Texts from the Pyramid Age (Writings from the Ancient World)

Front Cover......Page 1
Texts from the Pyramid Age......Page 4
Contents......Page 8
List of Figures......Page 12
List of Texts......Page 14
Series Editor’s Foreword......Page 26
Preface......Page 28
Chronological Table......Page 30
Abbreviations......Page 36
1.1 Range of Material Presented......Page 40
1.2 Selection and Presentation Criteria......Page 41
2.1 Collections and Translations of Large Bodies of Old Kingdom Material......Page 43
2.2 Translations of Egyptian Literature in English Incorporating Some Old Kingdom Texts......Page 44
2.3 The Study of Old Kingdom Texts......Page 45
3.1 Outline......Page 46
3.2 Dating Events in the Old Kingdom......Page 49
3.3 Royal Names......Page 53
3.4 Dating Private Monuments......Page 55
4.1 The Importance of Context......Page 56
4.3 Are the Texts in Verse or Prose?......Page 58
4.4 Old Kingdom Egyptian and Its Characteristics......Page 59
5. Particular Points of Translation......Page 63
5.1 Grammar......Page 64
5.2 Titles......Page 65
5.3 Other Issues......Page 69
6. Principal Types of Text Translated in This Volume......Page 72
6.1 Historiographic Texts......Page 73
6.2 Temple Texts......Page 74
6.3 Inscriptions Set Up by or on Behalf of Kings......Page 75
6.4 State Administrative Texts......Page 78
6.5 Texts from the Tombs of Officials......Page 79
6.6 Private Legal Texts......Page 87
6.8 Texts of Women......Page 89
6.9 Graffiti......Page 90
6.10 Expedition Inscriptions......Page 92
6.11 Builders’ or Quarry Marks......Page 93
6.12 Letters......Page 94
Notes......Page 96
1. The Palermo Stone and Associated Fragments......Page 104
2. Three Annalistic Vessel Inscriptions from Elephantine......Page 113
3. Annals on the Sarcophagus of Ankhesenpepy from South Saqqara......Page 114
6. Royal Names from the Tomb of Netjerpunesut at Giza......Page 117
Notes......Page 118
7. Reliefs of Netjerykhet Djoser......Page 120
8. From the Temples of Sneferu at Dahshur......Page 121
10. Texts from the Temple of Sahure at Abusir......Page 122
11. Festival Offerings Calendar for the Sun Temple of Niuserre at Abu Gurob......Page 125
12. Blocks from the Causeway of the Pyramid of Unas at Saqqara......Page 130
13. Texts of Pepy I and Teti from Tell Basta......Page 131
14. A Sed Festival Monument of Pepy II......Page 132
15. Building Inscriptions from Temples......Page 133
Notes......Page 134
16. Decree of Shepseskaf from the Pyramid Temple of Menkaure at Giza......Page 136
17. Decree of Neferirkare from Abydos......Page 137
18. Two Decrees from the Abusir Papyri of Neferefre......Page 140
19. Decree of Teti from Abydos......Page 141
20. Decree of Pepy I from Dahshur......Page 142
21. Decree of Pepy I from Koptos (Koptos A)......Page 144
23. Decree of Pepy II from the Valley Temple of Menkaure at Giza......Page 145
24. Decree of Pepy II from Koptos (Koptos B)......Page 146
25. Decree of Pepy II from Koptos (Koptos C)......Page 148
26. Decree of Pepy II from Koptos (Koptos D)......Page 151
27. Decree of Pepy II (?) from Koptos (Koptos G)......Page 153
29. Decree of a Successor of Pepy II from Saqqara......Page 154
30. Decree of Horus Kha . . . from Koptos (Koptos H)......Page 155
31. Decree of (Probably) Neferkauhor from Koptos (Koptos I)......Page 156
32. Decree of Neferkauhor from Koptos (Koptos J)......Page 157
33. Decree of Neferkauhor from Koptos (Koptos K)......Page 158
