The Archeology of the New Testament: The Life of Jesus and the Beginning of the Early Church - Revised Edition

PREFACE\nCONTENTS\nCHRONOLOGICAL LIST OF ANCIENT SOURCES\nTABLE OF ARCHEOLOGICAL AND HISTORICAL PERIODS IN PALESTINE\nTABLE OF MONTHS IN THE ROMAN, EGYPTIAN, MACEDONIAN, AND HEBREW CALENDARS\nNOTE ON MEASURES OF LENGTH AND STATEMENTS OF DIRECTION\nLIST OF BISHOPS OF THE JERUSALEM CHURCH WITH EXPLANATORY COMMENTS\nTHE JUDEO-CHRISTIANS\nOUTLINE OF FESTIVALS OF THE EARLY CHURCH\nLIST OF ABBREVIATIONS\nTHE LIFE OF JOHN THE BAPTIST\n1. A View of Ain Karim and the Church of St. John the Baptist– 16. The Church of the Finding of the Head of John the Baptist at Samaria-Sebaste\nTHE LIFE OF JESUS\nBETHLEHEM\n17. The Terraced Slopes of Bethlehem–39. Floor Mosaic in the Roof Chapel at the Field of the Shepherds near Bethlehem\nNAZARETH\n40. Nazareth–57. On the Road from Nazareth Looking Toward the Traditional Village of Cana in Galilee\nSAMARIA\n58. The Landscape of Samaria– 68. The Unfinished Greek Orthodox Basilica over Jacob’s Well\nGALILEE\n69. The Southern End of the Sea of Galilee– 81. The Modern Church of the Multiplication of the Loaves and Fishes\n82. Plan of the Chapel and the Monastery of the Beatitudes at Tabgha– 106. Memorial of the Miracle of the Swine at Kursi\nDECAPOLIS\n107. Plan of Jerash–119. Floor Mosaic in the Synagogue under the Synagogue Church at Jerash\nCAESAREA\n120. General Plan of Caesarea– 133. Byzantine Church Mosaics at Caesarea\nJERICHO\n134. Aerial View of Jericho– 142. Traditional Site of the Inn of the Good Samaritan\nTHE MOUNT OF OLIVES\n143. Map of the Mount of Olives–158. Plan by Arculf of the Church of the Holy Ascension\n159. The Mosque of the Ascension on the Mount of Olives–172. In the Garden of Gethsemane\nJERUSALEM\n173. Plan of Jerusalem in the Time of Jesus– 191. The Triple Gate\n192. Excavated Area South of the Temple Mount– 205. Plan of the Church on Mount Sion According to Arculf\n206. Door of the Syrian Orthodox Church of St. Mark– 220. A Game Board on a Paving Stone\n221. Cistern under the Stone Pavement– 232. Bell Tower at the Church of the Holy Sepulcher\n233. The Church of the Holy Sepulcher from the Tower of the Lutheran Church– 243. St. Stephen\'s Gate\nEMMAUS\n244. Aerial View of el-Qubeibeh, A Possible Site of Emmaus– 247. The Baptistery at ‘Amwas\nTOMBS\nDEVELOPMENT OF EARLY TOMBS\nShaft Tombs, 248–250\nChamber Tombs, 251–252\nChamber Tombs with Ledges, 253–254\nChamber Tombs with Kokim, 255\nChamber Tombs with Arcosolia, 256\nChamber Tombs with Sunk Graves, 257–258\nDECORATED HELLENISTIC-PERIOD TOMBS AT MARISSA\n259. Plan of the Uppermost City at Tell Sandahannah– 263. Portion of the Animal Frieze in Tomb 1 at Marissa\nHELLENISTIC AND ROMAN TOMBS IN THE KIDRON VALLEY\n264. Plan of the Tomb of James and the Tomb of Zechariah– 270. The Pediment of the Tomb of Jehoshaphat\nTHE SANHEDRIYYA TOMBS\n271. Plan