The Properties of Gases and Liquids

Cover Page......Page 1
Title Page......Page 2
ISBN 0070116822......Page 3
Contents (with page links)......Page 5
Preface......Page 9
1-1 Introduction......Page 13
1-3 Types of Estimation......Page 15
1-4 Organization of the Book......Page 18
2-1 Scope......Page 23
2-2 Vapor-Liquid Critical Properties......Page 24
2-3 Acentric Factor......Page 45
2-4 Boiling and Freezing Points......Page 48
2-5 Discussion of Estimation Methods for Pure Component Constants......Page 55
2-6 Dipole Moments......Page 56
2-7 Availability of Data and Computer Software......Page 57
3-1 Scope and Definitions......Page 61
3-2 Estimation Methods......Page 65
3-3 Method of Joback......Page 66
3-4 Method of Constantinou and Gani (CG)......Page 68
3-5 Method of Benson [1968; 1969]......Page 74
3-6 Discussion and Recommendations......Page 106
3-7 Heat of Combustion......Page 107
4-2 Introduction to Volumetric Properties......Page 111
4-3 Corresponding States Principle......Page 115
4-4 Equations of State......Page 118
4-5 Virial Equation of State......Page 121
4-6 Analytical Equations of State......Page 127
4-7 Nonanalytic Equations of State......Page 135
4-8 Discussion of Equations of State......Page 141
4-9 PVT Properties of Liquids—General Considerations......Page 142
4-10 Estimation of the Liquid Molar Volume at the Normal Boiling Point......Page 143
4-11 Saturated Liquid Densities as a Function of Temperature......Page 145
4-12 Compressed Liquid Densities......Page 153
5-1 Scope......Page 163
5-2 Mixture Properties—General Discussion......Page 164
5-3 Corresponding States Principle (CSP): The Pseudocritical Method......Page 167
5-4 Virial Equations of State for Mixtures......Page 170
5-5 Analytical Equations of State for Mixtures......Page 174
5-6 Nonanalytic Equations of State for Mixtures......Page 180
5-7 Discussion of Mixture Equations of State......Page 184
5-8 Densities of Liquid Mixtures at Their Bubble Point......Page 185
5-9 Densities of Compressed Liquid Mixtures......Page 188
6-2 Fundamental Thermodynamic Relationships for Pure Components......Page 195
6-3 Departure Functions for Thermodynamic Properties......Page 198
6-4 Evaluation of Departure Functions for Equations of State......Page 200
6-5 Heat Capacities of Real Gases......Page 210
6-6 Heat Capacities of Liquids......Page 211
6-7 Partial Properties and Fugacities of Components in Mixtures......Page 220
6-8 True Critical Points of Mixtures......Page 224
7-2 Theory......Page 229
7-3 Correlation and Extrapolation of Vapor-Pressure Data......Page 231
7-4 Ambrose-Walton Corresponding-States Method......Page 235
7-5 Riedel Corresponding-States Method......Page 237
7-6 Discussion and Recommendations for Vapor-Pressure Estimation and Correlation......Page 239
7-7 Enthalpy of Vaporization of Pure Compounds......Page 241
7-8 Estimation of ΔH[sub(v)] from Vapor-Pressure Equations......Page 242
7-9 Estimation of ΔH[sub(v)] from the Law of Corresponding States......Page 244
7-10 ΔH[sub(v)] at the Normal Boiling Point......Page 247
7-11 Variation of ΔH[sub(v)] with Temperature......Page 251
7-12 Discussion and Recommendations for Enthalpy of Vaporization......Page 252
7-13 Enthalpy of Fusion......Page 253
7-14 Enthalpy of Sublimation; Vapor Pressures of Solids......Page 256
8-1 Scope......Page 263
8-2 Thermodynamics of Vapor-Liquid Equilibria......Page 271
8-3 Fugacity of a Pure Liquid......Page 273
8-5 Activity Coefficients; Gibbs-Duham Equation and Excess Gibbs Energy......Page 274
8-6 Calculation of Low-Pressure Binary Vapor-Liquid Equilibria with Activity Coefficients......Page 281
