideas
		End the Speech as Strongly as You Began It
			Keep It Short
			Forecast the Finish Line
			Restate the Thesis or Central Idea and Main Points
			Motivate the Audience (Again)
			Achieve Closure
			Self-Assessment 10.1: Speech Beginnings and Endings
		Overcome Common Pitfalls
			Game Plan
		Exercises
			The Introduction and the Conclusion
				1. Captivate and Wow Me
				2. Learn From TV
				3. Analyze This Introduction and Conclusion
				4. Approach the Speaker’s Stand
		Recap and Review
		Key Terms
	Chapter 11 Wording the Speech
		Choose Words That Share Meaning
			Use Words to Connect With Receivers
				Coaching Tip
			Overcome Communication Obstacles
			Consider Time and Place
			Observe Reasoning and Thinking Preferences
			Use Plain, Unbiased Language
		Be Strategic
			Keep It Simple
			Keep It Concrete
			Keep It Appropriate
				Confront the Issue of Political Correctness
				Use Unbiased Language
			Keep It Distinctive and Vivid
				Use Figures of Speech
				Use Sound and Rhythm
			Keep It Personal
				Coaching Tip
		Use Oral Style
			Self-Assessment 11.1: Are You Using an Oral Style?
			Game Plan
		Exercises
			Word Matters
				1. Weave a Word Tapestry
				2. Be Word Wise
				3. Analyze the Words Used
				4. Approach the Speaker’s Stand
		Recap and Review
		Key Terms
	Chapter 12 Delivery Modes and Practice
		Coaching Tip
		Differentiate Among Delivery Modes
			Impromptu Speaking
			Manuscript Reading
			Extemporaneous Speaking
			Speaking From Memory
			Sound Bite Speaking (Twitter-Speak)
				Self-Assessment 12.1: Delivery Mode Analysis: What’s Your Style?
		Prepare and Practice
			Schedule Multiple Early Practices
			Verbalize Everything
			Practice With Your Visual, Audio, and Memory Aids
			Check Your Time
			Replicate Actual Speechmaking Conditions
		Decide If You’re Ready
			Bleep Common Practice Bloopers
			Watch and Listen to Yourself Alone and With Others
			Give Yourself a Preliminary Evaluation
			Refine, Practice, and Refine
			Attend to Nonverbal Aspects of Delivery
			Hold a Mock Q&A Session
				Game Plan
		Exercises
			Delivery
				1. Get More Comfortable in Front of Others
				2. Getting to Know You: Introducing the Q&A
				3. How Talk Show Talents Do It
				4. Analyze a Politician’s Delivery
				5. Approach the Speaker’s Stand
		Recap and Review
		Key Terms
	Chapter 13 Delivering Your Speech
		Nonverbal Messages: Beyond the Speaker’s Words
			Self-Assessment 13.1: What Do You Know About Nonverbal Messaging?
		Take Control of How You Sound
			Properly Use Pitch, Volume, Rate, Articulation, and Pronunciation
				Vary Pitch
				Adapt Volume to the Situation and Cultural Norms
				Adjust Rate, Use Silent Pauses, Avoid Fillers
			Coaching Tip
				Pause …
				Attend to Articulation and Pronunciation
			Be Aware of Accents, Dialects, and Regionalisms
				Coaching Tip
		Coordinate Your Body Language and Spoken Words
			Gesture Meaningfully
				Illustrators
				Emblems
				Vary Gestures
			Remember, Posture Matters
			Use Facial Expressions and Eye Contact to Connect
				Put on Your Game Face
				Maintain Eye Contact
			Use Appearance to Support Performance
		Make the Most of the Setting
			Aim for Immediacy
			Decide From Where to Speak
			Approach the Audience Confidently
				Game Plan
		Exercises
			Using Your Voice and Body
				1. Stretch
				2. Convey Emotion
				3. Analyze This: The Sound and Look of Speech
				4. Approach the Speaker’s Stand
		Recap and Review
		Key Terms
	Chapter 14 Using Presentation Aids
		Coaching Tip
		Use Presentation Aids Strategically
			Strategy Matters: The Wrong Way to Use Presentation Aids
			Strategy Matters: The Right Way to Use Presentation Aids
				Self-Assessment 14.1: How Ready Are You to Use Presentation Aids?