34. Decree of Neferkauhor from Koptos (Koptos L)......Page 159
36. Decree of Neferkauhor from Koptos (Koptos N)......Page 160
38. Decrees of Neferkauhor from Koptos (Koptos P and Q)......Page 161
39. Decree of Horus Demedjibtawy from Koptos (Koptos R)......Page 162
40. Lists of Offerings for Cults from Koptos......Page 163
Notes......Page 165
43. Vessels of Izezi......Page 168
45. Objects of Pepy I......Page 169
46. Objects of Merenre......Page 170
Note......Page 171
50. Inscription of Merenre to the South of the First Cataract......Page 172
53. Inscription of Pepy II at Elephantine......Page 173
57. Inscriptions of Sahure in Sinai......Page 174
59. Inscription of Menkauhor in Wadi Maghara......Page 175
60. Inscriptions of Izezi in Wadi Maghara......Page 176
61. Inscriptions of Pepy I in Wadi Maghara......Page 177
62. Inscriptions of Pepy II in Wadi Maghara......Page 178
64. Inscriptions of Pepy I......Page 179
67. Expedition Inscriptions Relating to Tjautyiqer......Page 182
68. Inscriptions of Tjetji......Page 183
70. Inscriptions of Teti......Page 184
71. Inscriptions of Pepy I......Page 185
73. Inscriptions of Pepy II......Page 186
76. Two Inscriptions from Khor el-Aquiba......Page 188
77. Inscriptions at Tomas......Page 189
Notes......Page 190
79. Dates from the Pyramid of Meidum......Page 192
81. Giza Pyramid Crew Names......Page 193
83. Crew Names and Other Related Texts from Abusir......Page 194
84. Quarry Marks from Private Tombs at Giza......Page 195
86. Brief Texts of Phyles That Appear in the Decoration of Tomb Chapels......Page 197
Notes......Page 198
88. A Selection of Graffiti from el-Kab......Page 200
89. A Graffito from Hindallab......Page 202
Notes......Page 203
90. Selections from the Abusir Papyri from the Neferirkare Temple......Page 204
Notes......Page 211
92. Letters in the Abusir Papyri from the Neferirkare Temple......Page 214
93. A Sixth-Dynasty Letter, Probably from Saqqara......Page 215
94. A Protest to the Vizier from Saqqara......Page 216
96. The “Crimes of Sabni,” from Elephantine......Page 217
97. A Letter about Complaints over Farming......Page 218
99. Letters from the Oasis of Dakhla......Page 219
100. Letter from Izezi in the Tomb of Reshepses at Saqqara......Page 220
101. Two Letters to the Dead......Page 221
Notes......Page 223
102. House Purchases from the Gebelein Papyri......Page 224
103. A Dispute over an Inheritance from Elephantine......Page 225
104. Legal Text from the Tomb of Akhethotep Hemi/Nebkauhor at Saqqara......Page 226
105. Inscription above a Shaft in the Tomb of Idu Seneni at el-Qasr wa es-Sayed......Page 227
106. Block Bearing a Legal Text of (Possibly) Kaiemnefret......Page 228
107. Provision of a Doorway by Khenemti in the Tomb of Iarti at South Saqqara......Page 230
108. Decrees Setting Up the Estates of Metjen from His Tomb at Saqqara......Page 231
109. Agreement with Soul Priests from the Tomb of Nyankhkhnum and Khnumhotep at Saqqara......Page 233
110. Texts of Nykaiankh from Tehna......Page 234
112. Disposition of the Funerary Estate of Penmeru in His Tomb at Giza......Page 239
114. Instructions for the Funerary Priests of Sennuankh from Saqqara......Page 240
115. Instructions for the Cult of Tjenti and His Family from Giza......Page 241
117. From the False Door of Yotefnen from Giza......Page 242
120. A Legal Fragment Found Reused at Lisht......Page 243
121. Sale of a House, Found at Giza......Page 244
Notes......Page 245