8-7 Effect of Temperature on Low-Pressure Vapor-Liquid Equilibria......Page 284
8-8 Binary Vapor-Liquid Equilibria: Low-Pressure Examples......Page 285
8-9 Multicomponent Vapor-Liquid Equilibria at Low Pressure......Page 294
8-10 Determination of Activity Coeffcients......Page 304
8-11 Phase Equilibrium with Henry\'s Law......Page 373
8-12 Vapor-Liquid Equilibria with Equations of State......Page 382
8-13 Solubilities of Solids in High-Pressure Gases......Page 420
8-14 Liquid-Liquid Equilibria......Page 421
8-15 Phase Equilibria in Polymer Solutions......Page 439
8-16 Solubilities of Solids in Liquids......Page 442
8-17 Aqueous Solutions of Electrolytes......Page 453
8-18 Concluding Remarks......Page 455
9-2 Definitions of Units of Viscosity......Page 467
9-3 Theory of Gas Transport Properties......Page 468
9-4 Estimation of Low-Pressure Gas Viscosity......Page 470
9-5 Viscosities of Gas Mixtures at Low Pressures......Page 481
9-6 Effect of Pressure on the Viscosity of Pure Gases......Page 495
9-7 Viscosity of Gas Mixtures at High Pressures......Page 513
9-8 Liquid Viscosity......Page 517
9-9 Effect of High Pressure on Liquid Viscosity......Page 521
9-10 Effect of Temperature on Liquid Viscosity......Page 522
9-11 Estimation of Low-Temperature Liquid Viscosity......Page 525
9-12 Estimation of Liquid Viscosity at High Temperatures......Page 541
9-13 Liquid Mixture Viscosity......Page 543
10-2 Theory of Thermal Conductivity......Page 565
10-3 Thermal Conductivities of Polyatomic Gases......Page 566
10-5 Effect of Pressure on the Thermal Conductivities of Gases......Page 582
10-6 Thermal Conductivities of Low-Pressure Gas Mixtures......Page 593
10-7 Thermal Conductivities of Gas Mixtures at High Pressures......Page 599
10-8 Thermal Conductivities of Liquids......Page 606
10-9 Estimation of the Thermal Conductivities of Pure Liquids......Page 608
10-10 Effect of Temperature on the Thermal Conductivities of Liquids......Page 615
10-11 Effect of Pressure on the Thermal Conductivities of Liquids......Page 616
10-12 Thermal Conductivities of Liquid Mixtures......Page 620
11-2 Basic Concepts and Definitions......Page 635
11-3 Diffusion Coefficients for Binary Gas Systems at Low Pressures: Prediction from Theory......Page 639
11-4 Diffusion Coefficients for Binary Gas Systems at Low Pressures: Empirical Correlations......Page 643
11-5 The Effect of Pressure on the Binary Diffusion Coefficients of Gases......Page 646
11-7 Diffusion in Multicomponent Gas Mixtures......Page 653
11-8 Diffusion in Liquids: Theory......Page 654
11-9 Estimation of Binary Liquid Diffusion Coefficients at Infinite Dilution......Page 655
11-10 Concentration Dependence of Binary Liquid Diffusion Coefficients......Page 667
11-11 The Effects of Temperature and Pressure on Diffusion in Liquids......Page 672
11-12 Diffusion in Multicomponent Liquid Mixtures......Page 675
11-13 Diffusion in Electrolyte Solutions......Page 677
12-2 Introduction......Page 691
12-3 Estimation of Pure-Liquid Surface Tension......Page 692
12-4 Variation of Pure-Liquid Surface Tension with Temperature......Page 701
12-5 Surface Tensions of Mixtures......Page 702
Appendix A: Property Data Bank......Page 719
Appendix B: Lennard-Jones Potentials as Determined from Viscosity Data......Page 779
Appendix C: Group Contributions for Multiproperty Methods......Page 781
C......Page 793
D......Page 794
E......Page 795
G......Page 796
L......Page 797
R......Page 798
T......Page 799
V......Page 800
W......Page 801
ABOUT THE AUTHORS......Page 803