Sustainable Development Insights from India: Selected Essays in Honour of Ramprasad Sengupta

Foreword
Preface
Acknowledgements
Contents
Editors and Contributors
Introducing Contemporary Development and Sustainability Concerns for India
	1 The Why Question
		1.1 Rationale for the Book
		1.2 The Enduring Relevance of Sustainable Development
	2 The How Question
		2.1 The Big Picture: Evolving Perspectives
		2.2 The Energy Scenario: Dilemmas and Opportunities
		2.3 Sustainability Cross-Cuts: Developmental Aspects
		2.4 Externality Empirics: Knowledge and Practice
	3 The What Question
		3.1 The Big Picture: Evolving Perspectives
		3.2 The Energy Scenario: Dilemmas and Opportunities
		3.3 Sustainability Cross-Cuts: Developmental Aspects
		3.4 Externality Empirics: Knowledge and Practice
	4 Concluding Remarks
	References
The Big Picture: Evolving Perspectives
Fast-Growing Developing Countries: Dilemma and Way Forward in a Carbon-Constrained World
	1 Introduction
	2 India’s Achievements and Scope for Enhancing Contribution
		2.1 In Energy Matters
		2.2 In Non-Energy Matters: Indian Agriculture
	3 Bangladesh
	4 Concluding Remarks
	References
Looking Beyond the COVID-19 Pandemic: What Does Our Future Hold?
	1 Introduction
	2 The World Economy and Environment Before COVID-19
	3 The Pandemic and Its Effects
		3.1 The Medical Evidence and Surprises
		3.2 Economic Impact
		3.3 Social and Political Impact
		3.4 The Environmental Impact
		3.5 The Human Costs of the Pandemic
		3.6 The Economic Policy Responses
	4 The Unfolding Lessons from the Pandemic
	5 Imagining Alternative Futures
	6 Conclusion
	References
Identification of Urban Centres for Conducting Population Census; Need for Combining GIS with Socio-economic Data
	1 Preamble
	2 Introduction
	3 Objectives of the Study
	4 Review of International Practices with Respect to the Definition of Urban and Rural Areas
	5 Exploring Methodologies for Delimiting Boundaries of Urban Centres and Estimating Urban Population
	6 Proposing a System for Areal Classification: Criteria for Identifying Urban Centres
	7 Determining the Level of Urbanisation in Sri Lanka in 2012 Employing the Proposed Definition: An Illustrative Case
	8 Key Issues in Areal Classification and Recommendations
	9 Recommendations
	References
Competition, Technology, Innovation and Exports: Contemporary Theoretical Insights
	1 Introduction
	2 Technology and Market Structures
		2.1 Innovation Incentives
	3 Exportability, Credit Market and Innovation
	4 Concluding Remarks
	References
An Evaluation of Monetary Policy in India: A Sustainable Development Perspective
	1 Introduction
	2 Monetary Policy in India: An Overview
	3 Monetary Policy: Impact on Aggregate Demand and Output
		3.1 Monetary Transmission: Basic Issues and Concepts
		3.2 The Indian Experience
	4 Monetary Policy and Inflation
		4.1 Inflation: A Few Conceptual Issues
		4.2 Inflation: The Indian Experience
	5 Sustainable Development, COVID-19 and Role of Monetary Policy
		5.1 Key Policy Issues
		5.2 The Indian Experience
	6 Concluding Remarks
	Appendix
	References
The Energy Scenario: Dilemmas and Opportunities
The Genesis of Electricity Reform in India and the UK, its Repercussions and the Way forward
	1 The First Phase of Reforms
		1.1 Amendment of Electricity Laws
		1.2 Tweaking the Role of the CEA
		1.3 Common Minimum National Action Plan for Power
	2 The Second Phase of Reforms
		2.1 The Electricity Regulatory Commissions Act 1998
		2.2 The Electricity Act 2003
