The Impact of Tourist Activities on Low-Density Territories: Evaluation Frameworks, Lessons, and Policy Recommendations (Tourism, Hospitality & Event Management)

Preface
Contents
A New Methodology for Low-density Definition and Its Effect on Tourism Development Analysis: The Case of Portugal
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
		2.1 Low-density Spatial Outline
		2.2 Tourism in Peripheral and Low-density Rural Areas
	3 Methodology
		3.1 Research Setting
		3.2 Research Data and Methods
			3.2.1 LDI and Spatial Outline
			3.2.2 Bivariate Regression Models
	4 Results and Discussion
		4.1 LDI Index and Spatial Outline
		4.2 Level of Influence of the LDI on Each Tourism Indicator in 2018 and the Respective Percentage Change for the Period of 201...
	5 Conclusion
	References
Assessing the Impact of Tourist Activities on Low-Density Territories: The Case of the Historical Villages of Portugal
	1 Introduction
	2 Low-Density Territories, Sustainable Tourism, and Indicators
		2.1 Low-Density Territories and Sustainable Tourism
		2.2 Indicators to Monitor the Impact of Tourist Activities
	3 A Framework to Analyze the Impact of Tourism on Low-Density Territories
		3.1 Methodology
		3.2 The Framework
			3.2.1 Characterization Dimensions
			3.2.2 Aggregation Dimensions
	4 Indicators for a Sustainable Tourism
		4.1 Methodology
		4.2 The Indicators
	5 Final Considerations
	Annexes
	References
Information Systems and Technologies as Promoters of the Low-Density Territories Sustainability
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
		2.1 Technological Impact on Tourism
		2.2 Mobile Applications
		2.3 Digital Platforms
	3 Methodology
	4 Conceptualization, Prototyping and Deployment of the Digital Platform
		4.1 Architecture and Requirements
		4.2 Users
		4.3 Database
		4.4 Deployment of the Digital Platform
	5 Final Considerations
	References
Releasing Cultural Tourism Potential of Less-privileged Island Communities in the Mediterranean: An ICT-enabled, Strategic, an...
	1 Introduction
	2 Insularity and Cultural Tourism Potential in Remote and Less-privileged Mediterranean Islands
	3 The Methodological Framework
		3.1 Key Concerns Relevant to Cultural Heritage Planning Endeavors
		3.2 Building up a Strategic ICT-enabled Participatory Framework for Planning Cultural Tourism
	4 The Leros Island Region
		4.1 Setting the Scenery: The Leros Case Study
		4.2 Implementation of the Proposed Framework and Results
			4.2.1 Vision, Goal, and Objectives
			4.2.2 Exploring the External and Internal Environment
			4.2.3 Visioning Alternative Future Trails
			4.2.4 Scenario A´: ``Leros: From a `Soul-House´ to a Place of Multiple-Opportunities´´
			4.2.5 Scenario B′: ``Leros: An `Open Museum´ of the European Cultural Heritage and Identity´´
			4.2.6 Building Consensus: Community Engagement
			4.2.7 Reaching the Vision
	5 Conclusions
	References
Sustainable Tourism, Young Entrepreneurship, and Social Innovation in Peripheral Rural Areas: Case Studies from Southern Italy
	1 Theoretical Framework
	2 Methodology
		2.1 The Cases
			2.1.1 Castelmezzano and the ``Volo dell´Angelo´´
			2.1.2 Civita: An Arbëreshë Town in Pollino National Park
	3 Thematic Findings
		3.1 Who Are the Actors of Tourism Development in these Two Cases?
		3.2 What Makes these Actors Social Innovators?
			3.2.1 Roots
			3.2.2 Rural Idyll
			3.2.3 Self-Realization
		3.3 From Sustainable Tourism to Social Innovation and Back
	4 Conclusions
	References
Transformation to Seasonal Villages: Second-Home Tourism as Initiator of Rural Diversification
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
		2.1 Loss of Vitality of Rural Areas
		2.2 Second-Home Tourism in Low-Density Territories
		2.3 Rural Tourism as a Way Out for the Low-Density Territories
	3 A Case Study
		3.1 Methodology and Data
		3.2 Results
		3.3 Findings and Discussion
			3.3.1 Findings from the Field Research
			3.3.2 Findings from Statistical Tests
	4 Conclusions
	References
Tourism, Immigrants and Lifestyle Entrepreneurship: The (In)coming of People as a Key Factor for Sustainability of Low-Density...
	1 Introduction
	2 New Mobilities: Between Tourism and Migration
	3 Tourism, Travellers, Migrants and Lifestyle Entrepreneurship in Rural Areas
		3.1 Lifestyle Entrepreneurship: Around Definitions and Typologies
		3.2 The Impact of Lifestyle Entrepreneurship in Rural Areas: A Discussion Around Tourism, Travellers and Migrants
	4 The Case of Penamacor
		4.1 Characterization of the Territory
		4.2 The Immigration Phenomena
		4.3 Profiles of Foreign Immigrants in Penamacor: Searching for a Typology
			4.3.1 Demographic Characteristics
			4.3.2 Motivations
			4.3.3 Occupations, Mobilities and the Spatial Frames of Action
		4.4 The Impact of Lifestyle Immigration in Penamacor: Between Accidental/Casual Entrepreneurs and Community Entrepreneurs
	5 Conclusions
	Sources of Empirical Data
	References
High-Speed Rail and Tourism in Spanish Low-Density Areas: Not Always a Solution
	1 Introduction
	2 HSR and Tourism: A Literature Review
	3 HSR Deployment in Spain and Expectations
	4 Data and Variables
	5 HSR and Tourism in Low-Density Areas in Spain
	6 Conclusions
	References
The Role of Residents and Their Perceptions of the Tourism Industry in Low-Density Areas: The Case of Boticas, in the Northeas...
	1 Introduction
	2 The Need to Transform Rural Areas into Diversified Local Economies
	3 Residents´ Perceptions of the Tourism Industry and Their Role in the Development of Tourism Activities
	4 Research Methods
		4.1 Boticas: Short Presentation
		4.2 Sample, Data Collection and Questionnaire
		4.3 Data Analysis
	5 Results
		5.1 Profile of Respondents
		5.2 Descriptive Statistics
		5.3 Factor Analysis
	6 Discussion of the Results and Conclusions
	References
Decision Support Indicators for Municipal Investment in Low-Density Territories: A Case Study in the Portuguese Historical Vil...
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Economic/Financial Context
		1.2 Expected Contributions
		1.3 Work Structure
	2 Literature Review
		2.1 The State of the Art
		2.2 Main Options of the Plans and Budgets of the Ten Municipalities Where the Network of the Portuguese Historical Villages Ar...
	3 Empirical Study
		3.1 Identification of the Research Problem and Methodology
		3.2 Problem, Objectives, and Research Questions
		3.3 Research Methodology
		3.4 Analysis of the Minutes
			3.4.1 Municipality of Almeida
			3.4.2 Municipality of Arganil
			3.4.3 Municipality of Belmonte
			3.4.4 Municipality of Celorico da Beira
			3.4.5 Municipality of Figueira de Castelo Rodrigo
			3.4.6 Municipality of Fundão
			3.4.7 Municipality of Idanha-a-Nova
			3.4.8 Municipality of Meda
			3.4.9 Municipality of Sabugal
			3.4.10 Municipality of Trancoso
	4 Final Considerations
	References