and Sections of Tomb xiv of the Sanhedriyya Tombs– 272. Entrance to Tomb xiv of the Sanhedriyya Tombs\nTHE HERODIAN FAMILY TOMB\n273. Plan and Sections of the Herodian Family Tomb–274. Rolling Stone in the Herodian Family Tomb\nTHE TOMB OF QUEEN HELENA OF ADIABENE\n275. Restoration in Perspective of the Tomb of Queen Helena of Adiabene– 281. Rolling Stone at the Entrance of the Tomb of Queen Helena of Adiabene\nCATACOMBS\nBETH SHE’ARIM\n282. General View of Beth She’arim–287. Epitaph of Marinos and His Wife in Catacomb No. 13\nROME\n288. An Aramaic Inscription from the Jewish Catacomb in Monteverde– 295. Another Painting in the Jewish Catacomb in the Villa Torlonia\nSARCOPHAGI\n296. Sarcophagi in the Herodian Family Tomb–301. A Lead Coffin from Beth She’arim\nOSSUARIES\n302. Ossuary from Tomb 14 at Tell en-Nasbeh–303. Ossuary Inscriptions from a Tomb in the Kidron Valley\nTHE CROSS\nHISTORY OF THE CROSS MARK\n304. Painted Pebbles with Cross Marks from Tell Abu Matar\nTHE CROSS MARKAS A CHARACTER OF THE SEMITIC ALPHABET\n305. Sandstone Statue from Serabit el-Khadem with proto-Sinaitic Inscription– 306. The Inscription of Yehimilk, King of Byblos\nTHE HEBREW TAW AND ITS EQUIVALENTS\nTHE SIGN OF PROTECTION AND DELIVERANCE\nTHE PHYLACTERIES AND THE SIGN OF THE NAME OF GOD\nTHE SIGN OF THE ANOINTED ONE\n307. Column xxxv of the Isaiah Scroll from Cave 1 at Qumran\nTHE CROSS MARK IN JEWISH CHRISTIANITY\nTHE CROSS AS REPRESENTATION OF THE STAUROS\nTHE CROSS IN THE HELLENISTIC CHURCH\nTHE FORMS OF THE CROSS\nABBREVIATIONS AND MONOGRAMS\nTHE CROSS MARK IN RELATION TO FUNERAR Y CUSTOMS, JEWISH AND CHRISTIAN\nILLUSTRATIONS OF THE CROSS MARK\nTHE TEL ARAD JAR\n308. Jar from Tel Arad with Hebrew Inscription and Taw Mark\nTHE NICANOR OSSUARY\n309. Inscription and Cross Mark on the Nicanor Ossuary–310. Cross Mark on the Lid of the Nicanor Ossuary\nTHE OSSUARIES ON THE MOUNT OF OFFENCE\n311. Inscription with the Name of Judah and Cross Mark on an Ossuary from the Mount of Offence– 314. Inscription with the Name of Alexander on an Ossuary from near Silwan\nTHE TALPIOTH OSSUARIES\n315. Plan of the Tomb at Talpioth– 318. Cross Mark on Ossuary No. 8 from Talpioth\nTHE DOMINUS FLEVIT OSSUARIES\n319. Plan and Sections of a Portion of the Cemetery at Dominus Flevit– 326. Photograph and Drawing of Marks on Ossuary No. 18 from Dominus Flevit\nHERCULANEUM\n327. Wall Mark at Herculaneum–328. Stand at Herculaneum\nVATICAN\n329. Graffiti in the Vatican Excavations\nCROSS MARKS IN THE CATACOMBS\n330. A Painted Inscription in the Jewish Catacomb in the Villa Torlonia–335. Trisomus Inscription in the Catacomb of Priscilla\nTHE CROSS MARK IN MANUSCRIPTS\n336. A Page in Papyrus Bodmer 11 (P66)– 338. A Page in the Gospel of Truth (CodexJung)\nTHE ANKH-CROSS\n339. Slate Dish Embodying the Sign of the Ankh–344. Painting in a Tomb Chapel at the Oasis of Khargeh\nINDEX OF SCRIPTURAL REFERENCES\nINDEX