Textile Wastewater Treatment: Sustainable Bio-nano Materials and Macromolecules, Volume 2 (Sustainable Textiles: Production, Processing, Manufacturing & Chemistry)

Contents
About the Editors
Treatment of Textile Wastewater by Nanoparticles
	1 Introduction
	2 Synthesis of Nanoparticles
		2.1 Physical–Chemical Mediated Synthesis
		2.2 Green Synthesis of Nanoparticles
	3 Role of Nanotechnology in Textile Wastewater Treatment
		3.1 Adsorption Based Techniques
		3.2 Nano-based Membrane Techniques
		3.3 Microorganisms Mediated Nanotechnology
		3.4 Plant Mediated Nanotechnology
		3.5 Enzymes Mediated Nanotechnology
	4 Recent Advancement in Treatment of Textile Wastewater
		4.1 Photocatalytic Reactor
		4.2 Nanotechnology with Electricity Generation
	5 Toxicity of Nanoparticles and Impact on Environment
	6 Future Aspects
	7 Conclusion
	References
Magnetic-Based Biocomposites in Dye Adsorption
	1 Introduction
	2 Adsorption as a Process for Dye Removal
	3 Preparation of Magnetic-Based Biocomposite
	4 Magnetic-Based Biocomposite as Dye Adsorbent
	5 Factors Affecting the Efficiency of Magnetic-Based Biocomposites for the Adsorption of Dye
		5.1 Physicochemical Properties of Magnetic-Based Biocomposite as Dye Adsorbent
	6 Effect of Operating Parameters on the Sorption of Dyes by Magnetic-Based Biocomposite
	7 Desorption
	8 Challenges and Economic Perspective
	9 Conclusion
	References
Application of Wheat Bran/Straw-Based Biomaterials in Textile Wastewater
	1 Introduction
	2 Wheat Brand and Straw Characteristics
		2.1 Wheat Straw Characteristic
		2.2 Wheat Bran Characteristic
	3 Textile Wastewater Treatment Using Wheat Bran and Wheat Straw
		3.1 Wheat Bran Application to Dye Remediation
		3.2 Wheat Straw (WS) Application to Dye Remediation
	4 Conclusion
	References
Application of Peel-Based Biomaterials in Textile Wastewater
	1 Introduction
	2 Fruit Peels
		2.1 Rambutan Peel, Jackfruit Peel, Mangosteen Peel, and Spent Tea Leaves
		2.2 Orange Peel
		2.3 Pineapple Peel
		2.4 Cucumis Sativus Fruit Peel
		2.5 Orange Peel, Pomelo Peel, Lemon Peel, and Finger Citron Peel
		2.6 Banana Peel
		2.7 Mandarin Peel
		2.8 Dragon Fruit Peel
		2.9 Pomegranate Fruit Peel
	3 Vegetable Peels
		3.1 Green Pea Peels
		3.2 Water Chestnut Peel Waste
		3.3 Luffa Fruit Peel and Soybean Seed Hulls
		3.4 Moringa Oleifera Seed and Grewia Venusta Peel
		3.5 Cucumber Peel
		3.6 Peanut and Onion Peel
		3.7 Potato Peel
		3.8 Tapioca Peel
	4 Conclusion
	References
Applications of Luffa Based Biomaterials in Textile Waste Water
	1 Introduction
	2 Hazardous Effect of Dyes on Environment
	3 Conventional Methods and Materials Used for Textile Waste Water Treatments
		3.1 Physical Methods
		3.2 Chemical Methods
		3.3 Biological Methods
		3.4 Adsorption for Textile Waste Water Treatment
	4 Luffa Cylindrica as an Adsorbent
		4.1 Composition and Characteristics of Luffa Cylindrica
		4.2 Luffa Cylindrica for Metal Ion Adsorption
		4.3 Luffa Cylindrica for Dye Removal
		4.4 Luffa Cylindrica for Toxic Pollutant Removal
		4.5 Luffa Cylindrica for Drug Removal
	5 Conclusions
	References
Recent Trends in Textile Wastewater Treatment Using Agricultural Waste
	1 Introduction
	2 Typical Characteristics of Textile Effluents
		2.1 Hard to Treat Effluent
		2.2 Hazardous or Toxic Effluent
		2.3 High Volume Effluent
		2.4 Dispersible Wastes
	3 Agricultural Wastes
	4 Treatment Processes of Textile Industry Wastewaters
		4.1 Biological Methods
		4.2 Chemical Methods
		4.3 Physical Methods
	5 Factors Affecting the Treatment Process
		5.1 Contact Time
		5.2 Adsorbent Dosage
		5.3 Solution pH
		5.4 Initial Dye Concentration
		5.5 Agitation Speed
		5.6 Temperature
	6 Kinetics of the Treatment Process
	7 Equilibrium Isotherms of the Treatment Processes
		7.1 Langmuir Model
		7.2 Freundlich Model
		7.3 Temkin Model
	8 Thermodynamic Parameters
	9 Hybrid Application of Agricultural Waste in Textile Water Treatment
	10 Application of Artificial Intelligence in Textile Wastewater Treatment
