The Principles and Practice of International Commercial Arbitration

Cover......Page 1
Half-title......Page 3
Title......Page 5
Copyright......Page 6
Contents......Page 7
Foreword......Page 15
Preface......Page 19
A. Purpose......Page 21
3. A Final and Binding Award......Page 22
C. Advantages of Arbitration......Page 23
D. Disadvantages of Arbitration......Page 24
E. The Regulatory Framework......Page 25
F. Institutional Arbitration v. Ad Hoc Arbitration......Page 29
1. The International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) International Court of Arbitration......Page 30
3. The London Court of International Arbitration (LCIA)......Page 31
1. ICSID Arbitrations......Page 32
1. Mediation......Page 33
4. Expert Determination......Page 34
J. Conclusion......Page 35
1. Arbitration Clauses and Submission Agreements......Page 37
B Validity......Page 38
1. The Writing Requirement......Page 40
a. Recommended Interpretation of Articles II and VII......Page 43
b Amendment to Article 7 of UNCITRAL Model Law......Page 44
c U.N. Convention on Use of Electronic Communications......Page 47
e Effect of the More Favorable Right Provision......Page 48
2. A Defined Legal Relationship......Page 50
4. Null and Void, Inoperable or Incapable of Being Performed......Page 51
c. Incapable of Being Performed......Page 52
C. Binding Nonsignatories......Page 53
1. Group of Companies......Page 54
2. Equitable Estoppel......Page 55
3.Veil Piercing/Alter Ego......Page 56
CHAPTER THREE 3 Drafting the Arbitration Agreement......Page 59
A. Essential Requirements......Page 60
1. Choice of Arbitrators......Page 62
3. Language of the Arbitration......Page 63
1. International Bar Association Rules on Taking Evidence......Page 64
2. Preliminary Relief......Page 65
4. Multistep Dispute Resolution Clauses......Page 66
5. Dispositive Motions......Page 67
6. Legal Fees and Costs......Page 68
7. Confidentiality......Page 69
8. Expanded Judicial Review......Page 70
9. Waiver of State Immunity......Page 71
10. Multiparty Agreements......Page 72
C. Conclusion......Page 73
A. Importance of the Law......Page 75
1. Arguments Favoring Delocalization......Page 76
3. Some Modern Approaches to Delocalization......Page 77
b. Online Arbitrations......Page 78
1. Definition of the Lex Mercatoria......Page 80
a. Contracts between States......Page 82
D. THE PARTIES’ CHOICE OF LAW......Page 83
1 The Law Governing the Arbitral Proceedings......Page 84
3 The Law Governing the Arbitration Agreement......Page 85
4 The Law Governing Arbitrability......Page 88
a. National or International Law......Page 89
c. Unrelated National Law......Page 90
d. Depecage......Page 92
e. Renvoi......Page 93
f. Ex Aequo et Bono and Amiable Compositeur......Page 94
1. Failure to Choose a Seat......Page 95
3. Conflicts of Laws......Page 96
5. Voie Directe......Page 97
1. Law or Equity......Page 98
2. Duty to Render an Enforceable Award......Page 99
b. Mandatory Law......Page 100
c. Mandatory Law and Public Policy......Page 101
CHAPTER FIVE Judicial Assistance for Arbitration......Page 104
1. Extent of Judicial Review......Page 105
2. Competence-Competence......Page 108
B. ANTI-SUIT INJUNCTIONS......Page 112
1. Anti-Suit Injunctions in the United States......Page 113
2. Anti-Suit Injunctions in Europe......Page 117
1. Kinds of Interim Measures......Page 120
2. Tribunal or Court – Where to Go for Interim Relief......Page 122
3. Basis for Interim Measures......Page 125
4. Enforcement of Interim Measures......Page 126
1. Procedural Orders......Page 127
2. National Laws Concerning Court Assistance......Page 128
3. Summons Issued by U.S. Arbitrators......Page 129
4. Tribunal in the United States Seeking Evidence Outside the United States......Page 132