123. From the Tomb of Kaipure at Saqqara......Page 248
124. Formulae from the False Door of Mereri at Saqqara......Page 249
125. Formulae in the Tomb of the Physician Nyankhre at Giza......Page 250
126. Formulae from the False Door of Ptahhotep II in His Tomb at Saqqara......Page 251
127. Formulae on the Sarcophagus of Sedjefaptah Called Fefi from Giza......Page 252
129. Formulae of Sneferunefer II from Saqqara......Page 253
130. Formulae from the False Door of Tepemankh at Saqqara......Page 254
Notes......Page 255
131. Texts of Ankhi Called Intji from His Tomb at Saqqara......Page 256
132. Texts from the Tomb of Ankhwedja Itji at Giza......Page 257
133. Lintel in the Tomb of Herymeru at Saqqara......Page 258
134. Offering Table of Ishetmaa from Saqqara......Page 259
136. Texts from the Tomb of Khui at Saqqara......Page 260
137. Text of Khuit, Perhaps from Saqqara......Page 261
138. Architrave of Mehi from Saqqara......Page 262
139. Inscriptions over the Entrance to the Tomb of Mereri at Saqqara......Page 263
141. Lintel of Nedjemib from Saqqara......Page 264
142. Texts from the Tomb of Nenki from Saqqara......Page 265
143. Texts at the Entrance to the Tomb of Nyankhpepy at Saqqara......Page 266
144. Texts on the Pillars of the Tomb of Nyhetepptah at Giza......Page 268
145. Inscriptions at the Entrance to the Tomb of Nykauizezi at Saqqara......Page 270
147. Inscription on Blocks of Reherytep Iti from Saqqara......Page 271
148. Texts on False Door of Sekhentyuka and Nyankhsheret from Giza......Page 272
149. Texts from the Tomb of Tjetu at Giza......Page 273
150. Inscription in the Tombs of Tjy and Mereruka at Saqqara......Page 274
Notes......Page 276
153. Text on a Statue of Ankhirptah, Perhaps from Saqqara......Page 278
156. Text from the Tomb of Inpuhotep at Giza......Page 279
158. Texts on a Wooden Door Panel from the Family Tomb of Kaiemhezet at Saqqara......Page 280
159. Texts from the Tomb of Kaiemrehu at Saqqara......Page 281
162. From the Texts on the False Door Niche of Kainefer from Dahshur......Page 282
165. Commemoration of Workmen in the Tomb of Nebemakhet at Giza......Page 283
168. Text of Nyankhsokar, Perhaps from Giza......Page 284
171. Texts of Sehetepu from His Chapel at Saqqara......Page 285
172. Libation Basin of Shedy from Saqqara......Page 286
173. Texts in the Tomb of Tepemankh II at Saqqara......Page 287
176. From a Stela of Tjezi at Giza......Page 288
Notes......Page 289
179. From the Tomb of Abdu at Giza......Page 290
180. Text of Akhetmehu from His Tomb at Giza......Page 291
183. From the Tomb of Merankhef at Giza......Page 292
184. Inscriptions of Merkhufu from Giza......Page 293
186. Inscriptions of Nymaatre from His Tomb at Giza......Page 294
187. Text on the False Door of Nysuredi from Giza......Page 295
189. Architrave of Tetiseneb Called Iri from Saqqara......Page 296
190. Inscription of Zeftjwa in Berlin......Page 297
191. Scenes of Visiting the Tomb from Giza......Page 298
Notes......Page 299
195. Text from the Tomb of Akhethotep Hemi/Nebkauhor at Saqqara......Page 300
196. False Door Inscriptions of Ankhkhufu from Giza......Page 301
197. Text of Ankhmahor from Saqqara......Page 303
198. Texts of Ankhmeryremeryptah Called Nekhebu from Giza......Page 304
199. Text of Bia from Saqqara......Page 308
200. Text of Debehen from Giza......Page 310
201. Inscription on the False Door of Geref from Saqqara......Page 311
202. Texts from the Tomb of Hetepherakhet at Saqqara......Page 312
