The Mongols and the Armenians (1220–1335)

The Mongols and the Armenians (1220-1335)
Copyright
Dedication
Contents
List of Acronyms
Note on Transliterations
Note on Translations
Note on Bibliography
List of Maps
Introduction
	Previous Scholarship
	Primary Sources
Chapter One A Brief Historical Background of the
Armenians and Mongols
	The Armenians in Greater Armenia
	The Armenians in Cilician Armenia
	The Mongols
Chapter Two Mongol Noyans in Greater Armenia (1220–1245) 43 The first Mongols in the lands of the Armenians
	The advance of Chormaghan on Greater Armenia
(1222–1242)
	The Mongol noyans in the land of the Armenians
	The final Mongol conquest of Armenia by Baiju and its impact on the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia (1242–1245)
	Factors that impacted the Mongol conquest of Armenia
Chapter Three Strategic Submissions by the Armenians
	Individual submissions and contacts of Greater Armenian princes with the Mongol Khans and Il-Khans
	State submission and its development: The Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia
	Conflicts of local interests in Greater Armenia in the 1240s–1270s
	Other factors influencing Mongol-Armenian relations
Chapter Four Mongol Administration in Greater Armenia (1243–1275)
	Darughachis in Greater Armenia
	Mongol census-taking in Greater Armenia
	Tributes and Taxes
Chapter Five Mongol-Armenian Military Cooperation: Stage I: The Conquest of the Middle East (1258–1260)
	Hűlegű (r. 1256–1265) and the Greater Armenian forces against the Muslim supremacies
	The Mongol penetration into Upper Mesopotamia
	The implementation of a Cilician Armenian dream
Chapter Six The Il-Khans’ Wars and Mongol-Cilician Armenian Collaboration: Stage II (1260–1265)
	Joint ventures of Hűlegű and Het‘um I in Syria
	The participation of the Armenians in the Il-Khanid war against the Golden Horde
Chapter Seven Mongol-Armenian Cooperation: Stage III (1265–1295)
	The strongest pairing of Abaqa and Het‘um I against
Baybars
	Greater Armenia and the struggle with the Golden Horde
	Lewon III and Abaqa against Baybars
	The Mongols’ appeal to Latin Christendom
	Mongol-Armenian relations in the time of Tegűder Ahmad (r. 1282–1284)
	The second pairing of Arghun and King Lewon III against Sultan Qalāwūn
	The weakest link: Het‘um II and the Mongol Il-Khans: Geikhatu (r. 1291–1295) and Baidu (1295)
Chapter Eight The End of Mongol-Armenian Relations (1295–1335)
	The last chance to save the alliance: Het‘um II and the Il-Khan Ghazan (r. 1295–1304)
	The vanquished Armenian hope: Őljeitű (r. 1304–1316) and his Armenian counterparts
	The aftermath of cooperation: Lewon V (r. 1320–1341/1342) and Abū Sa\'īd (r. 1316–1335)
Conclusion
Dynastic Tables
Glossary
Bibliography
	Primary Sources
	Secondary Literature
Index