		Select the Best Aids
			Real People
			Props and Models
				Props
				Models
				Tips to Remember
			Photographs
			Graphs
				Line Graphs
				Bar Graphs
				Pie Graphs
				Infographics
			Charts, Drawings, and Maps
				Charts
				Drawings and Maps
			Audio and Video Clips
				Video Clips
				Audio Clips
			Coaching Tip
		Be Familiar With Presentation Software: Your Key to Using Presentation Aids
			Devise the Content and Design the Look
			Choose the Right Presentation Aids
			Integrate the Presentation Aids Into Your Speech
				Game Plan
		Exercises
			Presentation Aids
				1. Visuals and Sound
				2. Props and Models
				3. Analyze This: A Speaker’s Use of Visual and Audio Aids
				4. Approach the Speaker’s Stand
		Recap and Review
		Key Terms
Part VI Informative Presentations
	Chapter 15 Speaking to Inform
		The Nature and Purpose of Informative Speaking
			Informative Speakers Avoid Information Overload and Underload
				Self-Assessment 15.1: Assessing the Effects of Information Overload
			Informative Speakers Make Information Relevant
			Informative Speakers Focus on Information, Not Persuasion
		Types of Informative Presentations
			Coaching Tip
			Speeches About Objects and Ideas or Theories
				Speaking About an Object
				Speaking About an Idea or Theory
				Organizational Frameworks for Speaking of Objects, Ideas, or Theories
			Speeches About Events or People
				Speaking of Events
				Speaking of People
				Organizational Frameworks for Speaking of Events and People
			Speeches About Processes, Procedures, and Demonstrations
				Frameworks for Speaking of Processes, Procedures, and Demonstrations
		How to Achieve Your Informative Speaking Goals
			Be Organized, Clear, and Accurate
				Make the Information Easy to Follow
				Minimize Jargon
				Use Concrete Language
				Be Accurate
			Convey the Right Amount of Information
				Pace Yourself; It’s Not a Race
				Don’t Take Knowledge for Granted
				Repeat, but Don’t Retreat
			Create Hunger for Information
				Capture and Sustain Attention
				Adapt to Your Audience
			Be Memorable
				Game Plan
		Exercises
			Informative Speaking
				1. Topic Frameworks
				2. Huh? (Unclear) Versus Aha! (Clear)
				3. Analyze the Speech: How American Women Got the Right to Vote
				How American Women Got the Right to Vote8
				List of Works Consulted
				4. Approach the Speaker’s Stand
		Recap and Review
		Key Terms
Part VII Speaking to Persuade
	Chapter 16 Prepare to Persuade
		We All Practice Persuasion
			Assess Attitudes
			Build on Beliefs
			Validate Values
			Integrate Attitudes, Beliefs, and Values
				Coaching Tip
		Seeking Change and Understanding Resistance
			Identify the Change You Seek
			Understand Resistance
				Self-Assessment 16.1: Assessing Reasons for Resisting Persuasion
		Propositions and Organizational Approaches
			Speak on a Question of Fact
				Organizing the Question of Fact Speech
			Speak on a Question of Value
				Organizing the Question of Value Speech
			Speak on a Question of Policy
				Organizing the Question of Policy Speech
			Understanding and Using Monroe’s Motivated Sequence
				Game Plan
		Exercises
			Persuasion Preparation
				1. Be a Fact, Value, and Policy Checker
				2. Incorporate Counterarguments Into Your Speech
				3. The Motivation Sequence
				4. Analyze the Speech: The Electoral College Should Have to Uphold the Popular Vote
				The Electoral College Should Have to Uphold the National Popular Vote
				List of Works Consulted
				5. Approach the Speaker’s Stand
		Recap and Review
		Key Terms
	Chapter 17 Methods of Persuasion
		Coaching Tip
		Building Ethos or Persuasive Credibility
			Focus on the Audience
			Establish Your Persuasive Credibility
				Think Small to Avoid a Big Fall
				Use the Desire for Consistency
				Don’t Put the Best in the Middle
			Self-Assessment 17.1: How Credible Are You?