	11 Conclusion
	References
Application of Agricultural Waste in Anionic Dyes Removal from Wastewater
	1 Introduction
	2 Textile Dyes and Classification
	3 Toxicity of Dyes
	4 Treatment Technologies for Dyes
		4.1 Chemical Treatment
		4.2 Biological Methods
		4.3 Physical Methods
		4.4 Integrated Methods
	5 Agricultural Waste Materials
	6 Removal of Anionic Dyes Using Agricultural Waste
		6.1 Acid Dye
		6.2 Direct Dye
	7 Conclusion
	References
Application of Composite Polymeric Membranes in Textile Wastewater
	1 Introduction
	2 Polymeric Membrane
	3 Methods of Modification of Polymeric Membranes
	4 Composite Polymeric Membranes Applied to the Treatment of Textile Wastewater
	5 Case Study
	6 Conclusions
	References
Chitosan and Chitosan-Based Nanocomposite Membranes in the Removal of Synthetic Dye from Effluent Wastewaters
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Textile Industries-Effluent Wastewaters-Synthetic Dyes—Environmental Issues
	2 Role of Chitosan and Chitosan-Based Nanocomposite Membranes
		2.1 Coastal Areas-Sea Food Waste—Crustacean Shell Waste—Environmental Impact
		2.2 Value-Added Products from Crustacean Shell Waste (Chitin and Chitosan Extraction) and Their Applications
		2.3 Production of Chitosan-Based Nanocomposite Membranes
		2.4 Application of Chitosan and Chitosan-Based Nanocomposite Membranes in Synthetic Dye Removal from Textile Industry Effluents
	3 Conclusions
	4 Future Directions
	References
Application of Bio-Based and Inorganic Composite Materials to Remove Heavy Metals from Textile Effluent
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Textile Wastewater Characteristics
		1.2 Heavy Metals Occurrence in Textile Effluent
		1.3 Environmental Impacts of Heavy Metals
		1.4 Occurrence of Heavy Metals in Water
		1.5 Pollution of Soil
	2 Heavy Metals Removal from Aquatic Environment
		2.1 Application of Adsorption in Textile Wastewater
		2.2 Inorganic Adsorbents
		2.3 Composites of Biosorbents and Inorganic Adsorbent
	3 Conclusion
	References
Potential of Pyrolysis Biochar as an Eco-Friendly Biosorbent for Dye Removal from Industrial Wastewaters
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Classification of Dyes
		1.2 Methods of Dye Removal
		1.3 Dye Removal Through Adsorption
	2 Biochar
		2.1 Biochar Production Methods
	3 Biochar as an Adsorbent for Dyes
		3.1 Protocols Followed, Properties and Applications of Biochars Produced from Various Feedstocks
	4 Mechanism of Adsorption of Various Dyes on Different Biochars
	5 Adsorption Isotherms for Dyes on Biochars
	6 Kinetics of Adsorption of Dyes on Biochars
	7 Thermodynamics of Adsorption of Dye on Biochars
	8 Recyclability of Biochars Adsorbents
	9 Conclusions and Future Perspectives
	References
Application of Rice Husk-Based Biomaterial in Textile Wastewater Treatment
	1 Introduction
	2 Dyes
		2.1 Classification of Dyes
	3 RiceHusk Base Biomaterials (RHBB)
		3.1 Modification of RHBB
		3.2 BET Analysis of  RHBB
	4 Methods of Treating Textile Wastewater Using RHBB
		4.1 Coagulation
		4.2 Adsorption
		4.3 UV/H2O2
		4.4 Photocatalysis
		4.5 Biosorption
	5 Thermodynamics, Kinetics, and Isotherm Models in Treating Textile Effluent
		5.1 Kinetics
		5.2 Isotherms
	6 Optimization of Textile Wastewater Treatment
	7 Application of Artificial Intelligence in Textile Wastewater Treatment
	8 Regeneration
	9 Conclusion
	References
Application of Hydroxyapatite in Textile Wastewater
	1 Introduction
	2 Primary Pollutants in Textile Wastewater and Environmental Issues
	3 Hydroxyapatite—An Effective Adsorbent
		3.1 Sources, Synthesis, and Extraction of Hydroxyapatite
		3.2 Chemistry of Hydroxyapatite
	4 Priority Pollutants Adsorbed by Hydroxyapatite
		4.1 Heavy Metals
		4.2 Dyes
		4.3 Sulfates
		4.4 Phenols
		4.5 Oils
	5 Adsorption Process
		5.1 Equilibrium Kinetic Modeling Studies
		5.2 Isothermal Studies
		5.3 Thermodynamic Studies
		5.4 Mechanistic Studies
		5.5 Regeneration Studies
	6 Conclusion
	References