The politics of prisoner abuse: the United States and enemy prisoners after 9/11

Half-title......Page 3
Title......Page 5
Copyright......Page 6
Dedication......Page 7
Contents......Page 9
Preface......Page 11
Abbreviations and acronyms......Page 16
1 Torture and political morality in historical perspective......Page 19
Political morality: two-and-a-half views......Page 20
Human rights as trumps......Page 21
National security as trumps......Page 24
Splitting the difference......Page 27
Political morality applied: the Second World War......Page 29
Political morality changes: the Cold War......Page 32
Conclusion......Page 40
The book......Page 42
2 Political morality and the Bush Administration......Page 46
Foreign policy orientations......Page 47
Realism......Page 49
Neo-cons......Page 50
Liberalism......Page 52
Constructivism......Page 53
General overview......Page 55
The President and Vice President......Page 56
The Secretary of Defense and the head of the CIA......Page 70
Conclusion......Page 75
3 Bush lawyers: the politics of legal interpretation......Page 78
Early indications, Fall 2001 to Spring 2002......Page 81
Four decisions early on......Page 82
Torture......Page 83
“Geneva” and fighters......Page 85
“Geneva” and terrorists......Page 91
“Geneva” and Guantánamo......Page 93
The policy making process early on......Page 94
Spring 2002 to December 2002......Page 99
Focus on the CIA......Page 100
Focus on the military......Page 102
Push back and confusion on the military side......Page 104
Looking ahead......Page 106
Congressional deference until 2005......Page 107
Conclusion......Page 110
4 The military: Afghanistan, Guantánamo, Iraq......Page 113
Afghanistan......Page 114
Guantánamo......Page 121
Iraq......Page 138
Conclusion......Page 152
5 The CIA: kidnapping, Black Sites, extraordinary rendition......Page 154
Kidnapping......Page 155
CIA Black Sites......Page 160
Renditions abroad......Page 175
Conclusion......Page 177
6 Due process: detention classification, Military Commissions......Page 180
Lawfare and the Red Cross......Page 182
Debates about detention classification......Page 186
Debates about Military Commissions......Page 197
Conclusion......Page 206
7 Prisoner abuse and the politics of transitional justice......Page 210
Transitional justice: a thumbnail sketch......Page 211
Obama: ban major abuse, avoid transitional justice......Page 217
Cheney: defend going to the “dark side,” no transitional justice......Page 226
Splitting the difference: prosecution and reduced sentence......Page 233
A larger perspective: national and cosmopolitan views......Page 236
Final thoughts......Page 242
ANNEX A Cast of principal characters......Page 249
1 US reports on prisoner abuse after 9/11......Page 253
2 NGO reports......Page 259
3 Other reports: ICRC and UN reports, July 16, 2010......Page 275
1 Common Article 3, 1949 Geneva Conventions, 12 August (War Victims)......Page 278
2 1949 Geneva Convention III (POW Convention)......Page 279
3 1949 Geneva Convention IV (Civilian Convention)......Page 282
4 Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and Relating to the Protection of Victims of International Armed Conflicts (Protocol I), 8 June 1977......Page 283
5 Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and Relating to the Protection of Victims of Non-International Armed Conflicts (Protocol II), 8 June 1977......Page 286
6 1984 Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman, or Degrading Treatment or Punishment......Page 291
7 1966 International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, GA res. 2200A (XXI), 21 UN GAOR Supp. (No. 16) at 52, UN Doc. A/6316 (1966), 999 UNTS 171, entered into force March 23, 1976......Page 294
8 2006 International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance......Page 296
9 ICRC Statement, Fundamental Guarantees of International Humanitarian Law Found in Customary International Law......Page 298
10 1996 US War Crimes Act, as amended by the relevant parts of the Military Commissions Act (2006) 18 USC 2441, and 18 USC 2340: Selected articles......Page 303
2001......Page 309
2002......Page 310
2003......Page 312
2004......Page 313
2006......Page 314
2008......Page 315
2009......Page 316
Index......Page 317