5. Court Assistance in the United States to Foreign Tribunals......Page 133
A. Appointment of Arbitrators......Page 136
a. Knowledge and Experience......Page 137
c. Professors as Arbitrators......Page 138
e. Availability......Page 139
3. Method of Selection......Page 140
i. The Rules.......Page 141
(1) Choosing the Party-Appointed Arbitrators (Coarbitrators)......Page 142
(2) Choosing the Presiding Arbitrator (The Chair of the Tribunal)......Page 144
c. Ad Hoc Arbitration......Page 147
4. Interviewing Prospective Arbitrators......Page 148
1    Independence and Impartiality......Page 150
a The     IBA  Guidelines on Conflicts of Interest......Page 151
b    The 1987  IBA  Rules of Ethics for Arbitrators......Page 156
c. American Arbitration Association–American Bar Association Code of
Ethics for Arbitrators in Commercial Disputes......Page 157
2    Other Obligations......Page 158
C. Challenges to the Arbitrator......Page 160
D. Flawed Conduct of Arbitrators......Page 165
E. Replacement of Arbitrators......Page 166
F. Arbitrator Immunity......Page 167
G. Costs and Fees......Page 168
CHAPTER SEVEN The Arbitral Proceedings......Page 170
A. Beginning the Arbitration......Page 171
B. Preliminary Matters......Page 173
C. Written Submissions......Page 179
2. Scheduling the Hearings......Page 180
4. Language of the Hearing......Page 181
8. Technology......Page 182
10. Default of Appearance......Page 183
E. Presenting Evidence......Page 184
2. Burden of Proof......Page 185
b. Authentication......Page 187
c. Document Requests......Page 188
d. Arbitrator Discretion......Page 189
b. Witness Statements......Page 190
d. Meeting with Witnesses......Page 191
e. Examining Witnesses......Page 192
f. Arbitrator Intervention......Page 194
5. Expert Witnesses......Page 195
F. POST-HEARING PROCEEDINGS......Page 198
A. DIFFERENCE IN “ORDERS” AND “AWARDS”......Page 199
1. Final Award......Page 200
2. Partial and Interim Awards......Page 201
4. Default Award......Page 203
2. Communication......Page 204
5. Scrutiny of the Draft Award......Page 205
2. Interest......Page 206
4. Costs......Page 207
E. Res Judicata  Effect of the Award......Page 208
F. Confidentiality of the Award......Page 209
G. POST-AWARD PROCEEDINGS......Page 211
A. Methods of Challenge......Page 213
B. Grounds of Challenge......Page 214
2. Procedural Challenges......Page 215
3. Challenges Based on the Merits......Page 216
D. Effects of a Successful Challenge......Page 219
A. Application of International Conventions......Page 222
B. Principles Governing Recognition and Enforcement......Page 223
1. Scope......Page 224
2. Jurisdiction and Forum Non Conveniens......Page 225
3 Procedures for Enforcement......Page 227
1. Incapacity and Invalidity......Page 228
3. Arbitrator Acting in Excess of Authority......Page 231
a. A Binding Award......Page 232
b. Effect of a Vacated Award......Page 233
f. Enforcement of Vacated Awards......Page 234
a. Subject Matter not Arbitrable......Page 236
b. Public Policy......Page 238
A. Growth of Foreign Investment and Investment Arbitration......Page 240
a. Background......Page 241
b. ICSID Jurisdictional Requirements......Page 242
c. Special Features of ICSID Arbitrations......Page 245
d. Additional Facility Rules......Page 248
b. Substantive Rights......Page 249
3. Multilateral Investment Treaties......Page 251
4. Investor Protection Legislation......Page 252
1. The Source of the Right......Page 253
2. Umbrella Clauses......Page 254
3. Distinguishing Contract and Treaty Claims......Page 256
4. Coordinating Contracts with Treaties......Page 259
Article II......Page 261
Article V......Page 262
Article VII......Page 263
Article XI......Page 264
Article XIV......Page 265