204. From the Left Jamb of the False Door of Hetepu at Saqqara......Page 313
205. Inscriptions of Hezi from Saqqara......Page 314
206. Facade Text from the Tomb of Idu at Giza......Page 316
207. Text of Ipi from Saqqara......Page 318
208. Lintel from the Tomb of Iyenhor at Saqqara......Page 319
210. Texts from the Tomb of Kaiaper at South Abusir......Page 320
212. Inscriptions of Kaiemtjennet from His Tomb at Saqqara......Page 321
213. Texts from the Facade of the Mastaba of Kaigemni at Saqqara......Page 324
214. Part of a Lintel of Kaihap Tjeti......Page 326
216. Texts from the Tomb of Khentika at Saqqara......Page 327
217. Text of Khenu from Saqqara......Page 330
218. Text of (Another) Khenu from Saqqara......Page 331
219. Inscriptions of Khuiwer from Giza......Page 332
220. Architraves from the Tomb of Mehu at Saqqara......Page 333
221. Text of Mersuankh from His Tomb at Giza......Page 335
222. Texts of Metjetji, Probably from Saqqara......Page 336
223. Texts from the Tomb of Neferseshemptah at Saqqara......Page 338
224. Texts from the Tomb of Neferseshemre at Saqqara......Page 339
225. Inscriptions of Nyankhsekhmet from Saqqara......Page 341
226. False Door of Ptahshepses from Saqqara......Page 342
227. Inscription of Rewer from Giza......Page 344
228. Inscriptions of Sabu Ibebi from Saqqara......Page 345
230. Inscriptions from the Tomb of Sankhuptah Called Nyhetepptah at Saqqara......Page 348
231. Inscriptions of Sekhemankhptah from Giza......Page 349
232. Texts from the Mastaba of Senedjemib Inti at Giza......Page 350
233. Texts from the False Door of Seshemu at Giza......Page 355
234. Inscriptions of Seshemnefer IV and His Son Ptahhotep from Giza......Page 356
235. Inscriptions of Washptah from Saqqara......Page 357
236. A Fragment of a Biography from West of the Step Pyramid at Saqqara......Page 359
238. Block Found near the Pyramid of Teti at Saqqara......Page 360
240. Text of an Unnamed Person from Giza......Page 361
Notes......Page 362
XVII. Biographical Texts from the Provinces......Page 366
241. Texts on the Facade of the Tomb of Harkhuf at Qubbet el-Hawa......Page 367
242. Inscriptions of Pepynakht Called Heqaib from His Tomb at Qubbet el-Hawa......Page 372
243. Inscriptions on the Facade of the Tomb of Sabni and Mekhu I at Qubbet el-Hawa......Page 374
244. From the Tomb of Another Sabni at Qubbet el-Hawa......Page 378
246. Inscriptions of Izi from Edfu......Page 379
247. Inscriptions of Meryrenefer Qar from Edfu......Page 381
249. Text from the Tomb of Shemai at Kom el-Koffar......Page 384
250. Inscriptions of Idu I from Dendera......Page 386
252. Texts on the Facade of the Tomb of Idu Seneni at el-Qasr wa es-Sayed......Page 387
253. Slab of Djadjay from el-Qasr wa es-Sayed......Page 388
254. From the Tomb of Idu Menza from el-Qasr wa es-Sayed......Page 389
255. Architrave of Per-shenay from Abydos......Page 390
256. Inscription of Weni from Abydos......Page 391
257. Inscription of Djau from Abydos......Page 396
258. Ideal Biography from the Tomb of an Unknown Person at Abydos......Page 397
260. Text of Bawy from Hawawish......Page 398
261. Fragments of the Biography of Iy Mery at Hawawish......Page 399
264. Inscription from the Tomb of Mery I at Hagarsa......Page 400
265. Inscription of Mery II at Hagarsa......Page 401
266. Texts from the Tomb of Ibi at Deir el-Gebrawi......Page 402
267. Inscription of Djau at Deir el-Gebrawi......Page 404