	3 Restructuring of the Power Sector in Other Countries
		3.1 Reforms in the UK
	4 Difference Between Indian and UK Model
	5 The Indian Experience
	6 Way Forward
		6.1 Privatisation of Distribution Utilities
		6.2 Role of Regulatory Bodies
		6.3 Creation of Wholesale and Retail Markets
		6.4 Conclusion
	References
Embeddedness of Economic Reforms in Regional Political Climate: A Case of Delayed Reforms in Bihar’s Electricity Sector
	1 Introduction
	2 The Political Context
		2.1 Pre-Lalu Period
		2.2 Lalu’s Regime
		2.3 Post-Lalu Period
	3 Changes in Electricity Sector Since 2005
		3.1 Expansion of Network and Consumers
		3.2 Adverse Effects of Bifurcation of Electricity Sector Assets
		3.3 Critical Role of the Holding Company After Unbundling
		3.4 Surge in Demand for and Supply of Power
		3.5 Subsidies to Retain Domestic Consumers
	4 Drivers of Change
		4.1 Availability of Financial Resource at Opportune Time
		4.2 Organizational Changes
		4.3 Rural Revenue Franchisees
		4.4 Coordination Between Political and Executive Leadership
	5 Experiments with Distribution Franchising
	6 Progress of Renewable Sources
	7 Conclusion
	References
Towards an Energy-Efficient Economy: Policy Measures by Government of India
	1 Introduction
	2 Economics of Energy Efficiency
	3 Energy Efficiency Policy in India
		3.1 Industry Sector
		3.2 Domestic Appliances and Building Sectors
		3.3 Municipal and Agricultural Sectors
	4 Impact of Energy Efficiency Programmes
	5 Recommendations and Conclusions
	References
Climbing Energy Ladder or Fuel Stacking in Indian Households: A Multinomial Logit Approach
	1 Introduction
	2 Conceptual Framework
	3 Methodology and Data Source
	4 Results
		4.1 Energy Profile of Household Sector
	5 Household Characteristics
	6 Factors Affecting the Fuel Stacking Behaviour of Households
	7 Conclusion
	References
Understanding Energy Use in Indian Agricultural Production System in Post-WTO Period
	1 Introduction
	2 Energy Use in Indian Agriculture
	3 Data and Methodology
	4 Econometric Results
	5 Concluding Remarks
	References
COVID-19 and the Big Oil Price Crash: Exploring the Anatomy
	1 The Backdrop
	2 Oil Market Dynamics in a Pandemic Struck World and Its Fallouts
		2.1 Price War: A Miscalculated Masterstroke
		2.2 Bruising America’s Hype on Shale and Energy Dominance
		2.3 Deep Contango, Black Monday and Storage Crisis
	3 Conclusion
	References
Sustainability Cross-Cuts: Developmental Aspects
Recourse to the Circular Economy: The Path Ahead
	1 Introduction
	2 Linear Versus Closed System
		2.1 Dimensions of the Circular Economy
		2.2 Circular Economy and Its Inter-linkages
	3 Mainstreaming Circular Economy in India
		3.1 Recent RE/CE Initiatives in India
		3.2 National Resource Efficiency Policy and the Overarching Framework for RE/CE in India
	4 An Economic Perspective on Circular Economy
	5 Concluding Remarks
	Appendix I: RE Framework in India
	References
Ambient Air Pollution and Respiratory Illness: A Study in Opencast Coal Mining Region of Odisha
	1 Introduction
	2 Odisha—The Study Area
		2.1 Area of Study and Sample Design
	3 Tools of Analysis—Econometric Model
	4 Results and Analysis
	5 Concluding Remarks
	References
Rice Production Systems and Drought Resilience in India
	1 Introduction
	2 Drought in India: Definition, Trends and Patterns
		2.1 Drought in Terms of Rainfall Anomaly
		2.2 Drought Index
		2.3 Trends and Patterns
	3 Impact of Drought on Rice Yield—Empirical Estimation
