Structural and Typological Variation in the Dialects of Kurdish

Contents
Notes on Contributors
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Maps
Introduction
	1	 The MDKD in the Context of Kurdish Linguistics
	2	 MDKD Design and Methodology
	3	 The Chapters
	References
Lexical Variation and Semantic Change in Kurdish
	1	 Introduction
	2	 Overview of Previous Research
	3	 Theoretical Underpinnings
	4	 Method
	5	 Results
		5.1	 ‘Child’
		5.2	 ‘Girl/Daughter’
		5.3	 ‘Son/Boy’
		5.4	 ‘Mountain’
		5.5	 ‘River’
		5.6	 ‘Snow’
		5.7	 ‘Green’
		5.8	 ‘Red’
		5.9	 ‘Factory’
	6	 Discussion and Conclusion
	Appendix
	Abbreviations
	References
Phonological Variation in Kurdish
	1	 Introduction1
	2	 Scope and Limitations
	3	 Phonological Variation: Vowels
		3.1	 Transcription of Vowels
		3.2	 Structure of NK and CK Vowel Inventories
		3.3	 Geographic Variation in Vowel Distribution
	4	 Phonological Variation: Consonants
		4.1	 Transcription of Consonants
		4.2	 Structure of NK and CK Consonant Inventories
		4.3	 Geographic Variation in Consonant Distribution
	5	 Conclusion
	Abbreviations
	References
Case in Kurdish
	1	 Introduction: Theory and Terminology
	2	 Distribution and Function of the Oblique Case in Kurdish
		2.1	 Distribution and Function of the Oblique Case in CK Dialects
		2.2	 Distribution and Function of the Oblique Case in NK Dialects
			A in Past Tenses
			O in Present/Non-past Tenses
			Post-predicate Goals
			Complement of Adpositions
			Possessor in Ezafe
	3	 Subject and Direct Objects (S, A, and O) in Kurdish
		3.1	 Subjects and Direct Objects in SK
		3.2	 Subjects and Direct Objects in CK
		3.3	 Subjects and Direct Objects in NK
		3.4	 Interim Summary
	4	 Non-structural Cases in Kurdish
	5	 Summary and Conclusions
	Abbreviations
	References
Pronominal Clitics Across Kurdish: Areal Distribution, Structural Variation, and Diachrony
	1	 Introduction
	2	 Comparative Description of Pronominal Clitics in Kurdish Varieties
		2.1	 Pronominal Clitics in Northern Kurdish
			Forms of Pronominal Clitics in NK
			Functions of Pronominal Clitics in NK
			Placement of Pronominal Clitics in NK
		2.2	 Pronominal Clitics in Central Kurdish
			Forms of Pronominal Clitics in Central Kurdish
			Functions of Pronominal Clitics in Central Kurdish
			Placement of Pronominal Clitics in Central Kurdish
			Restrictions on Multiple Clitics in Central Kurdish
			Realization of a Direct Object in Central Kurdish
		2.3	 Pronominal Clitics in Southern Kurdish
			Forms of Pronominal Clitics in Southern Kurdish
			Functions of Pronominal Clitics in Southern Kurdish
			Placement of Pronominal Clitics in Southern Kurdish
		2.4	 Pronominal Clitics in Laki
			Forms of Pronominal Clitics in Laki
			Functions of Pronominal Clitics in Laki
			Placement of Pronominal Clitics in Laki
			Restrictions on Multiple Cliticization in Laki
			Order in Clitic and Affix Sequences in Laki
		2.5	 Pronominal Clitics in Gorani
			Forms of Pronominal Clitics in Gorani
			Functions of Pronominal Clitics in Gorani
			Placement of Pronominal Clitics in Gorani
			Restrictions on Multiple Cliticization in Gorani
			Clitic and Affix Sequences in Gorani
	3	 Areal and Historical Patterns in the Forms and Grammar of Pronominal Clitics in Kurdish Dialects
		3.1	 Variation in Pronominal Clitic Forms in Kurdish
		3.2	 The Range of Pronominal Clitic Functions Across Kurdish