269. Text of Henqu from Deir el-Gebrawi......Page 405
270. Inscription of Pepyankhheryib at Meir......Page 407
271. Inscriptions of Inti at Deshasha......Page 410
272. On the Architrave of Khnumnedjem from Busiris......Page 412
273. Stela from the Chapel of Khentyka at Balat......Page 413
274. Stela from the Chapel of Khentykawpepy at Balat......Page 414
Notes......Page 415
276. Texts from the Mastaba of Meresankh III at Giza......Page 418
278. Inscriptions Relating to the “Khentkawes Problem”......Page 420
280. From the Pyramid of Iput, Wife of Teti and Mother of Pepy I, at Saqqara......Page 422
281. Texts of Two Queens of Pepy I Named Ankhesenpepy from Saqqara......Page 423
282. Inscriptions of Queens of Pepy II from the Area of His Pyramid Complex at Saqqara......Page 424
283. Inscriptions of Hemetre Called Hemi from Her Tomb at Saqqara......Page 425
285. Texts of Inti from Her Tomb at Saqqara......Page 426
286. From the Saqqara False Door of Merut Called Zeshzeshet......Page 427
287. Formulae of Nensedjerkai from Her Tomb at Giza......Page 428
288. Dedicatory Text of Djenwen......Page 429
289. False Door of Hemire, Perhaps from Busiris......Page 430
291. Inscriptions of Hetepheres from Giza......Page 431
292. Inscriptions of Hetepheres Called Khenut from Giza......Page 432
294. False Door of Khenit from Giza......Page 433
295. Stela of Nebet and Khui from Abydos......Page 434
296. False Door of Nedjetempet from Saqqara......Page 435
298. Texts of Nubhotep from Saqqara......Page 436
300. Texts of Shepset and Nykauhathor from Giza......Page 437
Notes......Page 438
301. Musical Scenes in the Tomb of Akhethotep Hemi/Nebkauhor at Saqqara......Page 440
302. From the Tomb of Ankhmahor at Saqqara......Page 441
303. From the Tomb of Ibi at Deir el-Gebrawi......Page 442
305. Caption to Butchers on the Architrave of Khnumnedjem from Busiris......Page 443
306. From the Tomb of Mehu at Saqqara......Page 444
308. From the Tomb of Mery II at Hagarsa......Page 446
309. From the Tomb of Nyankhkhnum and Khnumhotep at Saqqara......Page 447
310. Fishing and Fowling Scenes in the Tomb of Nyankhpepy Kem at Meir......Page 449
312. Offering Bearers in the Tomb of Persen at Saqqara......Page 450
313. From the Tomb of Qar at Giza......Page 451
314. From the Tomb of Sekhemankhptah at Saqqara......Page 453
317. Boat Texts from Tombs......Page 455
319. Some Funerary Domains......Page 457
Notes......Page 459
322. Sarcophagus Lid Texts......Page 462
324. Inscription of Abutyu from Giza......Page 464
325. Hieratic Texts on Pots from Qubbet el-Hawa......Page 465
326. Texts on the Sarcophagus of Minkhaf from Giza......Page 466
327. Short Offering and Linen List of Nefretiabet from Giza......Page 469
328. Long Offering List from the Chapel of Ankhmeryre at Saqqara......Page 471
329. Linen Lists on a Wooden Box from Gebelein......Page 472
330. List of Linen on a Box from the Tomb of Nefer and Kahay at Saqqara......Page 473
Notes......Page 474
332. Warning to Visitors from the Tomb of Peteti at Giza......Page 476
333. Warning and Biographical Texts of Merefnebef from Saqqara......Page 477
Notes......Page 480
List of Sources......Page 482
Bibliography......Page 504
Glossary......Page 542
Names of Persons (excluding kings)......Page 550
Sites of Origin......Page 553
Objects in Museums......Page 554
Cross-reference List of Tomb Text Types......Page 558
Concordance of Texts in Urkunden I......Page 560