		Use Logos or Sound Evidence and Reasoning
			Make Valid Inferences
			Apply the Toulmin Model to Argument Development
			Use Different Methods of Reasoning
				Use Deductive Reasoning
				Use Inductive Reasoning
				Use Causal Reasoning
				Use Reasoning From Analogy
		Arouse Pathos or Emotion While Practicing Ethical Persuasion
			The Role of Pathos
			Persuade Ethically
				Game Plan
		Exercises
			Mastering Methods
				1. Find the Fallacy
				2. The Hierarchy of Needs
				3. Persuade Me if You Can
				4. Analyze the Speech: When It Comes to Suicide, Let’s Talk, Not Stigmatize
				Works Consulted
				5. Approach the Speaker’s Stand
		Recap and Review
		Key Terms
Part VIII Specialized Speaking Contexts
	Chapter 18 Communicating and Presenting in Small Groups
		Groups at Work
			Preparing Together
			The Dynamics of a Group’s Development
				Forming
				Storming
				Norming
				Performing
				Adjourning
			Member Roles and Responsibilities
			Enacting Leadership
		Solving Problems Together
			Advantages of Group Problem-Solving
				Coaching Tip
			Disadvantages of Group Problem-Solving
				Self-Assessment 18.1: Decisions, Decisions
			Use a Systematic Problem-Solving Framework
			Brainstorm While Problem-Solving
				Coaching Tip
		Presenting and Assessing the Group’s Work
			The Virtual Group
				The Social Network Paradigm
				Benefits of Online Groups
				Drawbacks of Online Groups
			Coaching Tip
				Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Group Work
			The Oral Group Report
			The Round Table
			The Panel Discussion
			The Symposium
			The Forum Presentation
			Evaluating the Group’s Performance
				Game Plan
		Exercises
			Communicating and Presenting in a Group
				1. Getting to Know You
				2. Assessing Group Interaction in the Media
				3. Brainstorming Your Way to Consensus
				4. Analyze a Group Presentation
				5. Approach the Speaker’s Stand
		Recap and Review
		Key Terms
	Chapter 19 Special Occasion Speeches
		Goals and Functions of Special Occasion Speeches
			The Nature of Special Occasion Speeches
				Self-Assessment 19.1: Creating Speeches for Ceremonies
			Categorizing Ceremonial Speech
				Context and Content Matter
				It’s Likely Invitational
				The Speech Is Brief, Sincere, and Positive
				It’s Special
			Coaching Tip
		Speeches of Celebration
			Speech of Introduction
				Sample Speech of Introduction
			Speech of Presentation
				Your Responsibilities as a Presenter
				Sample Speech of Presentation
			Speech of Acceptance
				Your Responsibilities Giving an Acceptance Speech
				Sample Acceptance Speech
			The Toast
				Your Responsibilities When Delivering a Toast
				Sample Toast
			Coaching Tip
		Speeches of Inspiration
			The Commencement Speech
				Your Responsibilities as a Commencement Speaker
				Sample Commencement Speech
			The Keynote Speech
				Your Responsibilities as a Keynote Speaker
				Sample Keynote Speech
		Speeches to Entertain
			The Roast
			The After-Dinner Speech
				Your Responsibilities Delivering an After-Dinner Speech
				Sample After-Dinner Speech
		Speeches to Commemorate
			The Speech of Tribute
				Your Responsibilities Giving a Speech of Tribute
				Sample Speech of Tribute
			The Eulogy
				Your Responsibilities Delivering a Eulogy
				Sample Eulogy
			Game Plan
		Exercises
			Speaking on Special Occasions
				1. Family Introductions
				2. And the Award Goes to …
				3. Paying Tribute
				4. Approach the Speaker’s Stand: Let’s Toast
		Recap and Review
		Key Terms
	Chapter 20 Business and Professional Speaking
		First, Get the Job. Then, Keep It: How to Handle Job Interviews and Performance Reviews
			Research the Job and the Position: Submitting a Cover Letter and Résumé
				Prepare the Cover Letter
				Prepare Your Résumé
			Handle Common Concerns
				Self-Assessment 20.1: Thoughts About the Job Interview
			Plan the Conversation
				Coaching Tip
			Get to the Heart of the Questions
				What if the Interviewer Asks an Illegal Question?
