The Cambridge Companion to the Age of Justinian (Cambridge Companions to the Ancient World)

The Cambridge Companion to THE AGE OF JUSTINIAN......Page 4
Contents......Page 8
Illustrations and Maps......Page 10
Contributors......Page 14
Abbreviations......Page 16
Acknowledgments......Page 18
Select List of Ancient Sources......Page 20
Chronology......Page 26
Maps......Page 28
PART I. STRUCTURES AND IDEOLOGIES OF EMPIRE......Page 39
Introduction......Page 40
Justinian and His Reign......Page 42
The Successors of Justinian......Page 46
The World around Justinian: Geopolitical Contours......Page 47
Economic Contours......Page 50
Religious Contours......Page 51
Intellectual Contours......Page 54
The Imperial Epicenter: Constantinople and the Emperor......Page 58
Notes......Page 60
Economic Resources and Infrastructure......Page 65
The Economy in Action......Page 71
Society......Page 75
Government......Page 78
Justinian, Renovatio, and the Imperial Administration......Page 85
Notes......Page 92
Location and Layout......Page 97
Governance and Sustenance......Page 104
Society and Community......Page 110
Ritual and Ceremonial......Page 113
Notes......Page 117
4: The Classical City in the Sixth Century: Survival and Transformation (Kenneth G. Holum)......Page 124
The Sixth-Century City: Image and Reality......Page 126
The Prosperity of the Sixth-Century City......Page 127
The Greater Cities......Page 134
City and Countryside......Page 137
Urban Buildings and Their Inhabitants......Page 139
Ruling the Sixth-Century City......Page 144
Survival and Transformation......Page 146
Notes......Page 147
5: The Empire at War (A. D. Lee)......Page 150
The Infrastructure of War Making......Page 152
The Effectiveness of the Army......Page 158
The Impact of War......Page 162
Notes......Page 166
Itineraries......Page 171
Descriptions......Page 176
Diagnoses......Page 180
Inferences......Page 183
Denials......Page 185
Causes......Page 189
Effects......Page 190
Uses......Page 193
Notes......Page 194
7: Law and Legal Practice in the Age of Justinian (Caroline Humfress)......Page 198
Justinian and His Law Books......Page 199
Christianizing Roman Jurisprudence: Justinian’s Digest and Institutes......Page 204
Making Sense of the Emperors’ Laws......Page 208
Resolving Legal Disputes in the Age of Justinian......Page 213
Notes......Page 219
8: Justinianic Ideology and the Power of the Past (Charles Pazdernik)......Page 222
Roman Imperial Ideology and the Legacy of Roman Law......Page 225
“Laws, the Foundations of Liberty”: Ammianus Marcellinus and John the Lydian on Emperors and the Law......Page 229
“Our Own Inspired Mouth”: Justinian and the Legacy of Roman Law......Page 235
Epilogue......Page 240
Notes......Page 242
Doctrinal Foundations and Founding Legends (100–400)......Page 250
Cyril of Alexandria: Through Controversy to Peace (428–444)......Page 253
The Resumption of Hostilities (444–451)......Page 254
The Council of Chalcedon: The Apple of Discord Is Thrown......Page 256
The Attempt to Impose Chalcedon: Marcian and Leo (451–474)......Page 257
The Attempt to Move Back from Chalcedon: Zeno and Anastasius (474–517)......Page 259
Engaging the Theological Issue: Neo-Chalcedonians and Anti-Chalcedonians (507–518)......Page 260
Justinian Smells a Deal: The Scythian Monks’ Proposal (518–519)......Page 262
The Conversations of 532......Page 264
A Theologian’s Initiative: Leontius of Jerusalem......Page 265
Putting Together a Comprehensive Approach (533–553)......Page 266
The Chalcedonians Agree: Constantinople II (553)......Page 269
A Changed World......Page 270
Notes......Page 271
10: Society and Community in the Christian East (Lucas Van Rompay)......Page 274
The Accession of Justin and the Restoration of Chalcedon......Page 276
Justinian: From the Edict on Heretics (527) to Direct Negotiations (532)......Page 279
Toward the Council of 553......Page 282
New Anti-Chalcedonian Bishops Going East and South (ca. 542)......Page 283
The Beginnings of a New Church......Page 286
Divisions among the Anti-Chalcedonians: From Julianism to Tritheism and Beyond......Page 287
Anti-Chalcedonianism and the Formation of New Identities......Page 289
Dyophysitism and Miaphysitism in Sasanian Persia......Page 292
Part of the Roman and Part of the Persian Empire: Armenian Christianity......Page 295
Anti-Chalcedonians and the Empire......Page 296
Notes......Page 297
COLOR PLATES......Page 302
