Technologies for Spacecraft Antenna Engineering Design

Series Editor’s Preface
Preface
Contents
About the Authors
Contributors
Acronyms
1 Overview
	1.1 Components and Types of Spacecraft
	1.2 Characteristics and Classification of Spacecraft Antennas
		1.2.1 Characteristics of Spacecraft Antenna
		1.2.2 Classification of Spacecraft Antennas
	1.3 Key Points of Spacecraft Antenna Design
		1.3.1 Task Analysis and Electromagnetic Layout
		1.3.2 Essential Factors for Adaptive Design of Space Environment
		1.3.3 Platform Antenna Design
		1.3.4 Payload Antenna Design
2 Spacecraft TT&C Antenna
	2.1 Main Characteristics of Spacecraft TT&C Antenna
		2.1.1 TT&C Antenna Array Mode
		2.1.2 Main Technical Requirements of TT&C Antenna
	2.2 S-Band Bifilar Conical Helical TT&C Antenna
	2.3 S-Band Quadrifilar Helical Antenna
	2.4 S-Band Cavity-Backed Dipole TT&C Antenna
	2.5 C-Band Coaxial-Slot Double-Cone-Disk TT&C Antenna
	2.6 Other TT&C Antennas
3 Spacecraft DTA
	3.1 Main Technical Characteristics of Spacecraft DTA
		3.1.1 Earth Shaped Beam
		3.1.2 Main Characteristics of DTA
	3.2 X-Band Bifilar Backfire Helical Antenna
		3.2.1 Radiation Mode of Helical Antenna
		3.2.2 Radiation Pattern of Complex Transmission Mode
		3.2.3 Multipactor Margin Design for DTA
		3.2.4 Engineering Application Design of DTA
	3.3 X-Band-Shaped Reflector Antenna
		3.3.1 Design of Cross-Dipole Feed
		3.3.2 Performance of Shaped Reflector Antenna
	3.4 Spot Beam Double Circularly Polarized DTA
		3.4.1 Demand and Task Analysis
		3.4.2 Stepped Diaphragm Double Circular Polarizer Design
		3.4.3 Double Circularly Polarized Antenna Design
	References
4 Spacecraft GNSS Antenna
	4.1 Main Technical Requirements of Spacecraft GNSS Antenna
	4.2 Single-Frequency GNSS Antenna
		4.2.1 Self-feeding Quadrifilar Helix GNSS Antenna
		4.2.2 Microstrip GNSS Antenna
	4.3 Dual-Band GNSS Antenna
		4.3.1 Dual-Band Microstrip GNSS Antenna
		4.3.2 Dual-Frequency PEC GNSS Antenna
	4.4 High-Orbit GNSS Navigation Antenna
	References
5 Inter-satellite Link Antenna
	5.1 ISLs Characteristics of Navigation Satellites
		5.1.1 Static Link
		5.1.2 Dynamic Link
	5.2 ISLs Reflector Antenna
		5.2.1 Demand and Task Analysis
		5.2.2 Design of Reflector Antenna Assembly
		5.2.3 Design of Rotating Joint Assembly
		5.2.4 Design of Waveguide Assembly
	5.3 ISLs Phased Array Antenna
		5.3.1 Demand and Task Analysis
		5.3.2 Overall Scheme of Phased Array Antenna
		5.3.3 Array Design of Phased Array Antenna
		5.3.4 Design of TR Assembly
		5.3.5 Amplitude and Phase Calibration Design
	Reference
6 Communication Satellite Payload Antenna
	6.1 Communication Satellite Payload Antenna Characteristics
		6.1.1 Development and Characteristics of International Spaceborne Communication Antennas
		6.1.2 Development and Characteristics of Chinese Satellite Communication Antenna
		6.1.3 Key Technology of Communication Satellite Antenna Engineering Application
	6.2 Shaped Reflector Antenna
		6.2.1 Design of Shaped Reflector Antenna—Representation Method of Reflector Surface
		6.2.2 Optimizing Reflector Shape
		6.2.3 Structure Realization
	6.3 Multi-beam Antenna
		6.3.1 Application and Characteristics of Multi-beam Antenna
		6.3.2 Design of Reflector Multi-beam Antenna
		6.3.3 Main Technical Parameters of Multi-beam Antenna
		6.3.4 Impact and Design of Core Indicators
	6.4 Adaptive Nulling Antenna
		6.4.1 Application and Characteristics of Nulling Antenna
		6.4.2 Basic Principle of Nulling Antenna
		6.4.3 Principle of Space-Borne Nulling Antenna
	6.5 Large Mesh Reflector Antenna
		6.5.1 Annular Mesh Antenna
		6.5.2 Umbrella Antenna
		6.5.3 Truss Antenna
	References
7 Microwave Remote Sensing Satellite Payload Antenna
	7.1 Technical Characteristics of Microwave Remote Sensing Satellite Payload Antenna
	7.2 Ocean Microwave Radiometer Antenna
		7.2.1 Ocean Observation Microwave Radiometer
		7.2.2 Design of Earth Observation Antenna
		7.2.3 Design of Cold Calibration Antenna
		7.2.4 Feed
		7.2.5 Scanning Mechanism
		7.2.6 Lock-Release Device
	7.3 Ocean Microwave Scatterometer Antenna
		7.3.1 Principle of Ocean Microwave Scatterometer
		7.3.2 Antenna System of Ocean Microwave Scatterometer
		7.3.3 Examples of Ocean Microwave Scatterometer Antennas
	7.4 Synthetic Aperture Microwave Radiometer Antenna
		7.4.1 Principle of Synthetic Aperture Microwave Radiometer
		7.4.2 Synthetic Aperture Radiometer Antenna
		7.4.3 U.S. GeoSTAR
		7.4.4 European SMOS
		7.4.5 Swedish GAS
	7.5 Synthetic Aperture Radar Antenna
