The Opioid Epidemic: Medical, Nursing and Counseling Behavioral Treatment

Contents
Preface
Chapter 1
The Opioid Epidemic/SUD:  Facts, Figures and Assessment Tools
	Abstract
		SBIRT (Screening Brief Intervention Referral to Treatment)
			Case Example
			Tools
	Screening for Alcohol Problems
	At-Risk Drinking
	A. WHO - ASSIST V3.0
	B. Who Assist V3.0 Response Card for Patients
	C. Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (Who Assist V3.0) Feedback Report Card For Patients
	D. WHO Risks of Injecting Card –  Information for clients
	E. Translation and Adaptation to Local Languages and Culture: A Resource for Clinicians and Researchers
	CAGE Questionnaire
		Scoring
	Clinical Opiate Withdrawal Scale (COWS)
		Flow-Sheet for Measuring Symptoms for Opiate Withdrawals over a Period of Time
		CRAFFT
	Objective Opioid Withdrawal Scale (OOWS)
	References
Chapter 2
The Neurobiology of Opioid  Drug Addiction
	Abstract
	Case Study
	Introduction and Overview
	The Physiology of Addiction
	Biologic Models of Addiction
	Tolerance and Reverse Tolerance
	Case Study Revisited
	References
Chapter 3
Pharmacologic Concepts  in Opioid Addiction Treatment Through the Continuum
	Abstract
	Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics
	Case Study – Part 1
	Treatment of Opioid Overdose
	Case Study – Part 2
	Withdrawal Management from Opioid Drugs
	A Short History of the Detoxification Process
	Case Study – Part 3
	The Protracted Abstinence Syndrome
	Case Study – Part 4
	Medication Assisted Treatment
	Medications Used in Maintenance Treatment  of Opioid Use Disorder
		Naltrexone
		Methadone
		Buprenorphine
	Case Study – Epilogue
	References
Chapter 4
Maternal Substance Use: Systemically Understanding Treatment and Recovery
	Abstract
	Introduction
	Key Concepts in Maternal Substance Use
		Prevalence and Correlates of Maternal Substance Use
		Considering the Family Unit
		Treatment Barriers for Maternal SUD
		Cultural and Social Justice Considerations
			Gender
			Race and Ethnicity
			Considering Intersectionality
	Best Practices for Assessing and Treating Maternal Substance Use
		Screening and Assessment
			AUDIT
			ASSIST
			CAGE and CAGE-AID
			Toxicology Testing
		Evidence-Based Practices
			Family-Centered Treatment
			Trauma-Informed Care
			Parenting Education & SUDs
				Family Spirit Model (Center for American Indian Health at the Bloomberg School of Public Health at Johns Hopkins University)
				Celebrating Families! (National Association for Children of Addiction, 2007)
			Trauma & SUDs
				Helping Women Recover: A Program for Treatment Addiction, Special Criminal Justice Edition (HWR) (Covington, 2000)
				Seeking Safety (Najavits, Weiss, Shaw, & Muenz, 1998)
			Opioid Use Disorders
		Limitations of Current Treatment Models for Maternal Substance Use
	Case Example: Mary
		Treatment Considerations for Mary
	Future Directions
	Conclusion
	References
Chapter 5
Opiate/Heroin Use in Pregnancy
	Abstract
	Introduction/Overview
	Assessment
	Medication Assisted Treatment
	Post Induction/Maintenance Pregnancy Care
	Neonatal Opioid Withdrawal Syndrome  and Neonatal Outcomes
	Conclusion and Clinical Pearls
	Best Practice Pearls
	References
Chapter 6
Complementary and Integrative Therapies for the Treatment  of Opioid Abuse Disorder
	Abstract
	Foundational Concepts in Complementary  and Integrative Health
	Mindfulness Meditation
		Mindfulness Based Relapse Prevention (MBRP)
		Meditation Oriented Recovery Enhancement (MORE)
	Acupuncture
		Auricular Acupuncture
	Neurofeedback
		Alpha-Theta Protocol
		Low Energy Neurofeedback System (LENS)
	Emotional Freedom Technique (EFT)
	Yoga
		Trauma Sensitive Yoga and Trauma Informed Yoga
		Integrative Restorative Yoga (iRest)
	Spirituality
	Future Implications and Considerations
	Conclusion
	References
Chapter 7
Adolescent Substance Use
	Abstract
	Adolescent Substance Use Disorder
		Overview of Trends
		Trajectories
		Risk and Protective Factors
	Treating Adolescent Substance Use Disorder
		Access to Care
		Assessment
		Treatment
			Therapeutic Approaches
			Community-Oriented Programs
			Pharmacotherapy
		Contextualizing Treatment
	Conclusion
		Discussion Questions
	Scenarios
		Questions for the Scenarios
	Screening Tools
		CRAFT
		CAGE-AID
	Assessments
	References
Chapter 8
Couple and Family Therapy Best Practices in Substance Use Disorders
	Abstract
	Introduction
		Collaborative Care and Opioid Use Disorder
		Why Collaborate?
		Requiring versus Recommending
		Myths and Realities of Collaboration
	The Impact of Substance Use Disorder on Families
		Carl’s Story
		Key Issues Related to Treatment
			Substance Use Disorder Systemic Metaframework for Assessment  and Intervention
		Culturally Informed Approach
			Trauma Informed Approach
		The Community Reinforcement and Family Training  Approach (CRAFT)
	Family Systems Perspective
		Family Life Cycle
		Genograms
			Sample Questions for a SUD Focused Genograms are
	Family Based Treatment Approaches
		Functional Family Therapy
		Multidimensional Family Therapy
		Brief Strategic Family Therapy
	Couple Therapy and SUD
		The Russo’s Story
		SUD Couple Therapy Approaches
	Self of the Health Professional
	Conclusion
	References
		Suggested Readings
		Resources
Chapter 9
Understanding the Intersection between Trauma and Substance Use: Treatment Recommendations
	Abstract
	Trauma
	Trauma and Substance Use
		Trauma Informed Care Approach
			Assessment
			Treatment
	Key Issues for Clinicians
	Cultural and Social Justice Considerations
		Case Example
	References
Chapter 10
Drug Treatment Courts
	Abstract
	Introduction
	Definition of Drug Treatment Courts
	Origin of Drug Treatment Courts
	Structure and Functioning of Drug  Treatment Courts
	Program Design and Implementation
	Key Components
	Episode of Care and Phases
	Best Practices
	Trauma Informed Care
	Effectiveness of Drug Courts
	Initiation of Drug Treatment Courts
	Discussion Questions
	References
Conclusion
Editor Contact Information
Index
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