Target Volume Delineation and Field Setup: A Practical Guide for Conformal and Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy

Contents
1: Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
	1.1	 General Principles of Planning and Target Delineation
	Further Reading
2: Oropharyngeal Carcinoma
	2.1	 Introduction
	2.2	 General Principles of Anatomy and Patterns of Spread
	2.3	 Diagnostic Workup Relevant for Target Delineation
	2.4	 Simulation and Daily Localization
	2.5	 Target Volume Delineation and Treatment Planning
		2.5.1	 Selected IMRT Dose and Fractionation Schemes
		2.5.2	 Suggested Target Volumes
	References
3: Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy for Cancers of the Head and Neck Cancer
	References
4: Larynx Cancer
	4.1	 General Principles of Anatomy and Patterns of Spread
	4.2	 Diagnostic Workup Relevant for Target Delineation
	4.3	 Simulation and Daily Localization
	4.4	 Target Volume Delineation and Treatment Planning
	References
5: Hypopharyngeal Carcinoma
	5.1	 Anatomy and Patterns of Spread
	5.2	 Diagnostic Workup Relevant for Target Volume Delineation
	5.3	 Simulation and Daily Localization
	5.4	 Target Volume Delineation and Treatment Planning
	5.5	 Suggested Reading
	References
6: Oral Cavity Cancers
	6.1	 General Principles of Planning and Target Delineation
7: Nasal Cavity and Paranasal Sinus Tumors
	7.1	 General Principles of Anatomy and Patterns of Spread
	7.2	 Diagnostic Workup Relevant for Target Delineation
	7.3	 Simulation and Daily Localization
	7.4	 Target Volume Delineation and Treatment Planning
	Further Reading
8: Major Salivary Glands
	8.1	 General Principles of Planning and Target Delineation
	Reference
9: Thyroid Cancer
	9.1	 General Principles of Planning and Target Delineation
10: Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Unknown Primary in the Head and Neck
	10.1	 General Principles of Planning and Target Delineation
	Further Reading
11: Early Breast Cancer
	11.1	 General Principles of Planning and Target Delineation
	References
12: Regional Lymph Node Irradiation for Breast Cancer
	12.1	 General Principles of Target Delineation for Regional Nodal Irradiation in Breast Cancer
	12.2	 Target and Nodal Volumes for Unreconstructed Right Chest Wall
	12.3	 Target and Nodal Volumes for Reconstructed (Tissue Expander) Left Chest Wall
	12.4	 Conventional 3D Conformal Planning
	References
13: Lung Cancer
	13.1	 General Principles of Planning and Target Delineation
	References
14: Esophageal Cancer
	14.1	 General Principles of Planning and Target Delineation
	References
15: Gastric Cancer
	15.1	 Anatomy and Patterns of Spread
	15.2	 Diagnostic Workup Relevant for Target Volume Delineation
	15.3	 General Principles of Planning and Target Delineation for Adjuvant Radiation for Adenocarcinomas of the Gastro-Esophageal Junction and the Stomach
	15.4	 Clinical Target Volumes for a Patient with T1N1M0 Adenocarcinoma of the Gastric Cardia Post Total Gastrectomy
	15.5	 Clinical Target Volumes for a Patient with T3N3M0 Adenocarcinoma of the Gastric Body Post Distal Gastrectomy
	15.6	 Clinical Target Volumes for a Patient with T2N1M0 Adenocarcinoma of the Antrum/Pylorus Post Distal Gastrectomy
	15.7	 Plan Assessment
	References
16: Pancreatic Cancer
	16.1	 General Principles of Target Delineation and Planning
	References
17: Hepatocellular Carcinoma
	17.1	 General Principles of Planning and Target Delineation
	Further Reading
18: Rectal Cancer
	18.1	 Diagnostic Workup Relevant for Target Volume Delineation
	18.2	 Simulation and Daily Localization
	18.3	 Target Volume Delineation and Treatment Planning
	18.4	 Plan Assessment
	Further Reading
19: Anal Cancer
	19.1	 Anatomy and Patterns of Spread
	19.2	 Diagnostic Workup Relevant for Target Volume Delineation
	19.3	 Simulation and Daily Localization
	19.4	 Target Volume Delineation and Treatment Planning
	19.5	 Plan Assessment
	References
20: Postoperative Therapy for Cervical, Vaginal, and Endometrial Cancer
	20.1	 Introduction
	20.2	 Diagnostic Workup Relevant for Target Volume Delineation
	20.3	 Simulation and Daily Localization
	20.4	 Target Volume Delineation and Treatment Planning
	20.5	 External Beam Plan Assessment
	References
21: Definitive Therapy for Cervical, Vaginal, and Endometrial Cancer
	21.1	 Introduction
	21.2	 General Principles of Workup, Imaging, and Staging
	21.3	 CT Simulation for Treatment Planning