		7.5.1 Requirements for Synthetic Aperture Radar Antennas
		7.5.2 Several Main Forms of Synthetic Aperture Radar Antennas
		7.5.3 Synthetic Aperture Radar Antenna Application Example
	References
8 Low-Frequency Antenna and Small Satellite Antenna
	8.1 UHF Communication Antenna
		8.1.1 Electrical Performance Design
		8.1.2 Deployment Mechanism Design
	8.2 Small Satellite Antenna
		8.2.1 Introduction to Several Common Antennas
		8.2.2 Dipole Antennas
		8.2.3 Deployable Helical Antennas
		8.2.4 Inter-satellite Link Antennas
	References
9 Reliability Design of Spacecraft Antenna
	9.1 Structure Design of Spacecraft Antenna
		9.1.1 Material Selection for Antenna Structure
		9.1.2 Antenna Structure Design
		9.1.3 Antenna Mechanical Analysis
	9.2 Spacecraft Antenna Thermal Design
		9.2.1 Thermal Design Principles and Methods
		9.2.2 Main Thermal Control Products of Antenna
		9.2.3 Thermal Design of a Satellite DCS Antenna
		9.2.4 Thermal Analysis of Antenna On-Orbit
		9.2.5 Thermal Deformation and Thermal Stress Analysis
	9.3 Design of Spacecraft Antenna Multipaction Protection
	9.4 Spacecraft Antenna Passive Inter-modulation Protection Design
		9.4.1 PIM of Antennas in Communication Satellites
		9.4.2 PIM of Coaxial Cable in Communication Satellite
		9.4.3 PIM of Connectors in Communication Satellites
	References
10 Spacecraft Antenna Test Technology
	10.1 Spacecraft Antenna Electrical Performance Testing Technology
		10.1.1 Electrical Performance Test Task
		10.1.2 Circuit Performance Parameter Test
		10.1.3 Radiation Performance Parameter Test
		10.1.4 System Performance Parameter Test
		10.1.5 Multipaction Test
		10.1.6 Spacecraft Antenna Assisted Test Technology
	10.2 Spacecraft Antenna Environmental Test Technology
		10.2.1 Dynamic Environment Test
		10.2.2 Thermal Environment Test
11 Design Case of Typical Spacecraft Antenna System
	11.1 Design Case for Earth Remote Sensing Satellite Antenna System
		11.1.1 Composition of TT&C Antenna
		11.1.2 Composition of Data Transmission Antenna
		11.1.3 Antenna System Layout
		11.1.4 Performance of Antenna System
	11.2 Design Case of Meteorological Satellite Antenna System
		11.2.1 Satellite Function
		11.2.2 Technical Specification
		11.2.3 Design of Antenna System
		11.2.4 Development Experience and On-Orbit Application
	11.3 Design Case of Space Science Satellite Antenna System
		11.3.1 Mission Requirements and Technical Difficulties
		11.3.2 Design Scheme of Antenna System
	11.4 Design Case of Communication Satellite Antenna System
		11.4.1 Technical Requirement
		11.4.2 Scheme Design
		11.4.3 Antenna System Application
	11.5 Design Case of Antenna System of the Recoverable Satellite
		11.5.1 Mission Analysis
		11.5.2 Antenna System Design
	11.6 Design Case of Antenna System for the Spacecraft Shenzhou
		11.6.1 Engineering Design Requirements
		11.6.2 Recoverable Capsule Antenna
		11.6.3 Orbital Module USB Antenna
		11.6.4 Propulsion Module Antenna
		11.6.5 Flight Test Results
	11.7 Design Case of Chang\'e-5 Lunar Probe Antenna System
		11.7.1 Task Analysis of Antenna System
		11.7.2 Antenna System Design
		11.7.3 Antenna System Operating Mode
		11.7.4 Antenna Element Design
12 Overview of New Technology of Spacecraft Antenna
	12.1 Intelligent Reconfigurable Antenna
		12.1.1 Frequency Reconfiguration
		12.1.2 Pattern Reconfiguration
		12.1.3 Polarization Reconfiguration
	12.2 Multi-band Reflector Antenna
		12.2.1 Dual-Band Multipolar Feed
		12.2.2 Triple-Band Multipolar Feed
		12.2.3 Five-Band Feed
	12.3 Membrane Phased Array Antenna
		12.3.1 JPL Membrane Phased Array Antenna
		12.3.2 Research Progress in China
	12.4 Application of MEMS in Antenna
		12.4.1 Brief Introduction to MEMS Machining Process
		12.4.2 MEMS Phase Shifter
	12.5 Application of Terahertz Technology in Antenna
		12.5.1 Terahertz Wave Definition and Characteristics
		12.5.2 Application of Terahertz Technology in Space Field
		12.5.3 Technological Characteristics of THz Antenna
	References
Appendix
A.1 Basic Equation of Wire Antenna
A.1.1 Current Distribution and Radiation Field of Symmetrical Dipole
A.1.2 The Pattern of Symmetrical Dipole
A.2 Basic Equation of Reflector Antenna
A.2.1 Common Methods for Analyzing the Radiation Characteristics of Reflector Antenna
A.2.2 PO Method
A.3 Basic Equation of Planar Array Antenna
A.3.1 Radiation Field of Antenna Unit
A.3.2 Radiation Field of Linear Array
A.3.3 Radiation Field of Plane Array
A.3.4 Array Antenna Pattern Synthesis Method—Projection Matrix Method [1, 2]
References