11: Emperors and Popes in the Sixth Century: The Western View (Claire Sotinel)......Page 310
The Roman Church outside the Empire: Political Autonomy and Ecclesiastical Schism......Page 311
The Reconciliation between Rome and Constantinople: Toward a New Crisis?......Page 313
The Theopaschite Formula......Page 315
Impact of the Union between Rome and Constantinople on the Political Situation in Italy......Page 316
Pope John in Constantinople and Aftermath......Page 317
Justinian Takes the Throne......Page 318
The Roman Church under Imperial Authority......Page 319
The Apparent Victory of Pope Agapetus......Page 320
Justinian and Rome in the Three Chapters Controversy......Page 322
First Reactions to the Three Chapters Condemnation......Page 323
Vigilius in Constantinople......Page 325
Reconstructing Papal Authority in Byzantine Italy......Page 327
Schism in Northern Italy......Page 328
Rome and Constantinople in the Late Sixth Century......Page 329
Conclusion......Page 330
Notes......Page 331
12: Christian Piety and Practice in the Sixth Century (Derek Krueger)......Page 334
The Divine Liturgy......Page 335
Romanos the Melodist and the Night Vigil......Page 340
Processional Liturgies and the Urban Landscape......Page 343
Pilgrims’ Piety......Page 345
The Cult of the Saints: Shrines and Therapies......Page 348
The Emergence of Icon Piety......Page 353
Notes......Page 355
13: Philosophy in the Age of Justinian (Christian Wildberg)......Page 359
A Short Prosopography of Sixth-Century Philosophers......Page 361
Trends and Debates in Sixth-Century Philosophy......Page 367
Philosophy and Politics......Page 372
The Cultural Significance of Philosophy in the Age of Justinian......Page 376
Notes......Page 379
14: Art and Architecture in the Age of Justinian (Joseph D. Alchermes)......Page 384
The Image of Justinian: Imperial Tradition and Christianity......Page 385
The Image of Justinian in a Christian Context: Ravenna......Page 387
The Response to the Imperial Image among the Late Roman Public......Page 389
Luxury Objects and Cosmopolitan Taste in the Age of Justinian......Page 390
Elite Taste and the Classical Past......Page 392
Christian Images in the Age of Justinian: Icons......Page 393
Monumental Christian Art in the Age of Justinian......Page 395
Architectural Patronage and Justinian......Page 396
Sts. Sergius and Bacchus and Hagia Sophia......Page 402
Non-Roman Responses to Imperial Art and Architecture......Page 407
Epilogue......Page 410
Notes......Page 411
15: Literary Culture under Justinian (Claudia Rapp)......Page 417
Audience......Page 418
Being an Author......Page 420
Patterns of Patronage......Page 423
Literature without Patronage......Page 433
Notes......Page 436
16: Jews in the Age of Justinian (Nicholas de Lange)......Page 440
Sources......Page 442
The Jews in the Empire......Page 449
Communal Leadership......Page 453
Jewish Life......Page 454
Jewish Attitudes to Church and Empire......Page 457
Conclusions......Page 459
Notes......Page 461
BLACK AND WHITE PLATES......Page 466
Sex and Gender in the Age of Justinian......Page 482
Why Is Gender Analysis Important for Historians?......Page 483
The Roman Background......Page 485
Procopius, Justinian, and Theodora......Page 486
The Secret History......Page 488
Gender and the Law......Page 491
Gender and Patronage......Page 493
Gender and the Church......Page 496
Changing Gender Strategies in the Sixth Century: The Transformation of the Social World......Page 497
Notes......Page 499
The Empire and Its Barbarians......Page 503
Barbarian “Kingdoms of the Empire”......Page 509
Post-Roman Kingdoms in the Age of Justinian......Page 514
Barbarians of the North......Page 521
Conclusion......Page 526
Notes......Page 528
19: Byzantium and the East in the Sixth Century (Geoffrey Greatrex)......Page 532
Rome and Persia in Late Antiquity......Page 534
Persia in the Sixth Century......Page 537
The War under Justin I and Justinian (518–532)......Page 541
Justinian’s Second Persian War (540–562)......Page 543
Justinian and the Frontier Peoples between Rome and Persia......Page 545
Southern Arabia and the Question of Trade......Page 556
Conclusion......Page 558
Notes......Page 559
Problems of Perception......Page 565
The Role of the Great Powers......Page 568
The Religious Background......Page 576
Conclusion......Page 581
Notes......Page 582
PRIMARY SOURCES......Page 590
SECONDARY SOURCES......Page 595
INDEX......Page 638