			Be an Active Interview Participant
			Make a Positive Impression
			The Performance Review/Coaching Session
		Speaking in a Meeting
			Participating in the Meeting
			Leading the Meeting
		Pitching an Idea
		Delivering a Briefing or Report
		Running a Training Session
			Game Plan
		Exercises
			Speaking on the Job
				1. Research the Employer and Position You Want
				2. Practice Your Response
				3. Plan It
				4. Analyze the Pitch
				5. Approach the Speaker’s Stand
		Recap and Review
		Key Terms
	Chapter 21 Storytelling
		Coaching Tip
		Discover Your Inner Storyteller
			Self-Assessment 21.1: Your Inner Storyteller
			Find Your Voice
			Give Voice to Your Goals
			Use a Narrative to Frame Your Goals
				Coaching Tip
			Remember That Timing Matters
			Lead With Stories
		Use Language to Connect
			Develop Language Sensitivity
			Keep It Simple
			Strategize About Word Choices
			Use Word Pictures
		Engage the Audience
			Repeat/Repeat/Repeat
			Speak of “I” and “We”
			Generate Involvement and Participation
				Game Plan
		Exercises
			Storytelling
				1. Your Day
				2. Unifying Metaphors
				3. Analyze the Speech: What Separates Us From Chimpanzees
				4. Approach the Speaker’s Stand
		Recap and Review
		Key Terms
	Chapter 22 Presenting in Classes Beyond the Public Speaking Course
		Coaching Tip
		Presenting Across College Courses
			Self-Assessment 22.1: Presenting Across the Curriculum
			Communicate Your Ideas to Others
			Pay Attention to Context
			Apply Knowledge and Skills Gained
				Center on the Audience
				Be Confident, Capable, and Creative
				Be Organized
				Demonstrate Your Presentation Technique
		Subject-Oriented Speaking Assignments
			Review a Scholarly or Professional Article
			Deliver a Poster Presentation
			Report on a Service Learning or Internship Experience
		Debate or Advocate for Positions of Relevance to a Field
			Game Plan
		Exercises
			Speaking Across College Courses
				1. The List
				2. Student Observation
				3. Analyze the Speech
				4. Approach the Speaker’s Stand
		Recap and Review
		Key Terms
	Chapter 23 Presenting Online
		The Technological Difference
			Technology-Dependent Delivery
			Presentation Cues and Miscues for Online Speeches
				Self-Assessment 23.1: Virtual Presentations
		Formats for Online Presentations
			Choose a Synchronous or Asynchronous Format
			When It’s Just You
			When It’s You With Others
			When It’s an Interview
			When It’s a Digital Story
				Coaching Tip
		Online Presentation Platforms: Screens and Sound
			Video
			Podcast
			Webinar
			PowerPoint/Graphical Presentations
				Game Plan
		Exercises
			Presenting Online
				1. Know What You Need
				2. Know Your Options
				3. Analyze This
				4. Approach the Speaker’s Stand
		Recap and Review
		Key Terms
	Chapter 24 Answering Questions
		Coaching Tip
		The Purpose, Content, and Timing of the Q&A Session
			Self-Assessment 24.1: Q&A
			Before Presenting
			While Presenting
			After Presenting
		Master Content to Manage the Q&A
			Anticipate Questions—Especially Hard Ones
			Understand Every Question Asked
			Don’t Pontificate
		Master Delivery to Manage the Q&A
			Give Audience Members the Green Light
			Stay on Course
			Think Through Your Answer
			Keep Defensiveness at Bay
			Address Answers to Both the Questioner and the Audience
			Gracefully Bring the Q&A Session to a Close
				Game Plan
		Exercises
			The Question-and-Answer Session
				1. Vital Questions
				2. Anticipate and Prepare
				3. Analyze the Speech: The Interview
				4. Approach the Speaker’s Stand
		Recap and Review
		Key Terms
Glossary
Notes
Index