	21.4	 General Principles of Target Delineation
	21.5	 Organs at Risk
	21.6	 Plan Assessment
	21.7	 Image-Guided Treatment Delivery
	21.8	 Cervical Cancer
	21.9	 Vaginal Cancer
	21.10	 Endometrial Cancer
	References
22: Image-Guided Brachytherapy
	22.1	 General Principles
	22.2	 Cervical Cancer
		22.2.1	 Initial Evaluation and Applicator Choice
		22.2.2	 Implant Evaluation
		22.2.3	 Volume Delineation
		22.2.4	 Treatment Planning
	22.3	 Endometrial Cancer
		22.3.1	 Postoperative Adjuvant Treatment
			22.3.1.1	 Initial Evaluation and Applicator Choice
			22.3.1.2	 Implant Evaluation
			22.3.1.3	 Volume Delineation
			22.3.1.4	 Treatment Planning
		22.3.2	 Medically Inoperable Endometrial Cancer
			22.3.2.1	 Initial Evaluation and Applicator Choice
			22.3.2.2	 Implant Evaluation
			22.3.2.3	 Volume Delineation
			22.3.2.4	 Treatment Planning
		22.3.3	 Locally Recurrent Endometrial Cancer
	22.4	 Vaginal Cancer
		22.4.1	 Initial Evaluation and Applicator Choice
		22.4.2	 Implant Evaluation
		22.4.3	 Volume Delineation
		22.4.4	 Treatment Planning
	22.5	 Vulvar Cancer
	References
23: Vulvar Cancer
	23.1	 Introduction
	23.2	 General Principles
	23.3	 IMRT for Vulvar Cancer
	23.4	 Simulation
	23.5	 Image Registration
	23.6	 Target Delineation
	23.7	 Prescription Recommendations
	23.8	 Organs at Risk
	23.9	 Image-Guided Radiation Therapy
	References
24: Advanced Technologies and Treatment Techniques for Gynecologic Malignancies
	24.1	 General Principles
	24.2	 Image Guidance
	24.3	 Bone Marrow-Sparing IMRT
	24.4	 Adaptive Re-planning
	24.5	 Proton Therapy
	24.6	 Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy (SBRT)
		24.6.1	 Cervical Cancer
		24.6.2	 Endometrial Cancer
	References
25: Prostate Adenocarcinoma
	25.1	 General Principles of Planning and Target Delineation
	Further Reading
26: Bladder Cancer
	26.1	 General Principles of Planning and Target Delineation
	26.2	 Three-Dimensional Conformal Radiation Therapy (3D-CRT)
	26.3	 Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT)
	26.4	 Simulation and Planning
	26.5	 MSKCC Guidelines
	References
27: Testicular Seminoma
	27.1	 General Principles of Planning and Target Delineation
	References
28: Brain Metastases
	28.1	 Whole Brain Radiation Therapy Versus Stereotactic Radiosurgery
	28.2	 WBRT: General Principles of Planning and Target Delineation
	28.3	 SRS: General Principles of Planning and Target Delineation
	References
29: Benign Tumors of the CNS
	29.1	 General Principles of Radiotherapy Planning and Target Volume Delineation
	29.2	 Patient Positioning, Immobilization, and Simulation
	29.3	 Normal Structures
		29.3.1	 Low-Grade Astrocytic and Oligodendroglial Tumors
		29.3.2	 Meningioma
		29.3.3	 Vestibular and Non-Vestibular Schwannoma
		29.3.4	 Pituitary Tumors
		29.3.5	 Glomus Tumors/Paraganglioma
30: Malignant Tumors of the CNS
	30.1	 General Principles of Radiotherapy Planning and Target Volume Delineation
	30.2	 Patient Positioning, Immobilization, and Simulation
	30.3	 Normal Structures
	30.4	 High-Grade Glioma
		30.4.1	 Meningioma and Hemangiopericytoma
31: Hodgkin and Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
	31.1	 General Principles of Tumor Volume Delineation and Field Setup
	31.2	 Principles of Involved-Site and Involved-Node Radiation Therapy
	31.3	 Case-Based Examples for Target Delineation
	31.4	 Contouring for Select Sites Including Extranodal Sites
		31.4.1	 General Principles of Patient Setup and TV Delineation for Inguinal/Pelvic Region Lymphoma
		31.4.2	 General Principles of Patient Setup and TV Delineation for Gastric Lymphoma
		31.4.3	 General Principles of Patient Setup and TV Delineation for Orbital and Sinonasal Lymphoma
	References
32: Soft Tissue Sarcoma
	32.1	 General Principles of Planning and Target Delineation
33: Pediatric Sarcoma
	33.1	 Background, Anatomy, and Patterns of Spread
	33.2	 Diagnostic Imaging for Target Volume Definition
	33.3	 Target Volume Delineation and Treatment Planning
	33.4	 Simulation, Immobilization, Treatment Devices, and Daily Localization
	33.5	 Plan Assessment
	Further Reading
34: Pediatric Brain Tumors
	34.1	 Medulloblastoma
		34.1.1	 General Principles of Target Delineation and Radiation Treatment Planning
	34.2	 Ependymoma
		34.2.1	 General Principles of Target Delineation and Radiation Treatment Planning
	34.3	 Pure Germinoma
		34.3.1	 General Principles of Target Delineation and Radiation Treatment Planning
	References