Structural Materials: Behavior, Testing and Evaluation

Preface
Contents
About the Author
1 Materials
	1.1 Material Classification
		1.1.1 Structural and Nonstructural Materials
	1.2 Types of Material
	1.3 Material Response
		1.3.1 Elastic Response
		1.3.2 Elasto-Plastic Response
		1.3.3 Plastic Response
	1.4 Material Properties
		1.4.1 Mechanical Properties
		1.4.2 Thermal Properties
		1.4.3 Acoustical Properties
		1.4.4 Electrical Properties
		1.4.5 Magnetism
		1.4.6 Chemical Properties
	Bibliography
2 Material Behavior
	2.1 Material Microstructure
		2.1.1 Metals and Non-metals
		2.1.2 Polymers
		2.1.3 Composites
	2.2 Material Behavior Under Different Stress Conditions
		2.2.1 Tension
		2.2.2 Compression
		2.2.3 Shear and Bending
	2.3 Parameters Affecting the Material Strength
		2.3.1 Size and Shape of Specimen
		2.3.2 Type of the Loading
		2.3.3 Duration of Loading
		2.3.4 Stress Conditions
	2.4 Material Constitutive Models
		2.4.1 Tension Models
			2.4.1.1 Multi-linear Relationship
			2.4.1.2 Bilinear Relationship
			2.4.1.3 Linear Relationship
			2.4.1.4 Drop-Constant Relationship
		2.4.2 Compression Models
			2.4.2.1 Parabolic Stress Block
			2.4.2.2 Equivalent Rectangular Stress Block
	2.5 Characteristics Strength of Materials
	Bibliography
3 Characterizing Material Response
	3.1 Different Equipments and Devices
		3.1.1 Force Measurement
		3.1.2 Strain Measurements
		3.1.3 Displacement-Controlled Testing
		3.1.4 Load-Controlled Testing
		3.1.5 Data Acquisition System
	3.2 Selection of Suitable Testing Equipments
	3.3 Calibration of Equipments/Instruments/Sensors
	3.4 Testing Operations
	Bibliography
4 Material Testing and Evaluation
	4.1 Sampling
	4.2 Acceptance Criterion
	4.3 Different Test Parameters
		4.3.1 Strength and Stiffness
		4.3.2 Toughness and Resilience
		4.3.3 Fatigue
		4.3.4 Crushing
		4.3.5 Impact
		4.3.6 Abrasion
		4.3.7 Permeability
		4.3.8 Time-Dependent Properties, Such as Shrinkage and Creep
		4.3.9 Durability Considerations
	4.4 Different Methods to Monitor the Quality of Materials
	4.5 Nondestructive Testing Procedures
		4.5.1 Rebound Hammer Test
		4.5.2 Pulse Velocity Testing
		4.5.3 Carbonation Depth Measurement
	References and Bibliography
	References
	Bibliography
5 Documenting Test Results
	5.1 Test Data
		5.1.1 Data Generation
		5.1.2 Data Collection
		5.1.3 Compilation and Reporting
	5.2 Method of Interpretation
	5.3 Writing the Test Reports
	5.4 Material Selection Process
	Bibliography
6 Code of Practice and Guidelines
	6.1 Quality Control and Importance
	6.2 Different Materials
		6.2.1 Cementitious Materials
			6.2.1.1 Lime
			6.2.1.2 Cements
			6.2.1.3 Pozzolanic Materials
		6.2.2 Aggregates
			6.2.2.1 Fine Aggregates
			6.2.2.2 Coarse Aggregates
		6.2.3 Admixtures
		6.2.4 Reinforcing Materials
			6.2.4.1 Structural Steel
			6.2.4.2 Fibers
			6.2.4.3 Geotextiles and Geogrid
			6.2.4.4 Carbon Composites
		6.2.5 Concrete
			6.2.5.1 Plain Concrete
			6.2.5.2 Reinforced Concrete
			6.2.5.3 Fiber-Reinforced Concrete
			6.2.5.4 Self-Consolidating Concrete
			6.2.5.5 Lightweight Concrete
			6.2.5.6 Permeable Concrete
			6.2.5.7 High-Performance Concrete
		6.2.6 Timber
		6.2.7 Glass
		6.2.8 Aluminum
		6.2.9 Asphaltic Materials
		6.2.10 Soils
	Conflict of Interest
	References and Bibliography
	References
	Bibliography
7 Design of Materials
	7.1 Introduction
	7.2 Design Philosophy
	7.3 Natural Materials
		7.3.1 Stones
		7.3.2 Timber
	7.4 Metals and Alloys
	7.5 Polymers
		7.5.1 Changing the Processing Parameter
		7.5.2 Addition of Other Chemicals
	7.6 Composites
		7.6.1 Mortar
		7.6.2 Concrete
	7.7 Annexure
	References
Index