Talking Social: A Concise Introduction to Sociolinguistics

Language and Identity...................................... ii
Pride not Shame ............................................. iii
Acknowledgment ..............................................iv
Sociolinguistics ................................................1
Micro and Macro Sociolinguistics ....................2
Linguistic Variation .........................................3
Dialect  ............................................................3
Sociolect ..........................................................5
Idiolect ............................................................7
Accent .............................................................9
Language Planning .........................................11
National language ..........................................13
Official Language ..........................................15
Majority Language ........................................16
Minority Language ........................................17
High level language ........................................19
Low level language .........................................21
Language Shift ...............................................22
Language Death .............................................24
Language Maintenance ..................................27
Language Revival ...........................................28
Diglossia  ................................................. 30
Register  ...................................................33
Pidgins   ...................................................36
Creoles  ....................................................40
Code Switching  .......................................44
Code Mixing  ...........................................46
Elaborated and Restricted Code ...............48
Sexist Language  ......................................50
Multilingualism  .......................................52
Language and Gender ...............................54
Language and Age  ...................................56
National Language of Pakistan ................58
Regional Languages of Pakistan ..............60
Recommendations by the writer ................61
References ................................................63