		3.3	 Variation in the Placement of Pronominal Clitics
	4	 Summary and Conclusions
	Abbreviations
	References
A Cross-Dialect Account of Kurdish Past Tense Categories, with Special Reference to Southern Kurdish
	1	 Introduction and Goals
	2	 Sources
	3	 Generalities on Past Tense/Aspect Forms in Iranian
		3.1	 Generalities on Past Tense/Aspect Forms in Kurdish
	4	 Preterit
		4.1	 Morphology of Kurdish Preterits
		4.2	 Semantics of Kurdish Preterits
	5	 Imperfect
		5.1	 Morphology of Kurdish Imperfects
		5.2	 Semantics of Kurdish Imperfects
	6	 Progressive Periphrasis
	7	 (Present) Perfect
		7.1	 Morphology of Kurdish (Present) Perfects
		7.2	 Semantics of Kurdish (Present) Perfects
	8	 Pluperfect (Past Perfect)
		8.1	 Morphology of Kurdish Pluperfects (Past Perfects)
		8.2	 Semantics of Kurdish Pluperfects (Past Perfects)
	9	 Summary
	Abbreviations
	References
Adpositions in Kurdish
	1	 Introduction
	2	 Inventory of Adpositions
		2.1	 Core Adpositions
		2.2	 Absolute Adpositions
		2.3	 Other Adpositions
		2.4	 Compound Adpositions and Nominal Prepositions
		2.5	 Loans
	3	 Prepositions
	4	 Postpositions
	5	 Circumpositions
	6	 Absolute Adpositions
		6.1	 Distribution of Absolute Adpositions
		6.2	 Complements of Absolute Adpositions
	7	 Semantic Functions of Adpositions in Kurdish
		7.1	 Semantic Categorization
		7.2	 Instrument and Comitative
		7.3	 Ablative and Locative
		7.4	 Allative, Addressee, Recipient, and Benefactive
	8	 Conclusion
	Abbreviations
	References
Post-Predicate Constituents in Kurdish
	1	 Introduction
	2	 Post-Predicate Elements in the Duhok Variety of Northern Kurdish
		2.1	 Goals of Verbs of Motion
		2.2	 Goals with Verbs of Caused Motion
		2.3	 Recipients of dan ‘Give’
		2.4	 Addressees of ‘say’ gotin
		2.5	 Final State Complements of Inchoative ‘become’ (bûn)
		2.6	 Light Verb Complements
		2.7	 Summary of Post-Predicate Elements in Duhok Kurmanjî
	3	 The Areal Distribution of Post-Predicate Constituents in Kurdish
		3.1	 PLACE and OBLIQUE Constituents in the MDKD
		3.2	 Goals of Verbs of (Caused) Motion in the MDKD
			Discussion
		3.3	 Recipients of ‘Give’
		3.4	 Preliminary Conclusion
	4	 Addressees of ‘Say/Tell’
		4.1	 Word Order of Addressees in Northern Kurdish
		4.2	 The Interaction of Word Order and Flagging with Addressees
		4.3	 Summary of Addressees of ‘Say/Tell’
	5	 Explanations
		5.1	 Synchronic Approaches
	6	 The Diachronics of OVX Order in Kurdish
		6.1	 OVX Through the Inheritance of Nominal Syntax (Nikitina 2011)
		6.2	 The Diachrony of OVX Word Order in Kurdish
	7	 Conclusions
	Abbreviations
	References
The Typology of Connectivity and Complex Constructions in Kurdish Dialects
	1	 Introduction
	2	 Coordination and Chaining
		2.1	 Conjunctive/Additive
		2.2	 Focused Conjunctive
		2.3	 Alignment and Coreferentiality
		2.4	 Disjunctive
		2.5	 Adversative/Contrastive
		2.6	 Sequential
		2.7	 Summary of Coordinators and Sequential Markers
	3	 Relative Clauses
	4	 Complement Clauses
		4.1	 Phasals
		4.2	 Modals
		4.3	 Manipulatives
		4.4	 Desiderative
		4.5	 Perception
		4.6	 Knowledge
		4.7	 Propositional Attitude
		4.8	 Utterance
		4.9	 Summary of Complement Clauses
	5	 Adverbial Subordination
		5.1	 Co-temporal
		5.2	 Anterior and Posterior
		5.3	 Reason
		5.4	 Purpose
		5.5	 Concessive
		5.6	 Conditional
		5.7	 Summary of Adverbial Clauses
	6	 Discussion
	Abbreviations
	References
Index