Article XVI......Page 266
Article 1 – Scope of application......Page 267
Article 4 – Waiver of right to object......Page 268
Article 8 – Arbitration agreement and substantive claim before court......Page 269
Article 11 – Appointment of arbitrators......Page 270
Article 14 – Failure or impossibility to act......Page 271
Article 16 – Competence of arbitral tribunal to rule on its jurisdiction......Page 272
Article 22 – Language......Page 273
Article 25 – Default of a party......Page 274
Article 28 – Rules applicable to substance of dispute......Page 275
Article 32 – Termination of proceedings......Page 276
Article 34 – Application for setting aside as exclusive recourse against arbitral award......Page 277
Article 35 – Recognition and enforcement......Page 278
Article 36 – Grounds for refusing recognition or enforcement......Page 279
Article 7. Definition and form of arbitration agreement......Page 281
Section 1. Interim measures......Page 282
Section 2. Preliminary orders......Page 283
Section 3. Provisions applicable to interim measures and preliminary orders......Page 284
Section 4. Recognition and enforcement of interim measures......Page 285
Section 5. Court-ordered interim measures......Page 286
Appendix D Annex II: UNCITRAL Recommendation Regarding the Interpretation of Article II, Paragraph 2 and Article VII, Paragraph 1, of the New York Convention......Page 287
FOREWORD......Page 290
Article 1 Definitions......Page 291
Article 2 Scope of Application......Page 292
Article 3 Documents......Page 293
Article 4 Witnesses of Fact......Page 295
Article 5 Party-Appointed Experts......Page 296
Article 6 Tribunal-Appointed Experts......Page 297
Article 8 Evidentiary Hearing......Page 298
Article 9 Admissibility and Assessment of Evidence......Page 299
INTRODUCTORY NOTE......Page 301
Article 3 Elements of Bias......Page 302
Article 4 Duty of Disclosure......Page 303
Article 5 Communications with Parties......Page 304
Article 9 Confidentiality of the Deliberations......Page 305
INTRODUCTION......Page 307
2. Conflicts of Interest......Page 310
Explanation to General Standard 2......Page 311
Explanation to General Standard 3......Page 312
4. Waiver by the Parties......Page 314
Explanation to General Standard 5......Page 315
Explanation to General Standard 6......Page 316
PART II. PRACTICAL APPLICATION OF THE GENERAL STANDARDS......Page 317
2. Waivable Red List......Page 320
3. Orange List......Page 321
4. Green List......Page 324
PREAMBLE......Page 326
NOTE ON NEUTRALITY......Page 327
CANON I: AN ARBITRATOR SHOULD UPHOLD THE INTEGRITY AND FAIRNESS OF THE ARBITRATION PROCESS......Page 328
CANON II: AN ARBITRATOR SHOULD DISCLOSE ANY INTEREST OR RELATIONSHIP LIKELY TO AFFECT IMPARTIALITY OR WHICH MIGHT CREATE AN APPEARANCE OF PARTIALITY......Page 330
CANON III: AN ARBITRATOR SHOULD AVOID IMPROPRIETY OR THE APPEARANCE OF IMPROPRIETY IN COMMUNICATING WITH PARTIES......Page 332
CANON IV: AN ARBITRATOR SHOULD CONDUCT THE PROCEEDINGS FAIRLY AND DILIGENTLY......Page 333
CANON VI: AN ARBITRATOR SHOULD BE FAITHFUL TO THE RELATIONSHIP OF TRUST AND CONFIDENTIALITY INHERENT IN THAT OFFICE......Page 334
CANON VII: AN ARBITRATOR SHOULD ADHERE TO STANDARDS OF INTEGRITY AND FAIRNESS WHEN MAKING ARRANGEMENTS FOR COMPENSATION AND REIMBURSEMENT OF EXPENSES......Page 335
CANON IX: ARBITRATORS APPOINTED BY ONE PARTY HAVE A DUTY TO DETERMINE AND DISCLOSE THEIR STATUS AND TO COMPLY WITH THIS CODE, EXCEPT AS EXEMPTED BY CANON X......Page 336
Existing disputes......Page 340
SCC (Arbitration Institute of the Stockholm Chamber of Commerce)......Page 341
CIETAC (China International Economic and Trade Arbitration Commission)......Page 342
Appendix J Useful Arbitration Websites......Page 343
Index......Page 351