		3.1 Model Estimations
	4 Conclusions
	References
Water Disputes in the Cauvery and the Teesta Basins: Conflictual Federalism, Food Security, and Reductionist Hydrology
	1 Introduction
	2 Constitutional Framework of Interstate Water Governance and Conflictual Federalism
	3 Conflictual Federalism: Common Origins, Different Implications
		3.1 The Cauvery Conflict
	4 Flawed Food Policy
	5 Lack of Integrated Approach
	6 Concluding Remarks
	References
Renewable Energy in India: What It Means for the Economy and Jobs
	1 Background
	2 RE Growth and Its Macroeconomic Linkages in India
		2.1 Methods and Models
		2.2 Dataset
		2.3 Results
	3 Forecasting of RE Generation and Associated Capacities in India Under Alternative Scenarios
		3.1 Assumptions Underlying Alternative RE Forecasts
		3.2 RE Energy and Capacity Forecasts Under Alternative Scenarios
	4 Future RE Capacity and Job Creation Potential
	5 Conclusion and Key Takeaways
	References
Externality Empirics: Knowledge and Practice
Embracing Natural Resource Accounting in India: Some Reflections
	1 Introduction
	2 The Need to Look Beyond GDP and Other SNA-Based Macroeconomic Indicators of Growth
	3 The SEEA Central Framework
	4 Environmental Accounting in India
	5 Conclusion: A Green Economy Response
	Appendix
	References
Environment and People: Reflections on Perception, Education and Behaviour
	1 Introduction
	2 Environmental Consciousness and Community Response
		2.1 Environmental Education for Pro-Environmental Behaviour
		2.2 Preparedness for Environmental Disasters
		2.3 Environmental Communication for Sensitization
	3 Cross-Cutting Environmental Consciousness in India
		3.1 Environmental Education: A Case Study in University
		3.2 Disaster Risk Preparedness Among Youth: A Case Study in Schools
		3.3 Environmental Communication: A Case Study in Media
	4 Concluding Remarks
	References
Uncertainty and Causality in Public Policy: The Cases of Heart Disease and Climate Change
	1 Introduction
	2 Analytical Framework and Remarks
		2.1 Analytical Framework
		2.2 Interpretive Remarks
	3 Uncertainty and Decisions
		3.1 Heart Disease
		3.2 Climate Change
	4 Causal Inference from Data
		4.1 Heart Disease
		4.2 Climate Change
	5 Beliefs, Communication and Literacy
		5.1 Beliefs
		5.2 Communication and Literacy
	6 Conclusion
	References
Unbundling Air Pollution Concerns: A Closer Look at Socio-economic Factors
	1 Introduction
	2 Rationale, Methods and Data
		2.1 Rationale and Methods
		2.2 Scale of Analysis
		2.3 Variables and Data Sources
	3 Key Insights from the Desk Review
		3.1 Causes of Air Pollution
		3.2 Socio-Economic Determinants of Air Pollution
		3.3 Key Aspects of Some Recent Programmes and Initiatives
	4 Findings from Data Analysis
		4.1 Trends in Air Pollution
		4.2 Air Quality During COVID-19 Lockdown Period
		4.3 Policy Instruments for the Pollution–Income Relationship
		4.4 Socio-economic Determinants of PM10 Pollution
	5 Conclusion
	Appendix: Data Sources and Definitions
	References
Modelling Production of Bad Outputs: Theory and Empirics
	1 Introduction
	2 Conceptual Framework
		2.1 Good Versus Bad Output
		2.2 Production Technology
		2.3 Bad Outputs as Inputs
		2.4 Bad Outputs as Weakly Disposable Joint Outputs
		2.5 Network Production Technology
		2.6 By-Production Technology
	3 Empirical Framework
		3.1 Directional Output Distance Function
		3.2 Parametric Estimation
		3.3 Non-parametric Estimation
	4 Empirical Applications
	5 Concluding Remarks
	References